摘要:
The disclosure provides projection objectives which may be used in a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus to expose a radiation-sensitive substrate arranged in the region of an image surface of the projection objective with at least one image of a pattern of a mask arranged in the region of an object surface of the projection objective. The disclosure also provides projection exposure apparatus which include such projection objectives, as well as related components and methods.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a polarization-modulating optical element, wherein the element causes, for light passing through the element and due to stress-induced birefringence, a distribution of retardation between orthogonal states of polarization, the method comprising joining a first component and a second component, wherein a non-plane surface of the first component being provided with a defined height profile is joined with a plane surface of the second component, whereby a mechanical stress causing the stress-induced birefringence is produced in the such formed polarization-modulating optical element.
摘要:
The invention concerns an optical element, in particular for an objective or an illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, including a substrate which for light of a predetermined working wavelength which passes through the substrate causes a first retardation between mutually perpendicular polarization states, and a layer which is epitaxially grown on the substrate and which is made from a material with non-cubic crystal structure, which by virtue of natural birefringence causes a second retardation between mutually perpendicular polarization states, which at least partially compensates for the first retardation caused in the substrate.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a polarization-modulating optical element is provided. The element causes, for light passing through the element and due to stress-induced birefringence, a distribution of retardation between orthogonal states of polarization. The method includes joining a first component and a second component. A non-plane surface of the first component is provided with a defined height profile is joined with a plane surface of the second component. A mechanical stress causing the stress-induced birefringence is produced in the such formed polarization-modulating optical element.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a polarization-modulating optical element, wherein the element causes, for light passing through the element and due to stress-induced birefringence, a distribution of retardation between orthogonal states of polarization, the method comprising joining a first component and a second component, wherein a non-plane surface of the first component being provided with a defined height profile is joined with a plane surface of the second component, whereby a mechanical stress causing the stress-induced birefringence is produced in the such formed polarization-modulating optical element.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to specification, optimization and matching of optical systems by use of orientation Zernike polynomials. In some embodiments, a method for assessing the suitability of an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus is provided. The method can include determining a Jones pupil of the optical system, at least approximately describing the Jones pupil using an expansion into orientation Zernike polynomials, and assessing the suitability of the optical system on the basis of the expansion coefficient of at least one of the orientation Zernike polynomials in the expansion.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a polarization-modulating optical element, wherein the element causes, for light passing through the element and due to stress-induced birefringence, a distribution of retardation between orthogonal states of polarization, the method comprising joining a first component and a second component, wherein a non-plane surface of the first component being provided with a defined height profile is joined with a plane surface of the second component, whereby a mechanical stress causing the stress-induced birefringence is produced in the such formed polarization-modulating optical element.
摘要:
The disclosure provides projection objectives which may be used in a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus to expose a radiation-sensitive substrate arranged in the region of an image surface of the projection objective with at least one image of a pattern of a mask arranged in the region of an object surface of the projection objective. The disclosure also provides projection exposure apparatus which include such projection objectives, as well as related components and methods.
摘要:
The present disclosure relates to specification, optimization and matching of optical systems by use of orientation Zernike polynomials. In some embodiments, a method for assessing the suitability of an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus is provided. The method can include determining a Jones pupil of the optical system, at least approximately describing the Jones pupil using an expansion into orientation Zernike polynomials, and assessing the suitability of the optical system on the basis of the expansion coefficient of at least one of the orientation Zernike polynomials in the expansion.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for blood treatment for the single-needle mode, the apparatus having an extra-corporeal blood circuit with a blood infeed line running to the inlet and a blood return line leading away from the outlet, of a blood treating unit, includes in the blood return line a device, e.g., container, for amassing blood, which is in flow-permitting connection for gas transfer with a device, e.g., container, for storing gas. A pressure is calculated and set in the device for storing gas before the arterial and venous phases are started, with two constraints. First, the pressure should be sufficiently low to ensure both no infusion of air into the patient and also regulated flow of blood into the patient even at opposing pressures lower than ambient pressure. Second, the pressure should be sufficiently high to expel blood from the device for amassing blood into the device for storing gas.