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公开(公告)号：US07514575B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-07
申请号：US11123607
申请日：2005-05-06
摘要： A method of producing an alkyl ester. The method comprises providing an alcohol and a triglyceride or fatty acid. An expanding gas is dissolved into the alcohol to form a gas expanded solvent. The alcohol is reacted with the triglyceride or fatty acid in a single phase to produce the alkyl ester. The expanding gas may be a nonpolar expanding gas, such as carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentene, isomers thereof, and mixtures thereof, which is dissolved into the alcohol. The gas expanded solvent may be maintained at a temperature below, at, or above a critical temperature of the expanding gas and at a pressure below, at, or above a critical pressure of the expanding gas.
摘要翻译： 一种制备烷基酯的方法。 该方法包括提供醇和甘油三酯或脂肪酸。 将膨胀气体溶解到醇中以形成气体膨胀溶剂。 醇与甘油三酯或脂肪酸在单相中反应以产生烷基酯。 膨胀气体可以是溶解在醇中的非极性膨胀气体，例如二氧化碳，甲烷，乙烷，丙烷，丁烷，戊烷，乙烯，丙烯，丁烯，戊烯，其异构体及其混合物。 气体膨胀溶剂可以保持在膨胀气体的临界温度以下，低于或等于膨胀气体的临界压力或高于膨胀气体的临界压力的压力的温度以下。
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公开(公告)号：US07718051B2
公开(公告)日：2010-05-18
申请号：US11856607
申请日：2007-09-17
IPC分类号： C10G47/00
CPC分类号： C10G3/46 , C10G3/49 , C10G3/52 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/42 , C10G2400/08 , Y02P30/20
摘要： Aspects of the invention include methods to produce jet fuel from biological oil sources. The method may be comprised of two steps: hydrocracking and reforming. The process may be self-sufficient in heat and hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 本发明的方面包括从生物油源产生喷气燃料的方法。 该方法可以包括两个步骤：加氢裂化和重整。 该方法在热和氢中可能是自给自足的。
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3.发明授权Methods for recovering a solvent from a fluid volume and methods of removing at least one compound from a nonpolar solvent 有权从流体体积中回收溶剂的方法和从非极性溶剂中除去至少一种化合物的方法公开(公告)号：US08747673B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-10
申请号：US13177962
申请日：2011-07-07
CPC分类号： B01D11/0292 , B01D17/047
摘要： A method of removing a nonpolar solvent from a fluid volume that includes at least one nonpolar compound, such as a fat, an oil or a triglyceride, is provided. The method comprises contacting a fluid volume with an expanding gas to expand the nonpolar solvent and form a gas-expanded solvent. The gas-expanded solvent may have a substantially reduced density in comparison to the at least one nonpolar compound and/or a substantially reduced capacity to solubilize the nonpolar compound, causing the nonpolar compounds to separate from the gas-expanded nonpolar solvent into a separate liquid phase. The liquid phase including the at least one nonpolar compound may be separated from the gas-expanded solvent using conventional techniques. After separation of the liquid phase, at least one of the temperature and pressure may be reduced to separate the nonpolar solvent from the expanding gas such that the nonpolar solvent may be recovered and reused.
摘要翻译： 提供了从包含至少一种非极性化合物（例如脂肪，油或甘油三酸酯）的流体体积中除去非极性溶剂的方法。 该方法包括使流体体积与膨胀气体接触以膨胀非极性溶剂并形成气体膨胀溶剂。 气体膨胀溶剂与至少一种非极性化合物相比可具有显着降低的密度和/或增加非极性化合物溶解能力的基本上降低的作用，导致非极性化合物与气体膨胀的非极性溶剂分离成单独的液体 相。 可以使用常规技术将包含至少一种非极性化合物的液相与气体膨胀溶剂分离。 在分离液相后，可以降低至少一个温度和压力，以将非极性溶剂与膨胀气体分离，使得非极性溶剂可以回收和重复使用。
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4.发明授权Enhancement of alkylation catalysts for improved supercritical fluid regeneration 失效用于改进超临界流体再生的烷基化催化剂的增强公开(公告)号：US07858069B2
公开(公告)日：2010-12-28
申请号：US12498937
申请日：2009-07-07
CPC分类号： C07C2/66 , B01J29/084 , B01J29/18 , B01J29/60 , B01J29/7007 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/009 , B01J2229/10 , B01J2229/38 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A method of modifying an alkylation catalyst to reduce the formation of condensed hydrocarbon species thereon. The method comprises providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a plurality of active sites. The plurality of active sites on the alkylation catalyst may include a plurality of weakly acidic active sites, intermediate acidity active sites, and strongly acidic active sites. A base is adsorbed to a portion of the plurality of active sites, such as the strongly acidic active sites, selectively poisoning the strongly acidic active sites. A method of modifying the alkylation catalyst by providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a pore size distribution that sterically constrains formation of the condensed hydrocarbon species on the alkylation catalyst or by synthesizing the alkylation catalyst to comprise a decreased number of strongly acidic active sites is also disclosed, as is a method of improving a regeneration efficiency of the alkylation catalyst.
摘要翻译： 一种改性烷基化催化剂以减少其上的稠合烃物质形成的方法。 该方法包括提供包含多个活性位点的烷基化催化剂。 烷基化催化剂上的多个活性位点可以包括多个弱酸性活性位点，中间酸性活性位点和强酸性活性位点。 碱被吸附到多个活性位点的一部分，例如强酸性活性位点，选择性地中毒强酸性活性位点。 还公开了通过提供烷基化催化剂来改性烷基化催化剂的方法，所述烷基化催化剂包含空间上约束烷基化催化剂上的稠合烃物质的形成的孔径分布，或通过合成烷基化催化剂以包含减少数量的强酸性活性位点， 以及提高烷基化催化剂的再生效率的方法也是如此。
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公开(公告)号：US20090071872A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-19
申请号：US11856607
申请日：2007-09-17
CPC分类号： C10G3/46 , C10G3/49 , C10G3/52 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1018 , C10G2300/42 , C10G2400/08 , Y02P30/20
摘要： Aspects of the invention include methods to produce jet-fuel from biological oil sources. The method may be comprised of two steps: a hydrocracking and a reforming. The process may be self sufficient in heat and hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 本发明的方面包括从生物油源产生喷气燃料的方法。 该方法可以包括两个步骤：加氢裂化和重整。 该方法在热和氢中可能是自给自足的。
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6.发明申请SYSTEMS INCLUDING CATALYSTS IN POROUS ZEOLITE MATERIALS WITHIN A REACTOR FOR USE IN SYNTHESIZING HYDROCARBONS 有权在合成碳氢化合物的反应器中包括多孔沸石材料中的催化剂的系统公开(公告)号：US20110085944A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-14
申请号：US12970689
申请日：2010-12-16
IPC分类号： B01J8/02
CPC分类号： B01J29/061 , B01J29/005 , B01J29/035 , B01J29/041 , B01J29/072 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/46 , B01J29/80 , B01J37/0018 , C07C1/20 , C07C2529/46 , C07C2529/84 , C07C2529/85 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/49 , C10G3/50 , C10G2400/20 , C10G2400/22 , Y02P30/40 , C07C11/02
摘要： Catalytic structures include a catalytic material disposed within a zeolite material. The catalytic material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the zeolite material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of hydrocarbon molecules from methanol. The catalytic material may include copper and zinc oxide. The zeolite material may include a first plurality of pores substantially defined by a crystal structure of the zeolite material and a second plurality of pores dispersed throughout the zeolite material. Systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules also include catalytic structures. Methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules include contacting hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with such catalytic structures. Catalytic structures are fabricated by forming a zeolite material at least partially around a template structure, removing the template structure, and introducing a catalytic material into the zeolite material.
摘要翻译： 催化结构包括设置在沸石材料内的催化材料。 催化材料可能能够催化从一氧化碳和/或二氧化碳形成甲醇，并且沸石材料可以能够催化甲醇形成烃分子。 催化材料可以包括铜和氧化锌。 沸石材料可以包括基本上由沸石材料的晶体结构限定的第一多个孔和分散在整个沸石材料中的第二多个孔。 合成烃分子的系统还包括催化结构。 合成烃分子的方法包括使氢和一氧化碳和二氧化碳中的至少一种与这种催化结构接触。 催化结构通过至少部分地围绕模板结构形成沸石材料，去除模板结构以及将催化材料引入到沸石材料中来制造。
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7.发明授权Methods of using structures including catalytic materials disposed within porous zeolite materials to synthesize hydrocarbons 有权使用包括设置在多孔沸石材料内的催化材料的结构来合成烃的方法公开(公告)号：US07879749B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-01
申请号：US11464566
申请日：2006-08-15
CPC分类号： B01J29/061 , B01J29/005 , B01J29/035 , B01J29/041 , B01J29/072 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/46 , B01J29/80 , B01J37/0018 , C07C1/20 , C07C2529/46 , C07C2529/84 , C07C2529/85 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/49 , C10G3/50 , C10G2400/20 , C10G2400/22 , Y02P30/40 , C07C11/02
摘要： Catalytic structures include a catalytic material disposed within a zeolite material. The catalytic material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the zeolite material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of hydrocarbon molecules from methanol. The catalytic material may include copper and zinc oxide. The zeolite material may include a first plurality of pores substantially defined by a crystal structure of the zeolite material and a second plurality of pores dispersed throughout the zeolite material. Systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules also include catalytic structures. Methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules include contacting hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with such catalytic structures. Catalytic structures are fabricated by forming a zeolite material at least partially around a template structure, removing the template structure, and introducing a catalytic material into the zeolite material.
摘要翻译： 催化结构包括设置在沸石材料内的催化材料。 催化材料可能能够催化从一氧化碳和/或二氧化碳形成甲醇，并且沸石材料可以能够催化甲醇形成烃分子。 催化材料可以包括铜和氧化锌。 沸石材料可以包括基本上由沸石材料的晶体结构限定的第一多个孔和分散在整个沸石材料中的第二多个孔。 合成烃分子的系统还包括催化结构。 合成烃分子的方法包括使氢和一氧化碳和二氧化碳中的至少一种与这种催化结构接触。 催化结构通过至少部分地围绕模板结构形成沸石材料，去除模板结构以及将催化材料引入到沸石材料中来制造。
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8.发明申请ENHANCEMENT OF ALKYLATION CATALYSTS FOR IMPROVED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID REGENERATION 失效用于改进超临界流体再生的烷基化催化剂的改进公开(公告)号：US20100009842A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-14
申请号：US12498937
申请日：2009-07-07
CPC分类号： C07C2/66 , B01J29/084 , B01J29/18 , B01J29/60 , B01J29/7007 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/009 , B01J2229/10 , B01J2229/38 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A method of modifying an alkylation catalyst to reduce the formation of condensed hydrocarbon species thereon. The method comprises providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a plurality of active sites. The plurality of active sites on the alkylation catalyst may include a plurality of weakly acidic active sites, intermediate acidity active sites, and strongly acidic active sites. A base is adsorbed to a portion of the plurality of active sites, such as the strongly acidic active sites, selectively poisoning the strongly acidic active sites. A method of modifying the alkylation catalyst by providing an alkylation catalyst comprising a pore size distribution that sterically constrains formation of the condensed hydrocarbon species on the alkylation catalyst or by synthesizing the alkylation catalyst to comprise a decreased number of strongly acidic active sites is also disclosed, as is a method of improving a regeneration efficiency of the alkylation catalyst.
摘要翻译： 一种改性烷基化催化剂以减少其上的稠合烃物质形成的方法。 该方法包括提供包含多个活性位点的烷基化催化剂。 烷基化催化剂上的多个活性位点可以包括多个弱酸性活性位点，中间酸性活性位点和强酸性活性位点。 碱被吸附到多个活性位点的一部分，例如强酸性活性位点，选择性地中毒强酸性活性位点。 还公开了通过提供烷基化催化剂来改性烷基化催化剂的方法，所述烷基化催化剂包含空间上约束烷基化催化剂上的稠合烃物质的形成的孔径分布，或通过合成烷基化催化剂以包含减少数量的强酸性活性位点， 以及提高烷基化催化剂的再生效率的方法也是如此。
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9.发明授权Systems including catalysts in porous zeolite materials within a reactor for use in synthesizing hydrocarbons 有权包括在用于合成烃的反应器内的多孔沸石材料中的催化剂的体系公开(公告)号：US08226909B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-24
申请号：US12970689
申请日：2010-12-16
CPC分类号： B01J29/061 , B01J29/005 , B01J29/035 , B01J29/041 , B01J29/072 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/46 , B01J29/80 , B01J37/0018 , C07C1/20 , C07C2529/46 , C07C2529/84 , C07C2529/85 , C10G3/45 , C10G3/47 , C10G3/49 , C10G3/50 , C10G2400/20 , C10G2400/22 , Y02P30/40 , C07C11/02
摘要： Catalytic structures include a catalytic material disposed within a zeolite material. The catalytic material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the zeolite material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of hydrocarbon molecules from methanol. The catalytic material may include copper and zinc oxide. The zeolite material may include a first plurality of pores substantially defined by a crystal structure of the zeolite material and a second plurality of pores dispersed throughout the zeolite material. Systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules also include catalytic structures. Methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules include contacting hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with such catalytic structures. Catalytic structures are fabricated by forming a zeolite material at least partially around a template structure, removing the template structure, and introducing a catalytic material into the zeolite material.
摘要翻译： 催化结构包括设置在沸石材料内的催化材料。 催化材料可能能够催化从一氧化碳和/或二氧化碳形成甲醇，并且沸石材料可以能够催化甲醇形成烃分子。 催化材料可以包括铜和氧化锌。 沸石材料可以包括基本上由沸石材料的晶体结构限定的第一多个孔和分散在整个沸石材料中的第二多个孔。 合成烃分子的系统还包括催化结构。 合成烃分子的方法包括使氢和一氧化碳和二氧化碳中的至少一种与这种催化结构接触。 催化结构通过至少部分地围绕模板结构形成沸石材料，去除模板结构以及将催化材料引入到沸石材料中来制造。
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公开(公告)号：US07592291B2
公开(公告)日：2009-09-22
申请号：US11688930
申请日：2007-03-21
CPC分类号： B01J29/005 , B01J29/035 , B01J29/041 , B01J29/061 , B01J29/072 , B01J29/40 , B01J29/46 , B01J29/80 , B01J37/0018 , C07C1/20 , C07C2529/46 , C07C2529/84 , C07C2529/85 , C10G2/33 , C07C11/02
摘要： A precursor to a catalytic structure comprising zinc oxide and copper oxide. The zinc oxide has a sheet-like morphology or a spherical morphology and the copper oxide comprises particles of copper oxide. The copper oxide is reduced to copper, producing the catalytic structure. The catalytic structure is fabricated by a hydrothermal process. A reaction mixture comprising a zinc salt, a copper salt, a hydroxyl ion source, and a structure-directing agent is formed. The reaction mixture is heated under confined volume conditions to produce the precursor. The copper oxide in the precursor is reduced to copper. A method of hydrogenating a carbon oxide using the catalytic structure is also disclosed, as is a system that includes the catalytic structure.
摘要翻译： 包含氧化锌和氧化铜的催化结构的前体。 氧化锌具有片状形态或球形形态，氧化铜包含氧化铜颗粒。 氧化铜被还原成铜，产生催化结构。 催化结构通过水热法制备。 形成包含锌盐，铜盐，羟基离子源和结构导向剂的反应混合物。 将反应混合物在有限体积条件下加热以产生前体。 前体中的氧化铜还原成铜。 还公开了使用催化结构使碳氧化物氢化的方法，以及包括催化结构的体系。
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