摘要:
A system utilizing the flow cell of the present invention includes a reflectance mode spectrophotometer positioned with respect to the flow cell or a probe. Either the flow cell or the probe has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship with respect to a transparent window. The partition has a predetermined index of refraction and has a thickness dimension that is less than that of the window. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that evanescent coupling of radiation reflected from the liquid into the material of the window is prevented. The spectrophotometer is directs interrogating radiation toward a liquid flowing through the sample chamber and responds to interrogating radiation reflected from the liquid to produce an electrical signal representative of a color property thereof.
摘要:
An apparatus for inspection of fluids having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein enclosed by two light transmitting windows and having a spacer member fixedly positioned therebetween which provides a fluid analysis chamber of fixed pathlength where fluid flows by the windows and preferably wherein the flow laminar and at a uniform shear to provide accurate color measurements. Light transmitting and receiving probes are positioned adjacent to the viewing windows and wherein the faces of each probe are contiguous and flush with the viewing windows but are separated from the flow by the viewing windows, so that transmission measurements can be taken orthogonal to the direction of flow. The apparatus is particularly useful in the manufacture of dispersions and tints used in the manufacture of paints, so that the color of material being made can be accurately matched to a standard color in the wet state with confidence that the color will match in the dry state.
摘要:
A flying toy vehicle includes a fuselage; wings connected with the fuselage, a propulsion device with propeller supported from each wing rearwardly of a leading edge of the wing. A slot extends laterally and vertically through the wing. At least one vertical stabilizer is secured with the fuselage rearwardly of the propeller and the wing; at least one horizontal stabilizer secured with the fuselage and the at least one vertical stabilizer rearwardly of the propeller and the wing. At least a second vertical stabilizer is provided on the wing between a leading edge of the wing and the propeller and at least a third vertical stabilizer is provided on the wing between the slot and the wing trailing edge.
摘要:
A flow cell for measuring the color properties of a liquid flowing therethrough using interrogating radiation at a predetermined wavelength has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship between both a window and a base of the cell. The partition and the window define an air cavity therebetween. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that evanescent coupling of radiation reflected from the liquid into the material of the window is prevented. The cell has a pressurized fluid inflow channel and a pressurized fluid outflow channel formed therein. Each of the inflow and outflow channels communicates with the air cavity. The inflow and outflow channels are sized to pass a pressurized fluid, such as pressurized air, through the air cavity such that, in use, the spaced relationship between the partition and the window is maintained by pressurized fluid in the air cavity. The pressure of the pressurized fluid in the air cavity is determined in accordance with the pressure of the liquid flowing through the cell.
摘要:
A golf swing training apparatus to be used exclusively in the short game of golf to provide a first audible clicking sound when the golfer cocks his wrists and a second audible clicking sound when the golfer releases the club head. The training aid includes a base having a clamping mechanism for attaching the apparatus to the end of the grip of a golf club and a click generating mechanism including a spring having a free end which engages an actuator during the cocking of the wrist and flexes to generate the first audible click and again the second audible click when the flex of the spring relaxes during the release of the club head.
摘要:
A method for measuring a color property of a pressurized flowing liquid under test in a way that mitigates the disruption of light is characterized by contacting the liquid under test is against a transparent partition that is spaced a predetermined distance from a transparent window. The partition has a predetermined index of refraction and has a thickness dimension that is less than that of the window. At least some of the radiation reflected from the liquid undergoes total internal reflection within the partition while, simultaneously, evanescent coupling of that reflected radiation into the material of the window is prevented. The prevention of evanescent coupling into the material of the window is accomplished by: i) disposing a medium having an index of refraction less than that of the partition between the window and the partition, and ii) maintaining the spacing between the window and the partition to a distance not less than three (3) times the wavelength of the interrogating radiation.
摘要:
A probe for measuring a property of a liquid under test using interrogating radiation at a predetermined wavelength includes a housing member having a window transparent to interrogating radiation mounted at a first end thereof. A partition transparent to interrogating radiation is mounted in spaced relationship to the window. The partition being and the window cooperate to define an air cavity therebetween. The spacing between the partition and the window is such that radiation reflected from a liquid disposed in contact with the second surface of the partition is prevented from evanescently coupling into the window such that the reflected radiation undergoes total internal reflection in the partition rather than in the window.