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    X-ray bone densitometry apparatus with variable attenuation, modulation and collimation of penetrating radiation beam
    1.
    发明授权
    X-ray bone densitometry apparatus with variable attenuation, modulation and collimation of penetrating radiation beam 失效
    具有可变衰减，透射辐射束调制和准直的X射线骨密度测量装置

    公开(公告)号：US5835555A

    公开(公告)日：1998-11-10

    申请号：US484489

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Tracy L. Ramsdell

    发明人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Tracy L. Ramsdell

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/04 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/08 ,  G21K1/10 ,  G21K5/10 ,  G21K3/00

    CPC分类号： G21K1/10 ,  A61B6/0421 ,  A61B6/0457 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/08 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/488 ,  A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/548 ,  A61B6/583

    摘要： Radiological apparatus, such as a bone densitometry measurement system, utilizes a penetrating radiation source, such as an x-ray source. The apparatus has a multi-position attenuator mechanism for placement of different attenuating materials in the radiation beam. The mechanism includes a rack of attenuating materials which is translated across the radiation beam path by a drive mechanism, such as a linear motor. The mechanism preferably includes a controller for actuating the drive mechanism in response to operator command and monitoring which attenuating material crosses the beam path by way of position signals generated by a position encoder that is coupled to the controller. This attenuator mechanism allows attenuating materials to be stored within the radiological apparatus, enables operator selection of attenuating materials under automatic machine control and self-alignment of the material relative to the radiation beam. Spectral content and intensity of the penetrating radiation beam is modulated in a known an repeatable pattern by a modulating apparatus. In the preferred embodiment one or more concentric, rotating cylinders are interposed between the x-ray beam and the patient support table. Radiation attenuating materials are arrayed in a radial pattern within the rotating cylinders, so that the beam passes through a plurality of layers of attenuating materials. By controlling relative rotational speed of the rotating cylinders through a closed loop control system, a periodic, repetitive pattern of modulating apparent radiation beam intensity and spectral content can be established. The modulation apparatus is useful for dual-energy radiological scans, such as in bone densitometers.

    摘要翻译： 诸如骨密度测量系统的放射学装置利用穿透辐射源，例如x射线源。 该装置具有用于在辐射束中放置不同衰减材料的多位置衰减器机构。 该机构包括通过诸如线性电动机之类的驱动机构在辐射束路径上平移的衰减材料架。 该机构优选地包括控制器，用于响应于操作员的指令并且监视哪个衰减材料通过耦合到控制器的位置编码器产生的位置信号而横穿光束路径来致动驱动机构。 这种衰减器机构允许衰减的材料被存储在放射学装置内，使得操作者可以在自动机器控制下材料相对于辐射束自动选择衰减材料并进行自对准。 通过调制装置以已知的可重复的图案调制穿透辐射束的光谱含量和强度。 在优选实施例中，一个或多个同心旋转的圆柱体插入在x射线束和患者支撑台之间。 辐射衰减材料以旋转圆柱体内的径向图案排列，使得光束通过多层衰减材料。 通过控制旋转圆柱体的相对旋转速度通过闭环控制系统，可以建立调制表观辐射束强度和光谱含量的周期性重复模式。 调制装置对于双能量放射学扫描是有用的，例如在骨密度计中。

    X-ray bone densitometry system having forearm positioning assembly
    3.
    发明授权
    X-ray bone densitometry system having forearm positioning assembly 失效
    X射线骨密度测定系统具有前臂定位组件

    公开(公告)号：US5657369A

    公开(公告)日：1997-08-12

    申请号：US428044

    申请日：1995-04-25

    申请人： Jay A. Stein ,  Steven Teta ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Tracy L. Ramsdell ,  Tina LeFebvre ,  Russell J. Gershman

    发明人： Jay A. Stein ,  Steven Teta ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Tracy L. Ramsdell ,  Tina LeFebvre ,  Russell J. Gershman

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/04 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/08 ,  G21K1/10 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/00

    CPC分类号： A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/0421 ,  A61B6/0457 ,  A61B6/08 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/488 ,  A61B6/505 ,  G21K1/10 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/548 ,  A61B6/583

    摘要： An x-ray bone densitometry system having an apparatus for positioning body parts is provided. The system includes a patient table having a length extending along a Y-axis and a width extending along an X-axis, a C-arm supporting an x-ray source at one side and an x-ray detector at an opposite side of the table, wherein the source and detector are aligned along a source-detector axis which is transverse to the Y-axis. The source is selectively energized and emits a fan beam of x-rays which conforms to a beam plane which is transverse to the Y-axis and contains the source-detector axis. A forearm positioner is removably supported on the table and includes an arm rest portion positioned at a selected distance along the X-axis from an edge of the table. A hand supporting member is configured to fit within the arm rest portion to maintain the position of a patient's hand in a predetermined shape when the source is energized.

    摘要翻译： 提供了具有用于定位身体部位的装置的x射线骨密度测定系统。 该系统包括具有沿着Y轴延伸的长度和沿X轴延伸的宽度的患者台，支撑一侧的x射线源的C形臂和在一侧的X射线检测器 表格，其中源和检测器沿着横向于Y轴的源 - 检测器轴对齐。 源被选择性地通电并且发射符合垂直于Y轴并且包含源检测器轴线的束平面的X射线的扇形束。 前臂定位器可移除地支撑在工作台上，并且包括从桌子的边缘沿着X轴定位在选定距离的扶手部分。 手部支撑构件配置成装配在扶手部分内，以在源被激励时将患者的手的位置保持在预定的形状。

    Ultrasonic bone testing apparatus with repeatable positioning and repeatable coupling
    4.
    发明授权
    Ultrasonic bone testing apparatus with repeatable positioning and repeatable coupling 失效
    超声波骨测试仪具有重复定位和可重复耦合

    公开(公告)号：US6004272A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-21

    申请号：US477580

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Daniel W. Hawkins ,  Dennis G. Lamser ,  John P. O'Brien ,  Jay A. Stein ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    发明人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Daniel W. Hawkins ,  Dennis G. Lamser ,  John P. O'Brien ,  Jay A. Stein ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    IPC分类号： A61B8/00 ,  A61B5/107 ,  A61B8/08

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1074 ,  A61B8/0875

    摘要： An ultrasonic bone testing apparatus has a foot well assembly and a shin guide assembly which are mechanically coupled to secure a foot and lower leg of patient. The shin guide assembly includes a molded form lined with contoured foam lining. An instep support guide having sliding blocks is mounted on the molded form. The sliding blocks attach the shin guide assembly to the foot well assembly. The apparatus further includes a transducer drive mechanism for positioning a pair of transducer assemblies. A controller automatically modifies the positioning of the transducer assemblies until ultrasonic coupling is achieved and a receiving transducer receives a signal of a predetermined quality. The distance between the transducers is continuously measured by a position encoder. The controller uses temperature readings from a temperature sensor to improve the accuracy of the position encoder measurements and correct for temperature dependent inaccuracy in the ultrasound measurement. A coupling pad and acoustical delay line of the transducer assembly provide a waveguide function to collimate an acoustical beam. The elastomer coupling pad has an angled surface which expels air bubbles from a contact area when pressure is applied to the pad.

    摘要翻译： 一种超声波骨测试装置具有脚部组件和一个机械联接以固定患者的脚和小腿的引导组件。 胫骨导向组件包括一个内衬有轮廓的泡沫衬里的模制形式。 具有滑块的脚背支撑引导件安装在模制形式上。 滑动块将引导组件附接到脚部组件。 该装置还包括用于定位一对换能器组件的换能器驱动机构。 控制器自动修改换能器组件的定位，直到实现超声波耦合并且接收换能器接收到预定质量的信号。 换能器之间的距离由位置编码器连续测量。 控制器使用温度传感器的温度读数来提高位置编码器测量的精度，并校正超声测量中与温度有关的不准确度。 换能器组件的耦合垫和声学延迟线提供用于准直声波束的波导功能。 弹性体联接垫具有成角度的表面，当压力施加到垫时，其从接触区域排出气泡。

    Ultrasonic bone testing apparatus with repeatable positioning and repeatable coupling
    5.
    发明授权
    Ultrasonic bone testing apparatus with repeatable positioning and repeatable coupling 有权
    超声波骨测试仪具有重复定位和可重复耦合

    公开(公告)号：US6135964A

    公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

    申请号：US374138

    申请日：1999-08-10

    申请人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Daniel W. Hawkins ,  Dennis G. Lamser ,  John P. O'Brien ,  Jay A. Stein ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    发明人： Donald Barry ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  Daniel W. Hawkins ,  Dennis G. Lamser ,  John P. O'Brien ,  Jay A. Stein ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    IPC分类号： A61B8/00 ,  A61B5/107 ,  A61B8/08

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1074 ,  A61B8/0875

    摘要： An ultrasonic bone testing apparatus has a foot well assembly and a shin guide assembly which are mechanically coupled to secure a foot and lower leg of patient during the measurement process. The shin guide assembly includes a molded form which has a shin restraint section, an instep guide section and a foot restraint section. An instep support guide having sliding blocks is mounted on the molded form. The sliding blocks are inserted into respective channels of respective bridge brackets of the foot well assembly to attach the shin guide assembly to the foot well assembly. The apparatus further includes a transducer drive mechanism for positioning a pair of transducer assemblies. A controller automatically modifies the positioning of the transducer assemblies until ultrasonic coupling is achieved and a receiving transducer receives a signal of a predetermined quality. A coupling pad and acoustical delay line of the transducer assembly provide a waveguide function to collimate an acoustical beam a sufficient distance along a propagation axis to allow wavefronts to evolve onto a more uniform intensity pattern. The elastomer coupling pad has an angled surface which expels air bubbles from a contact area when pressure is applied to the pad.

    摘要翻译： 超声骨测试装置具有脚部组件和引导组件，其在测量过程中机械联接以固定患者的脚和小腿。 引导组件包括具有胫部约束部分，脚背引导部分和脚部约束部分的模制形式。 具有滑块的脚背支撑引导件安装在模制形式上。 将滑动块插入到足部井组件的相应桥架支架的相应通道中，以将胫骨引导组件附接到脚部组件。 该装置还包括用于定位一对换能器组件的换能器驱动机构。 控制器自动修改换能器组件的定位，直到实现超声波耦合并且接收换能器接收到预定质量的信号。 换能器组件的耦合垫和声学延迟线提供了波导功能，以沿着传播轴线对声束进行校准足够的距离，以允许波前演化成更均匀的强度图案。 弹性体联接垫具有成角度的表面，当压力施加到垫时，其从接触区域排出气泡。

    Compact cogeneration system
    7.
    发明授权
    Compact cogeneration system 失效
    紧凑型热电联产系统

    公开(公告)号：US5033264A

    公开(公告)日：1991-07-23

    申请号：US367383

    申请日：1989-06-16

    申请人： Richard E. Cabral

    发明人： Richard E. Cabral

    IPC分类号： F01N3/28 ,  F01N5/02 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F02G5/02 ,  F02G5/04

    CPC分类号： F01N3/28 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/2889 ,  F01N5/02 ,  F02G5/02 ,  F02G5/04 ,  Y02E20/14 ,  Y02T10/16 ,  Y02T10/166

    摘要： A compact cogeneration system in which a catalytic converter is positioned within otherwise unused space in an exhaust gas heat exchanger employed to heat water. Exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine of a packaged cogeneration system are directed through a single- or two-stage catalytic converter in a central cylindrical housing of the heat exchanger, then are diverted to pass in counterflow over a water-containing coil in an annulus surrounding the housing.

    摘要翻译： 一种紧凑型热电联产系统，其中催化转化器位于用于加热水的排气热交换器中的未使用的空间内。 来自封装热电联产系统的内燃机的废气通过单级或两级催化转化器引导到热交换器的中心圆柱形壳体中，然后被转向在逆流中通过环形空气中的含水线圈 周围的房屋。

    X-ray bone densitometry apparatus
    8.
    发明授权
    X-ray bone densitometry apparatus 失效
    X射线骨密度测定装置

    公开(公告)号：US06217214B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-17

    申请号：US08968777

    申请日：1997-11-10

    申请人： Richard E. Cabral ,  Russell J. Gershman

    发明人： Richard E. Cabral ,  Russell J. Gershman

    IPC分类号： A61B604

    CPC分类号： G21K1/10 ,  A61B6/0421 ,  A61B6/0457 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/08 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/488 ,  A61B6/505 ,  A61B6/548 ,  A61B6/583

    摘要： Radiological apparatus, such as bone densitometry measurement systems that utilize a penetrating radiation source, such as an x-ray source is provided. The apparatus includes a patient table with a length extending along a Y-axis and a width extending along an X-axis and a C-arm supporting, for example, an x-ray source at one side of the table and an x-ray detector at an opposite side of the table such that the source and detector are aligned along a source-detector axis. The source is energized to emit a fan beam of x-rays which conform to a beam plane which is transverse to the Y-axis and contains the source-detector axis. Either, or both, the C-arm or the table are selectively movable relative to the other along the X-axis, along the Y-axis, and along a Z-axis which is transverse to both the X-axis and the Y-axis, so that selected regions of a patient on the table can be selectively scanned with the fan beam of X-rays. In addition, the C-arm is selectively rotatable around a rotational axis extending along the Y-axis to selectively change the angle of the fan beam relative to a patient on the table.

    摘要翻译： 提供放射学装置，例如利用穿透性辐射源（例如x射线源）的骨密度测量系统。 该装置包括具有沿着Y轴延伸的长度和沿X轴延伸的宽度的患者台，以及支撑例如桌子一侧的x射线源的C形臂以及X射线 检测器在工作台的相对侧，使得源和检测器沿着源检测器轴对准。 源被激励以发射符合横向于Y轴并且包含源检测器轴线的束平面的X射线的扇形束。 C形臂或台面中的任一个或两者可沿Y轴沿着X轴相对于另一个选择性地移动，并且沿着横向于X轴和Y轴的Z轴可选择地移动， 使得可以用X射线的扇形束选择性地扫描台上的患者的选定区域。 此外，C形臂可围绕沿着Y轴延伸的旋转轴线选择性地旋转，以选择性地改变风扇梁相对于桌子上的患者的角度。

    Portable X-ray bone densitometry system
    9.
    发明授权
    Portable X-ray bone densitometry system 失效
    便携式X光骨密度测定系统

    公开(公告)号：US6059455A

    公开(公告)日：2000-05-09

    申请号：US484572

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： Richard E. Cabral

    发明人： Richard E. Cabral

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  A61B6/04 ,  A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/08 ,  G21K1/10 ,  G21K5/10 ,  H05G1/02

    CPC分类号： A61B6/06 ,  A61B6/0421 ,  A61B6/0457 ,  A61B6/08 ,  A61B6/4405 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/488 ,  A61B6/505 ,  G21K1/10 ,  A61B6/405

    摘要： A portable x-ray bone densitometry system is suitable for transportation between rooms of a medical facility through generally standard doorways. The system has a base portion capable of rolling ambulation by at least one human operator during transportation and selective stabilization on a floor for patient scanning. The apparatus has a patient table extending parallel to a Y-axis of an XYZ coordinate system for supporting a patient at a patient position. The patient table includes a central portion coupled with the base portion, and at least one table leaf coupled with the table central portion, for extending table length parallel to the Y-axis. The apparatus also has a source-detector support coupled with the base portion; an x-ray source, coupled with the source-detector support, for emitting a beam of x-rays to irradiate at any one time a scan line which is transverse to the Y-axis; and an x-ray detector, coupled with the source-detector support arm in alignment with the source at opposite sides of the patient table along a source-detector axis which is transverse to the Y-axis, for receiving x-rays from the source after passage thereof through the patient position. A scanning mechanism moves at least one of the patient table and the source-detector support relative to the other to scan the patient position with the x-ray beam. The patient table may have a pair of leaves attached to the central portion with hinges at opposite ends thereof.

    摘要翻译： 便携式X射线骨密度测定系统适用于通过标准门口进行医疗设施间的运输。 该系统具有基座部分，其能够在运输期间由至少一个人操作者进行行走，并且在用于病人扫描的地板上选择性地稳定。 该装置具有平行于XYZ坐标系的Y轴延伸的患者台，用于将患者支撑在患者位置。 患者台包括与基部连接的中心部分，以及与桌子中心部分联接的至少一个台面叶片，用于延伸平行于Y轴的桌子长度。 该装置还具有与基部耦合的源检测器支架; 与源检测器支撑件耦合的x射线源，用于发射一束x射线，以在任何一次照射横向于Y轴的扫描线; 以及x射线检测器，其与沿着横向于Y轴的源 - 检测器轴线的源检测器支撑臂与患者台的相对侧处的源对准，用于从源极接收X射线 在通过患者位置之后。 扫描机构相对于另一个移动患者台和源检测器支架中的至少一个，以用X射线束扫描患者位置。 患者台可以具有一对叶片，其附连到中心部分，铰链在其相对端。

    Bone densitometry using x-ray imaging systems
    10.
    发明授权
    Bone densitometry using x-ray imaging systems 失效
    使用x射线成像系统的骨密度测定

    公开(公告)号：US5949846A

    公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

    申请号：US794615

    申请日：1997-02-03

    申请人： Jay A. Stein ,  Howard P. Weiss ,  Vincent E. Quinn ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  John A. Shepherd ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    发明人： Jay A. Stein ,  Howard P. Weiss ,  Vincent E. Quinn ,  Richard E. Cabral ,  John A. Shepherd ,  Kevin E. Wilson

    IPC分类号： A61B6/00 ,  G01N23/00

    CPC分类号： A61B6/505

    摘要： A method of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of a selected region of bone in a small body portion (such as a limb or extremity), using a mini C-arm x-ray fluoroscopic imaging system to acquire the data from which the BMD is calculated. Apparatus for performing the method includes a tray for positioning the small body portion in the x-ray beam path of the imaging system and a sample of bone of predetermined density supported by the tray in side-by-side relation to the selected region of bone.

    摘要翻译： 使用小型C型臂X射线透视成像系统来测量小体部（例如肢体或肢体）中骨骼的选定区域的骨矿物质密度（BMD）的方法，以获取BMD 被计算。 用于执行该方法的装置包括用于将小体部分定位在成像系统的x射线束路径中的托盘和由托盘支撑的预定密度的骨样品与所选择的骨区域并排关系 。