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1.发明授权System for gated detection of optical pulses containing a small number of photons using an avalanche photodiode 有权用于使用雪崩光电二极管包含少量光子的光脉冲进行门控检测的系统公开(公告)号：US06218657B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09172759
申请日：1998-10-15
申请人： Donald S. Bethune , Ralph G. Devoe , Christian Kurtsiefer , Charles T. Rettner , William P. Risk
发明人： Donald S. Bethune , Ralph G. Devoe , Christian Kurtsiefer , Charles T. Rettner , William P. Risk
IPC分类号： H01J4014
CPC分类号： G01J1/46
摘要： An avalanche-type detector circuit includes an avalanche-type photon detector device, a coupling capacitor, a bias network, a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The coupling capacitor has a first terminal that is coupled to a first terminal of the avalanche-type photon detector device. A first terminal of the bias network is coupled to the first terminal of the avalanche-type photon detector device, while a second terminal of the bias network is coupled to a bias voltage so that the avalanche-type photon detector device is reverse biased. A first end of the first transmission line is coupled to a second terminal of the coupling capacitor, and second end of the first transmission line is terminated by an open-circuit termination. A first end of the second transmission line is coupled to a second terminal of the avalanche-type photon detector device. The second end of the second transmission line is terminated by a short-circuit termination. A bias pulse voltage Vpulse is coupled to the second terminal of the coupling capacitor such that the bias pulse voltage reverse biases the avalanche-type photon detector device to be greater than a reverse breakdown voltage Vbr of the avalanche-type photon detector device during a duration of the bias pulse voltage Vpulse. A round-trip propagation delay along the first transmission line is substantially equal to a round-trip propagation delay along the second transmission line.
摘要翻译： 雪崩型检测器电路包括雪崩型光子检测器装置，耦合电容器，偏置网络，第一传输线和第二传输线。 耦合电容器具有耦合到雪崩型光子检测器装置的第一端子的第一端子。 偏置网络的第一端子耦合到雪崩型光子检测器装置的第一端子，而偏置网络的第二端子耦合到偏置电压，使得雪崩型光子检测器装置被反向偏置。 第一传输线的第一端耦合到耦合电容器的第二端，并且第一传输线的第二端由开路端接终止。 第二传输线的第一端耦合到雪崩型光子检测器装置的第二端。 第二传输线的第二端由短路端接终止。 偏置脉冲电压Vpulse耦合到耦合电容器的第二端子，使得偏置脉冲电压在雪橇型光子检测器装置的持续时间内将雪崩型光子检测器装置反向偏置为大于雪崩型光子检测器装置的反向击穿电压Vbr 的偏置脉冲电压Vpulse。 沿着第一传输线的往返传播延迟基本上等于沿着第二传输线的往返传播延迟。
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公开(公告)号：US5224193A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US585441
申请日：1990-09-20
申请人： William P. Risk
发明人： William P. Risk
摘要： A first section of a waveguide channel is made of a nonlinear crystal material. A second section of the waveguide has a plurality of diverging channels. Each of the diverging channels is of a width which supports one of the modes of second harmonic generated light from the first section. First order mode second harmonic light is obtained at the end of one of the diverging channels.
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公开(公告)号：US5048047A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US582286
申请日：1990-09-12
CPC分类号： H01S3/094
摘要： Pump laser light is focused into a solid state laser material. A resonator is positioned around the laser material. The resonator is comprised of reflectors which have high reflectivity at both the pump light frequency and the solid state laser light frequency. The resonator is impedance matched to the pump laser. The pump light resonates inside the solid state laser material until practically all of it is absorbed.
摘要翻译： 泵浦激光聚焦成固体激光材料。 谐振器位于激光材料周围。 谐振器由在泵浦光频率和固态激光频率两者都具有高反射率的反射器组成。 谐振器与泵浦激光器阻抗匹配。 泵浦光在固态激光材料内部共振，直到几乎全部被吸收。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4872738A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-10
申请号：US830461
申请日：1986-02-18
申请人： William P. Risk , Gordon S. Kino
发明人： William P. Risk , Gordon S. Kino
CPC分类号： G02F1/0134
摘要： An acoustic wave is propagated colinearly with the optical signals in an optical fiber to cause coupling of an optical signal in one propagation mode of the optical fiber to the other propagation mode in the optical fiber. The acoustic wave is selected to have an acoustic wave length which is shorter in the direction of optical propagation than the optical beat length between the two propagation modes of the fiber. In order to cause phase-matching between the two optical propagation modes, a periodic structure is used to cause the acoustic wave to contact the optical fiber at periodic locations so that the coupling between the two propagation modes is periodically enabled and disabled. The periodic contact of the acoustic wave with the optical fiber has the effect of adding a spatial propagation constant. The periodicity of the periodic structure is selected so that the spatial propagation constant of the periodic structure is equal to the mismatch in the propagation constants of the two optical propagation modes and the acoustic wave. The present invention thereby provides a means of obtaining greater shifts in the optical frequency while using a colinearly propagating acoustic wave.
摘要翻译： 声波与光纤中的光信号共线传播，以使光纤的一种传播模式中的光信号与光纤中的另一传播模式耦合。 声波被选择为具有在光传播方向上比在光纤的两种传播模式之间的光拍长度更短的声波长度。 为了引起两个光传播模式之间的相位匹配，使用周期性结构使声波在周期性位置处接触光纤，使得两个传播模式之间的耦合被周期性地启用和禁用。 声波与光纤的周期性接触具有增加空间传播常数的作用。 选择周期性结构的周期性使得周期性结构的空间传播常数等于两个光传播模式和声波的传播常数的失配。 因此，本发明提供了一种在使用共线传播的声波时获得更大的光频偏移的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4793676A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-27
申请号：US142348
申请日：1987-12-23
申请人： William P. Risk
发明人： William P. Risk
CPC分类号： G02F1/0134
摘要： A fiber optic amplitude modulator couples light between two orthogonal polarization codes of a birefringent fiber. Dynamic coupling is caused by applying synchronized acoustic surface waves to the birefringent fiber in a direction normal to the fiber axis. A static biasing force is applied across the fiber to statically couple apparoximately 50% of the light input to one polarization mode into the other polarization mode. The additional force caused by the acoustic waves causes the fraction of coupled power to vary about the coupling caused by the static force.
摘要翻译： 光纤幅度调制器将光耦合在双折射光纤的两个正交偏振码之间。 通过在垂直于光纤轴的方向上将同步的声表面波应用于双折射光纤引起动态耦合。 在光纤两端施加静态偏置力，将大约50％的光输入静态耦合到一个偏振模式到另一个偏振模式。 由声波引起的附加力导致耦合功率的分数随着静力引起的耦合而变化。
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公开(公告)号：US5394414A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US069312
申请日：1993-05-28
CPC分类号： G02F1/37 , G02F2001/3542
摘要： A laser system uses a nonlinear crystal ring resonator to produce Type II nonlinear second harmonic generated light. The reflective surfaces of the resonator are oriented to form two closed beam paths for the two fundamental frequency light beams having different orthogonal polarization. The two beam paths overlap along one segment which is parallel to an axis of the nonlinear crystal. Second harmonic generated light is produced along this segment of the beam paths.
摘要翻译： 激光系统使用非线性晶体振荡器来产生II型非线性二次谐波产生光。 谐振器的反射表面被定向以形成具有不同正交极化的两个基频光束的两个闭合光束路径。 两个光束路径沿着与非线性晶体的轴平行的一个段重叠。 沿着光束路径的这一段产生二次谐波产生的光。
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公开(公告)号：US5038352A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-06
申请号：US612721
申请日：1990-11-13
申请人： Wilfried Lenth , William P. Risk
发明人： Wilfried Lenth , William P. Risk
CPC分类号： H01S5/141 , G02F1/37 , G02F2001/3542 , H01S3/08059 , H01S3/082 , H01S3/109 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/0687 , H01S5/142
摘要： A laser diode with a low reflectivity output facet provides infrared light to a nonlinear crystal resonator such that a portion of the infrared light is converted to blue light. A mirror is located on the opposite side of the nonlinear crystal resonator from the laser. The mirror allows the blue light to pass, but reflects the infrared light exiting the resonator back through the resonator and into the laser diode. The laser diode is thereby locked at the resonance frequency of the nonlinear crystal resonator.
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公开(公告)号：US4781425A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-01
申请号：US830457
申请日：1966-02-18
申请人： William P. Risk , Gordon S. Kino
发明人： William P. Risk , Gordon S. Kino
CPC分类号： G02B6/29302 , G01J3/447 , G01J9/00 , G02B6/105 , G02F1/0134 , G01J3/1256 , G02B6/2713 , G02B6/274 , G02B6/2766
摘要： An acousto-optic frequency shifter having a long interaction region is used as an optical analyzer. A variable frequency signal generator is used to drive an acoustic transducer to launch an acoustic wave in contact with an optical fiber. The acoustic frequency is varied over a known range to generate acoustic waves having known wavelengths. An optical signal having an unknown optical wavelength is introduced into one end of the optical fiber in a first polarization mode. The effect of the acoustic wave on the optical signal is to cause coupling of the optical signal from the first polarization mode to a second orthogonal polarization mode. The amount of the coupling is dependent upon the phase-matching between the acoustic wavelength and the optical beat length. The coupling between the polarization modes is maximum when the acoustic wavelength is equal to the optical beat length. The intensity of the optical signal coupled to the second polarization mode can be measured to determine the optical wavelength corresponding to the acoustic wavelength when the maximum intensity occurs.
摘要翻译： 使用具有长相互作用区域的声光移频器作为光学分析器。 可变频率信号发生器用于驱动声换能器以发射与光纤接触的声波。 声频在已知范围内变化以产生具有已知波长的声波。 具有未知光波长的光信号以第一偏振模式被引入光纤的一端。 声波对光信号的影响是使来自第一偏振模式的光信号耦合到第二正交偏振模式。 耦合的量取决于声波长和光学拍子长度之间的相位匹配。 当声波长等于光拍长度时，极化模式之间的耦合是最大的。 可以测量耦合到第二偏振模式的光信号的强度，以确定当发生最大强度时对应于声波长的光波长。
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公开(公告)号：US5095491A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-10
申请号：US685306
申请日：1991-04-12
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , G02F1/37 , G11B7/125 , H01S3/083 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/109 , H01S5/068 , H01S5/0683 , H01S5/0687
CPC分类号： G02F1/37 , G02F2001/3542 , H01S5/0683 , H01S5/0687
摘要： A laser system uses a nonlinear ring resonator to produce Type-II nonlinear second harmonic generated light. The reflective surfaces of the resonator are all symmetrical with respect to the crystal axes. This allows orthogonally polarized light to be resonated along the same beampath in the resonator without experiencing bireflection.
摘要翻译： 激光系统使用非线性环形谐振器来产生II型非线性二次谐波产生的光。 谐振器的反射表面都相对于晶体轴对称。 这允许正交偏振光沿谐振器中的相同波形谐振而不经历双折射。
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公开(公告)号：US5084840A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-28
申请号：US673878
申请日：1991-03-22
IPC分类号： H01S3/094
CPC分类号： H01S3/094 , H01S3/0627 , H01S3/083 , H01S3/094084
摘要： Pump laser light is focused into a solid state laser material. A resonator is positioned around the laser material. The resonator is comprised of reflectors which have high reflectivity at both the pump light frequency and the solid state laser light frequency. The resonator is impedance matched to the pump laser. The pump light resonates inside the solid state laser material until practically all of it is absorbed.
摘要翻译： 泵浦激光聚焦成固体激光材料。 谐振器位于激光材料周围。 谐振器由在泵浦光频率和固态激光频率两者都具有高反射率的反射器组成。 谐振器与泵浦激光器阻抗匹配。 泵浦光在固态激光材料内部共振，直到几乎全部被吸收。
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