公开(公告)号：US07942248B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-17

申请号：US10334200

申请日：2002-12-31

申请人： Kenneth A. St. Clair ,  Kenneth R. Boone ,  Douglas E. Ivers

发明人： Kenneth A. St. Clair ,  Kenneth R. Boone ,  Douglas E. Ivers

IPC分类号： F16F9/53

CPC分类号： B60N2/501 ,  B60N2/502 ,  B60N2/505 ,  B60N2/508 ,  B60N2/522 ,  B60N2/527 ,  F16F9/46 ,  F16F9/48 ,  F16F9/58 ,  F16F2230/08

摘要： A damper device comprising a first mode having a first level of damping, a second mode having a second level of damping corresponding to a predetermined function, a sensor system having a first output corresponding to a normal position and a second output corresponding to an end stop approaching position, and a control system operable for receiving the first output and the second output and executing the first mode and the second mode. The damper device is operable in the first mode when the control system receives the first output and is operable in the second mode when the control system receives the second output. A controllable suspension system comprising a damper device, a magnetic probe, a sensor system comprising at least one position sensor operable for sensing the position of the magnetic probe, and a control system electronically connected to the sensor system and the damper device, wherein the control system is operable for receiving an output from the sensor system and executing a predetermined function to control the damper device. Electric signals are supplied to the damper device from the control system during system operation to provide damping sufficient to prevent end stop collisions.

摘要翻译： 一种阻尼器装置，包括具有第一阻尼水平的第一模式，具有对应于预定功能的第二阻尼级别的第二模式，具有对应于正常位置的第一输出的传感器系统和对应于终点的第二输出 以及可操作以接收第一输出和第二输出并执行第一模式和第二模式的控制系统。 当控制系统接收到第一输出并且当控制系统接收到第二输出时，阻尼器装置可在第一模式中操作，并且在第二模式中可操作。 一种可控制的悬挂系统，包括阻尼装置，磁探针，传感器系统，其包括至少一个位置传感器，可操作以检测磁探针的位置;以及控制系统，其电连接到传感器系统和阻尼装置，其中控制 系统可操作用于接收来自传感器系统的输出并执行预定功能以控制阻尼装置。 在系统运行期间，电气信号从控制系统提供给阻尼器装置，以提供足够的阻尼，以防止停止碰撞。

公开(公告)号：US6158470A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-12

申请号：US502998

申请日：2000-02-11

申请人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  J. David Carlson ,  Mark R. Jolly ,  Michael J. Chrzan ,  Donald R. Prindle ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  J. David Carlson ,  Mark R. Jolly ,  Michael J. Chrzan ,  Donald R. Prindle ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： F16F9/46 ,  F16F9/516 ,  F16F9/53 ,  F16F13/30 ,  F16K31/02

CPC分类号： F16F9/46 ,  F16F13/305 ,  F16F9/535 ,  Y10S137/909

摘要： A controllable valve assembly (18) applicable in Magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices (20), such as MR mounts and MR dampers. The valve assembly (18) includes a valve body (32) having a magnetic circuit (40) contained therein which carries magnetic flux .phi., a controllable passageway (42) within the magnetic circuit (40), a MR (magnetically controlled) fluid (44) including soft-magnetic particles in a liquid carrier contained in the controllable passageway (42), a magnetic flux generator, such as a wound wire coil (46), generating magnetic flux .phi. which is directed through the MR fluid (44) in the controllable passageway (42) thereby generating "rheology" changes causing restriction in flow of MR fluid (44) therethrough. In one aspect, a one-way check valve (34) is operative with a passive passageway (36) which is arranged in parallel relationship to the controllable passageway (42) provides "asymmetric" damping across the controllable valve (18) creating higher pressure differentials in a first direction and a lower in a second direction without "rapidly switching" the current to the coil (46). In another aspect, "asymmetric" damping is provided by a "changeable gap" formed by a moveable wall portion of the controllable passageway (42). In a third aspect, a first controllable passageway provides controllable flow in a first direction and a second controllable passageway provides controllable flow in a second direction, thereby provide "asymmetry." In a fourth aspect, "asymmetry" is provides by a "variable magnetic short" which changes magnetic circuit reluctance dependent on flow direction.

摘要翻译： 一种可应用于磁流变（MR）流体装置（20）的可控阀组件（18），例如MR安装座和MR阻尼器。 阀组件（18）包括阀体（32），其具有容纳磁通phi的磁路（40），磁路（40）内的可控通路（42），MR（磁控制）流体 44），包括在可控通道（42）中的液体载体中的软磁性颗粒，诸如绕线线圈（46）的磁通量产生器，其产生通过MR流体（44）引导的磁通量phi 可控通道（42）从而产生“流变学”变化，从而限制MR流体（44）的流动。 在一个方面，单向止回阀（34）与被动通道（36）一起操作，被动通道（36）与可控通道（42）平行地布置，提供横跨可控阀（18）的“非对称”阻尼，从而产生更高的压力 在不使“电流”快速切换到线圈（46）的情况下，在第一方向和第二方向上的差分。 另一方面，通过由可控通路（42）的可动壁部分形成的“可变间隙”来提供“不对称”阻尼。 在第三方面，第一可控通道在第一方向上提供可控制的流动，第二可控通道在第二方向上提供可控制的流动，从而提供“不对称”。 在第四方面，通过根据流动方向改变磁路磁阻的“可变磁短路”来提供“不对称”。

公开(公告)号：US06311110B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09335320

申请日：1999-06-17

申请人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： B60G2300

CPC分类号： B60G17/018 ,  B60G7/04 ,  B60G2400/202 ,  B60G2400/206 ,  B60G2400/252 ,  B60G2400/60 ,  B60G2400/91 ,  B60G2500/10 ,  B60G2600/02 ,  B60G2600/182 ,  B60G2800/012 ,  B60G2800/24 ,  B60G2800/912 ,  F16F9/48 ,  F16F15/00 ,  G05B13/024

摘要： An Adaptive Off-state (AO) control method (55) for use in conjunction with a suspension system (10) including a controllable damper (22) interconnecting relatively moveable members (12, 14) to reduce the transmission of vibrational forces therebetween. Such suspension systems (10) are switchable between alternative on- and an off-state in accordance with a primary control method (53) and/or a secondary override control method (59). Sensors (48, 52) monitor the parameters of the suspension system (10), such as the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the moveable members (12, 14). Damper command signals (107) are provided to the damper (22) in the on-state (116) to adjust the damping characteristics thereof. In the off-state, the damping signal in conventional systems is approximately zero or a constant relatively low magnitude. According to the present adaptive off-state control method (55), the off-state damping signal (109) to the controllable damper (22) is modulated over time to make the off-state damping a function of the system inputs. In a preferred embodiment, the modulation is a function of the real time or time-averaged input disturbances to the system (10). In an alternative embodiment, the modulation is derived from a user switch (57) that imparts a user variable Off-State Gain (OSG) to the off-state damping signal (109) based on operator perceived ride characteristics.

摘要翻译： 一种与悬挂系统（10）结合使用的自适应关闭状态（AO）控制方法（55），所述悬架系统包括互连相对可移动构件（12,14）的可控阻尼器（22），以减少其间的振动力传递。 根据主要控制方法（53）和/或次要超控控制方法（59），这种悬挂系统（10）可在替代的开和关状态之间切换。 传感器（48,52）监测悬架系统（10）的参数，例如可移动构件（12,14）的位移，速度和加速度。 阻尼器指令信号（107）在接通状态（116）中被提供给阻尼器（22）以调节其阻尼特性。 在关闭状态下，常规系统中的阻尼信号近似为零或恒定相对较低的幅度。 根据本自适应截止状态控制方法（55），随着时间的推移，对可控制阻尼器22的关态阻尼信号（109）进行调制，使截止状态阻尼成为系统输入的功能。 在优选实施例中，调制是系统（10）的实时或时间平均输入干扰的函数。 在替代实施例中，调制是从用户开关（57）导出的，用户开关（57）基于操作者感知到的乘坐特性将用户变量关闭状态增益（OSG）赋予关闭状态阻尼信号（109）。

公开(公告)号：US20100109276A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-06

申请号：US12610690

申请日：2009-11-02

申请人： ROBERT H. MARJORAM ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： ROBERT H. MARJORAM ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： B60G11/46 ,  B60G17/018 ,  B23P17/00

CPC分类号： F16F9/064 ,  B60G99/002 ,  B60G99/008 ,  F16F9/362 ,  F16F9/535 ,  F16F13/002 ,  Y10T29/494

摘要： A controllable suspension system for controlling the relative motion between a first body and a second body includes at least one strut including a magneto-rheological fluid damper. The fluid damper includes a piston rod guide disposed within a damper body. The piston rod guide has a passage therein for receiving a piston rod. A piston rod bearing assembly is disposed in the piston rod guide to engage with and support reciprocal motion of the piston rod. At least a first piston rod seal and at least a second piston rod seal are arranged to seal between the piston rod guide and the piston rod. A fluid chamber is defined between the piston rod guide and the piston rod. A piston rod guide gas charged accumulator is arranged between the piston rod and the damper body.

摘要翻译： 用于控制第一主体和第二主体之间的相对运动的可控悬架系统包括至少一个包括磁流变流体阻尼器的支柱。 流体阻尼器包括设置在阻尼体内的活塞杆导向件。 活塞杆导向件在其中具有用于容纳活塞杆的通道。 活塞杆轴承组件设置在活塞杆导向件中以与活塞杆接合并支撑活塞杆的往复运动。 至少第一活塞杆密封件和至少第二活塞杆密封件被布置成在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间进行密封。 在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间限定一个流体室。 在活塞杆和阻尼体之间设有一个活塞杆引导气充入蓄能器。

公开(公告)号：US08322497B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-04

申请号：US12610648

申请日：2009-11-02

申请人： Robert H. Marjoram ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： Robert H. Marjoram ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： F16F15/03

CPC分类号： F16F9/064 ,  B60G99/002 ,  B60G99/008 ,  B60G2300/07 ,  B60G2600/184 ,  F16F9/535 ,  F16F13/002

摘要： A magneto-rheological fluid damper includes a damper body having a reservoir for a magneto-rheological fluid, a piston rod, a piston rod guide disposed within the damper body, where the piston rod guide has a passage therein for receiving the piston rod. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes at least a first piston rod seal and at least a second piston rod seal arranged to seal between the piston rod guide and the piston rod. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes a fluid chamber defined between the piston rod guide and the piston rod, the fluid chamber being in communication with the reservoir. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes a piston rod guide filter arranged in a communication path between the fluid chamber and the reservoir to filter particulates out of the magneto-rheological fluid entering the fluid chamber. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes an accumulator arranged between the piston rod guide and the damper body.

摘要翻译： 磁流变流体阻尼器包括具有用于磁流变流体的储存器的阻尼器主体，活塞杆，设置在阻尼器主体内的活塞杆引导件，其中活塞杆引导件具有用于接收活塞杆的通道。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括至少第一活塞杆密封件和至少第二活塞杆密封件，该密封件布置成在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间进行密封。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括限定在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间的流体室，流体室与储存器连通。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括布置在流体室和储存器之间的连通路径中的活塞杆引导过滤器，以从进入流体室的磁流变流体中过滤微粒。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括设置在活塞杆引导件和阻尼器主体之间的蓄能器。

公开(公告)号：US20100096818A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-22

申请号：US12610648

申请日：2009-11-02

申请人： ROBERT H. MARJORAM ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： ROBERT H. MARJORAM ,  Stephen F. Hildebrand ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Gregory Ericksen ,  William J. McMahon ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： B60G17/08 ,  F16F9/53

CPC分类号： F16F9/064 ,  B60G99/002 ,  B60G99/008 ,  B60G2300/07 ,  B60G2600/184 ,  F16F9/535 ,  F16F13/002

摘要： A magneto-rheological fluid damper includes a damper body having a reservoir for a magneto-rheological fluid, a piston rod, a piston rod guide disposed within the damper body, where the piston rod guide has a passage therein for receiving the piston rod. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes at least a first piston rod seal and at least a second piston rod seal arranged to seal between the piston rod guide and the piston rod. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes a fluid chamber defined between the piston rod guide and the piston rod, the fluid chamber being in communication with the reservoir. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes a piston rod guide filter arranged in a communication path between the fluid chamber and the reservoir to filter particulates out of the magneto-rheological fluid entering the fluid chamber. The magneto-rheological fluid damper further includes an accumulator arranged between the piston rod guide and the damper body.

摘要翻译： 磁流变流体阻尼器包括具有用于磁流变流体的储存器的阻尼器主体，活塞杆，设置在阻尼器主体内的活塞杆引导件，其中活塞杆引导件具有用于接收活塞杆的通道。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括至少第一活塞杆密封件和至少第二活塞杆密封件，该密封件布置成在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间进行密封。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括限定在活塞杆引导件和活塞杆之间的流体室，流体室与储存器连通。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括布置在流体室和储存器之间的连通路径中的活塞杆引导过滤器，以从进入流体室的磁流变流体中过滤微粒。 磁流变流体阻尼器还包括设置在活塞杆引导件和阻尼器主体之间的蓄能器。

公开(公告)号：US6095486A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US811896

申请日：1997-03-05

申请人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  J. David Carlson ,  Mark R. Jolly ,  Michael J. Chrzan ,  Donald R. Prindle ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

发明人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  J. David Carlson ,  Mark R. Jolly ,  Michael J. Chrzan ,  Donald R. Prindle ,  Kenneth A. St. Clair

IPC分类号： F16F9/46 ,  F16F9/516 ,  F16F9/53 ,  F16F13/30 ,  F16K31/02

CPC分类号： F16F9/46 ,  F16F13/305 ,  F16F9/535 ,  Y10S137/909

摘要： A controllable valve assembly (18) applicable in Magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices (20), such as MR mounts and MR dampers. The valve assembly (18) includes a valve body (32) having a magnetic circuit (40) contained therein which carries magnetic flux .PHI., a controllable passageway (42) within the magnetic circuit (40), a MR (magnetically controlled) fluid (44) including soft-magnetic particles in a liquid carrier contained in the controllable passageway (42), a magnetic flux generator, such as a wound wire coil (46), generating magnetic flux .PHI. which is directed through the MR fluid (44) in the controllable passageway (42) thereby generating "rheology" changes causing restriction in flow of MR fluid (44) therethrough. In one aspect, a one-way check valve (34) is operative with a passive passageway (36) which is arranged in parallel relationship to the controllable passageway (42) provides "asymmetric" damping across the controllable valve (18) creating higher pressure differentials in a first direction and a lower in a second direction without "rapidly switching" the current to the coil (46). In another aspect, "asymmetric" damping is provided by a "changeable gap" formed by a moveable wall portion of the controllable passageway (42). In a third aspect, a first controllable passageway provides controllable flow in a first direction and a second controllable passageway provides controllable flow in a second direction, thereby provide "asymmetry." In a fourth aspect, "asymmetry" is provides by a "variable magnetic short" which changes magnetic circuit reluctance dependent on flow direction.

摘要翻译： 一种可应用于磁流变（MR）流体装置（20）的可控阀组件（18），例如MR安装座和MR阻尼器。 阀组件（18）包括阀体（32），其具有容纳磁通量PHI的磁路（40），磁路（40）内的可控通路（42），MR（磁控制）流体 44）包括包含在可控通路（42）中的液体载体中的软磁粒子，诸如绕线线圈（46）的磁通量产生器，其产生通过MR流体（44）引导的磁通量PHI 可控通道（42）从而产生“流变学”变化，从而限制MR流体（44）的流动。 在一个方面，单向止回阀（34）与被动通道（36）一起操作，被动通道（36）与可控通道（42）平行地布置，提供横跨可控阀（18）的“非对称”阻尼，从而产生更高的压力 在不使“电流”快速切换到线圈（46）的情况下，在第一方向和第二方向上的差分。 另一方面，通过由可控通路（42）的可动壁部分形成的“可变间隙”来提供“不对称”阻尼。 在第三方面，第一可控通道在第一方向上提供可控制的流动，第二可控通道在第二方向上提供可控制的流动，从而提供“不对称”。 在第四方面，通过根据流动方向改变磁路磁阻的“可变磁短路”来提供“不对称”。

公开(公告)号：US20120136533A1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-31

申请号：US12971026

申请日：2010-12-17

申请人： Mark R. Jolly ,  Andrew D. Meyers ,  Daniel Mellinger ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Askari Badre-Alam ,  Douglas A. Swanson ,  Russell E. Altieri

发明人： Mark R. Jolly ,  Andrew D. Meyers ,  Daniel Mellinger ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Askari Badre-Alam ,  Douglas A. Swanson ,  Russell E. Altieri

IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G05D15/00 ,  B64C27/473 ,  G05D19/00 ,  F16F7/00 ,  F16F7/10

CPC分类号： B64C27/001 ,  B64C2027/003 ,  F16F15/22 ,  G05D19/02 ,  Y10S416/50

摘要： A rotary wing aircraft including a vehicle vibration control system. The vehicle vibration control system includes a rotary wing aircraft member sensor for outputting rotary wing aircraft member data correlating to the relative rotation of the rotating rotary wing hub member rotating relative to the nonrotating body, at least a first nonrotating body vibration sensor, the at least first nonrotating body vibration sensor outputting at least first nonrotating body vibration sensor data correlating to vibrations, at least a first nonrotating body circular force generator, the at least a first nonrotating body circular force generator fixedly coupled with the nonrotating body, the at least first nonrotating body circular force generator controlled to produce a rotating force with a controllable rotating force magnitude and a controllable rotating force phase, the controllable rotating force magnitude controlled from a minimal force magnitude up to a maximum force magnitude, and with the controllable rotating force phase controlled in reference to the rotary wing aircraft member sensor data correlating to the relative rotation of the rotating rotary wing hub rotating relative to the nonrotating body wherein the vibration sensed by the at least first nonrotating body vibration sensor is reduced.

摘要翻译： 一种包括车辆振动控制系统的旋翼飞机。 车辆振动控制系统包括旋转翼飞行器构件传感器，用于输出与旋转的旋翼轮毂构件相对于非旋转体相对旋转相关的旋转翼飞行器构件数据，至少第一非旋转体振动传感器，至少 至少第一非旋转体圆周力产生器，至少第一非旋转体圆周力产生器，其与所述非旋转体固定连接，所述至少第一非旋转体振动传感器，至少第一非旋转体振动传感器，至少第一非旋转体振动传感器， 主体圆形力发生器被控制以产生具有可控旋转力量级和可控旋转力相位的旋转力，可控旋转力量值从最小力量控制到最大力量值，并且可控旋转力相位被控制在 参考旋转 翼型飞行器构件传感器数据与旋转的旋转翼型轮毂相对于非旋转体相对旋转，其中由至少第一非旋转体振动传感器感测的振动减小。

公开(公告)号：US06213442B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09168545

申请日：1998-10-08

申请人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  Leslie P. Fowler ,  Russell E. Altieri ,  Stephen F. Buchner

发明人： Douglas E. Ivers ,  Leslie P. Fowler ,  Russell E. Altieri ,  Stephen F. Buchner

IPC分类号： F16M1300

CPC分类号： F16F15/03

摘要： An isolation system includes a housing that contains an electromagnet, a sensor and a controller. The housing is mounted underneath a table top of an isolation table (or other structure requiring isolation from a second body), and target elements, such as permanent magnets, are associated with the frame of the table in proximity to the housing. The sensor provides an input signal representative of motion of the table to the controller, which generates a control signal for the electromagnet to produce a force acting on the target element. The housing can be attached to the table top with magnets, which facilitate installation. The housing provides a unit that is simple to install, is unobtrusive, and advantageous for retrofitting existing isolation tables.

摘要翻译： 隔离系统包括容纳电磁体，传感器和控制器的壳体。 壳体安装在隔离台（或需要与第二主体隔离的其他结构）的桌面下方，并且目标元件（例如永久磁铁）与桌子的靠近壳体的框架相关联。 传感器提供表示桌子运动的输入信号给控制器，该控制器产生用于电磁体产生作用在目标元件上的力的控制信号。 外壳可以用磁铁安装在桌面上，便于安装。 外壳提供了一个安装简单，不引人注意的单元，有利于改造现有的隔离台。

公开(公告)号：US5957440A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-28

申请号：US835433

申请日：1997-04-08

申请人： Peter J. Jones ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Kevin C. Cooney ,  Gerald P. Whiteford

发明人： Peter J. Jones ,  Douglas E. Ivers ,  Kevin C. Cooney ,  Gerald P. Whiteford

IPC分类号： F16F7/10 ,  F16F13/06 ,  F16F13/22 ,  F16F13/26 ,  F16F5/00

CPC分类号： F16F13/22 ,  F16F13/06 ,  F16F13/26 ,  F16F7/1005 ,  F16F2228/00

摘要： An active fluid mounting for isolating vibration between a vibrating member (21) and a structure (23). In one aspect, the active fluid mounting (20) includes an inner member (22), an outer member (24), a first flexible element (26), and an cartridge-like active fluid element (28) which is unitary and readily detachable, attached between the inner and outer members, (22) and (24). The cartridge-like active fluid element (28) preferably includes a first housing member (30) for attachment to inner member (22), a second housing member (32) for attachment to outer member (24), a second flexible element (34) for flexibly interconnecting first housing member (30) to second housing member (32), at least one fluid chamber (36) having a volume stiffness, a fluid (40) contained within, a moveable piston (42) interacting with fluid (40) in the fluid chamber (36) to cause pressure variations and produce dynamic forces which act between the inner and outer member, (22) and (24), and a preferable coil-and-magnet assembly (44) for driving piston (42) housed internally within active fluid element (28). In another aspect, a piston (42a) which is inductively driven is described. In yet another, an interchangeable motor unit including a magnet (68), coil (70), and pole pieces (66) is received within the inner member (22).

摘要翻译： 一种用于隔离振动构件（21）和结构（23）之间的振动的主动流体安装件。 在一个方面，主动流体安装件（20）包括内部构件（22），外部构件（24），第一柔性元件（26）和总成并且容易地形成的筒状活性流体元件（28） 可拆卸地安装在内部和外部构件（22）和（24）之间。 盒状有源流体元件（28）优选地包括用于附接到内部构件（22）的第一壳体构件（30），用于附接到外部构件（24）的第二壳体构件（32），第二柔性元件（34） ，用于将第一壳体构件（30）柔性地互连到第二壳体构件（32），具有体积刚度的至少一个流体室（36），容纳在与流体（40）相互作用的可移动活塞（42）内的流体 ）导致流体室（36）中的压力变化并产生作用在内部和外部构件（22）和（24）之间的动力，以及用于驱动活塞（42）的优选的线圈和磁体组件（44） ）容纳在主动流体元件（28）内部。 另一方面，描述了感应驱动的活塞（42a）。 在另一方面，包括磁体（68），线圈（70）和极片（66）的可互换电动机单元被容纳在内部构件（22）内。