摘要:
Improved extruded starch-bearing products (e.g., starches, starch-bearing legumes, starch-bearing grains and formulations containing any of the foregoing) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.
摘要:
Improved extruded starch-bearing products (e.g., starches, starch-bearing legumes, starch-bearing grains and formulations containing any of the foregoing) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.
摘要:
Improved extruded starch-bearing products (e.g., starches, starch-bearing legumes, starch-bearing grains and formulations containing any of the foregoing) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.
摘要:
Improved, high Specific Mechanical Energy extrusion systems (20) are provided including a single or twin extruder (22) and an upstream preconditioner (24). The extruder (22) includes an elongated barrel (26) with at least one elongated, axially flighted, rotatable screw assembly (58) therein. The barrel (26) includes a mid-barrel variable restriction valve assembly (32), and the screw assembly (58) has a disrupting/homogenizing screw section (66) therein upstream of the valve assembly (32). The screw section (66) includes a plurality of alternating pitch screw parts (82-92). Preferably, the barrel (26) also has an atmospheric vent (36) downstream of the valve assembly (32).
摘要:
Improved extruded starch-bearing grain products (e.g., corn and wheat) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.
摘要:
Improved extruded starch-bearing grain products (e.g., corn and wheat) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.
摘要:
Improved, high Specific Mechanical Energy extrusion systems (20) are provided including a single or twin extruder (22) and an upstream preconditioner (24). The extruder (22) includes an elongated barrel (26) with at least one elongated, axially flighted, rotatable screw assembly (58) therein. The barrel (26) includes a mid-barrel variable restriction valve assembly (32), and the screw assembly (58) has a disrupting/homogenizing screw section (66) therein upstream of the valve assembly (32). The screw section (66) includes a plurality of alternating pitch screw parts (82-92). Preferably, the barrel (26) also has an atmospheric vent (36) downstream of the valve assembly (32).
摘要:
Improved extruders and methods for the extrusion cooking of comestible products such as human foods or animal feeds are provided wherein the products may be produced with very low specific mechanical energy (SME) inputs as compared with conventional processing. The methods preferably involve introduction of very high levels of steam into the extruder barrel during processing, which concomitantly reduces necessary SME inputs required to achieve desired cook and expansion levels in the products. In accordance with the invention, fully-cooked pet foods can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 18 kWhr/T, whereas aquatic feeds can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 16 kWhr/T.
摘要:
Improved extruders and methods for the extrusion cooking of comestible products such as human foods or animal feeds are provided wherein the products may be produced with very low specific mechanical energy (SME) inputs as compared with conventional processing. The methods preferably involve introduction of very high levels of steam into the extruder barrel (12) during processing, which concomitantly reduces necessary SME inputs required to achieve desired cook and expansion levels in the products. In accordance with the invention, fully-cooked pet foods can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 18 kWhr/T, whereas aquatic feeds can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 16 kWhr/T. In preferred forms, the extruder (10) includes specially configured, intermeshed extrusion screws (18, 20) and a plurality of obliquely oriented steam inlets (48, 50), and an upstream, dual-shaft preconditioner (90) is used having individual variable frequency drives (98, 100) which allow infinite variablility in the speed and rotational direction of the preconditioner shafts (94, 96).
摘要:
High-capacity extrusion die assemblies (20, 90, 130, 140, 180, 252) each having a tubular sections (44, 146, 162, 268) and an elongated, axially rotatable, helically flighted screw section (56, 56a, 152, 168, 276, 278) which cooperatively define frustoconical, outwardly diverging material flow paths (75, 160, 291) at constant or differing divergence angles of from about 1-11°. The use of diverging tubular sections (44, 146, 162, 268) and screw sections (56, 56a, 152, 168, 276, 278) permits the use of larger die plates (76, 118, 292) with an increased number of die openings (80, 124, 296). This allows significant increases in extrusion production rates. The die assemblies (20, 90, 130, 140, 180, 252) can be used in the production of a wide number of human foods or animal feeds, and particularly aquatic feeds of the floating or sinking variety. In another aspect of the invention, an extruder (210) is provided having diverging and converging sections (212, 214) along the length thereof and defining corresponding flow paths (230, 246).