摘要:
A phyllosilicate material is exfoliated by admixture of the phyllosilicate with water, and a solvent for a water-insoluble oligomer or polymer that is sorbed or electrostatically bonded to the inner surfaces of the phyllosilicate platelets after exfoliation of the phyllosilicate. Intercalation and exfoliation can be achieved via contact of the phyllosilicate with an organic solvent and water to electrostatically bond one or more polar moieties from the organic solvent to a metal cation on the platelet inner surfaces, so that after evaporation of the water used for intercalation of the organic solvent between phyllosilicate platelets, the platelets do not then collapse together, but remain exfoliated. After exfoliation of the phyllosilicate, the exfoliated platelets are contacted with a polymer/carrier composition that includes a water-insoluble polymer or water-insoluble oligomer, and a solvent for the water-insoluble polymer or oligomer. After exfoliating the phyllosilicate and prior to polymer contact, the individual phyllosilicate platelets are contacted with the polymer/carrier composition to sorb the water-insoluble polymer or water-insoluble oligomer onto one or both surfaces of the exfoliated phyllosilicate platelets and drive off the adhered solvent.
摘要:
Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer including an alkyl radical having at least 10 carbon atoms and having a dipole moment greater than the dipole moment of water, to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.
摘要:
Nanocomposites are manufactured by combining an EVOH matrix polymer and exfoliated intercalates formed by contacting a phyllosilicate with a non-EVOH intercalant to adsorb or intercalate the intercalant between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient intercalant is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG., preferably at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with the EVOH matrix polymer melt, to provide an EVOH matrix polymer/platelet composite (nanocomposite) material that does not degrade the EVOH matrix polymer.
摘要:
This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.
摘要:
A packaging film comprises a dispersed-particle composition, which comprises a plurality of particles dispersed in a matrix medium of thermoplastic polymer. The particles comprise silicate platelets. Intercalating agent of one or more phospholipids is sorbed to the silicate platelets.
摘要:
A method of treating an amorphous CBDO polymer to impart self healing and shape memory properties by heat treatment, and products resulting from such method are described. An amorphous CBDO copolymer may include a copolyester prepared by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or ester or anhydride thereof, a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, or mixture thereof. The method may include heating said copolymer to a temperature above its glass transition temperature to impart self healing and shape memory properties.
摘要:
According to the invention, an amorphous CBDO copolymer (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,575, issued Jan. 6, 1998, which U.S. patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) is treated to impart high impact resistance, also called impact strength.
摘要:
A method of determining a quantity of amorphous SiC2-containing impurities in a montmorillonite clay sample comprising the steps of: (a) analyzing the clay sample to determine the weight percent of SiO2 contained in the clay sample; (b) analyzing the clay sample for non-montmorillonite SiO2-containing crystalline components; (c) calculating the weight percent of SiO2 from step (a) that is derived from the montmorillonite and amorphous SiQ2-containing impurities by lowering the weight percent of SiO2 in step (a) based on the non-montmorillonite SiO2-containing crystalline impurities found in step (b); and (d) determining the amorphous SiO2-containing impurity portion of the SiO2 calculated in step (c) by further lowering the amount of SiO2 from step (c) until the amount of montmorillonite-derived SiO2 is consistent with one or more properties of the clay sample, the amount of further lowering being proportional to an amount of amorphous SiO2-containing impurities contained in the clay sample.
摘要:
Nanocomposites are manufactured by combining a host material, such as an organic solvent or a matrix polymer and exfoliated intercalates formed by contacting a phyllosilicate with a polymer to adsorb or intercalate the polymer between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets. Sufficient polymer is adsorbed between adjacent phyllosilicate platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG., preferably at least about 10 .ANG. (as measured after water removal), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 30-40 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated, e.g., when mixed with an organic solvent or a polymer melt, to provide a carrier material for drugs and the like, or to provide a matrix polymer/platelet composite (nanocomposite) material--the platelets being exfoliated from the intercalate.
摘要:
An animal litter including an extruded smectite clay that forms stronger clumps, when wetted with animal urine, due to the extrusion process. In a preferred embodiment, the extruded smectite clay is mixed, before or after extrusion, with a small percentage, preferably at least about 0.025% to less than 0.1%, based on the dry weight of the smectite clay, of a water-soluble adhesive that forms improved, stronger, more cohesive clumps that can be essentially completely removed from a litter box leaving the remaining litter box contents odor-free.