公开(公告)号：US4505808A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-19

申请号：US532826

申请日：1983-09-15

Applicant: Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

Inventor： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

IPC: C10G1/06 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10G21/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/06 ,  Y10S208/951

Abstract: Method of extracting liquid hydrocarbons from oil-containing stone or sand, wherein the oil-containing stone or the oil-containing sand undergoes hydrogenating, low temperature carbonization in a reactor at temperatures of 450.degree. to 520.degree. C. and a pressure of approximately 50 bar through the action of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and steam, and wherein the hydrocarbons are separated from the resulting gaseous, low temperature carbonization mixture. The low temperature carbonization mixture from the reactor is cooled in a first separation stage to a temperature of approximately 350.degree. C. to condense the less volatile hydrocarbons. The separated, liquid phase is fed to a solids separator and placed in contact with a circulating gas of carbon dioxide and a C.sub.6 /C.sub.7 hydrocarbon fraction. The low temperature carbonization mixture containing uncondensed gases and more volatile hydrocarbons are washed in a second separation stage with water and cooled to approximately 250.degree. C. Gas containing hydrogen separated from the volatile hydrocarbons is fed at least partly to the reactor again. Carbon monoxide is obtained from the solids through the action of carbon dioxide, contained in hot, combustion gases. This carbon monoxide together with carbon dioxide of the combustion gases is fed to the reactor.

Abstract translation: 从含油石头或砂中提取液态烃的方法，其中含油石料或含油砂在450〜520℃的温度和约50℃的压力下进行氢化，低温碳化 通过一氧化碳，氢气和蒸汽的作用，并且其中烃与所得气态低温碳化混合物分离。 将来自反应器的低温碳化混合物在第一分离阶段冷却至约350℃的温度以冷凝较不易挥发的烃。 将分离的液相进料至固体分离器并与二氧化碳和C6 / C7烃馏分的循环气体接触。 含有未冷凝气体和更多挥发性烃的低温碳化混合物在第二分离阶段用水洗涤并冷却至约250℃。将从挥发性烃分离的含氢的气体至少部分地进料至反应器。 通过包含在热的燃烧气体中的二氧化碳的作用，从固体获得一氧化碳。 将该一氧化碳与燃烧气体的二氧化碳一起进料至反应器。

公开(公告)号：US4505809A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-19

申请号：US546890

申请日：1983-10-31

Applicant: Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

Inventor： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad Kunstle

IPC: C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B39/04 ,  C10B53/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/06

Abstract: A process for extracting hydrocarbons from oil shale comprising the steps of subjecting oil shale under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of hydrogen and steam, to low temperature hydrogenating distillation; separating the resulting fluid distillation mixture into liquid and gaseous products; and returning water and hydrogen separated from the fluid distillation mixture to the low temperature distillation; in which:heat is drawn-off from the hot oil shale, after treatment in a low temperature hydrogenating distillation reactor, by the shale being sprayed wtih water whereby saturated steam is produced in decreasing pressure stages;the saturated steam of the pressure stages and water extracted during product separation are fed into the individual stages of a multi-stage compressor driven by a gas turbine, and are then delivered via a steam supply line to the reactor;the gas turbine is fuelled by supplying separated-off gaseous distillation products thereto; andthe exhaust gases of the gas turbine are fed to a heat exchanger arranged in the steam supply line.

Abstract translation: 一种从油页岩中提取烃的方法，包括在氢气和蒸汽存在下，在超大气压下对油页岩进行低温氢化蒸馏的步骤; 将所得流体蒸馏混合物分离成液态和气态产物; 并将从流体蒸馏混合物分离出的水和氢返回到低温蒸馏; 其中：在低温氢化蒸馏反应器中处理后，热页岩从热油页岩中排出，页岩被水喷射，从而在减压阶段产生饱和蒸汽; 将压力级的饱和蒸汽和在分离过程中提取的水分供给到由燃气轮机驱动的多级压缩机的各个级中，然后通过蒸汽供应管线输送到反应器; 通过向其分配的气态蒸馏产物供给燃气轮机; 并且燃气轮机的废气被供给到布置在蒸汽供应管线中的热交换器。

公开(公告)号：US4502919A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-05

申请号：US540192

申请日：1983-10-07

Applicant: Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad K/u/ nstle

Inventor： Gerd Brunner ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Konrad K/u/ nstle

IPC: C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/06 ,  B01D11/02 ,  C10B53/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/065 ,  C10G1/02

Abstract: An arrangement for extracting crude oil from oil shale comprising: a low temperature carbonization reactor; a processing means for feeding a slurry of oil shale, solvent and hydrogen into the low temperature carbonization reactor; a separating means for separating the resulting gaseous low temperature carbonization mixture from the used oil shale and for separating the low temperature carbonization mixture into gaseous and liquid low temperature carbonization products; a gas turbine the exhaust gas outlet of which is connected to two heat exchangers, one of which heat exchangers is disposed in a circulation system for a scavenging gas, which circulation system includes a separating reactor (which forms part of said separating means) in which in use the scavenging gas flows upwardly in counterflow to the oil shale for separation of the fluid low temperature carbonization mixture from the used oil shale, and the other of which heat exchangers is disposed between the low temperature carbonization reactor and said separating reactor; the low temperature carbonization reactor including a fluidizing cooler with a fluidized bed means for feeding used oil shale from the separating reactor to the fluidized bed and means for feeding turbine exhaust gas from either or both of said two heat exchangers to the fluidized bed for fluidizing the bed.

Abstract translation: 一种用于从油页岩提取原油的装置，包括：低温碳化反应器; 用于将油页岩，溶剂和氢气的浆料进料到低温碳化反应器中的处理装置; 分离装置，用于从所使用的油页岩中分离所得到的气态低温碳化混合物，并将低温碳化混合物分离成气态和液态低温碳化产物; 燃气轮机，其排气出口连接到两个热交换器，其中一个热交换器设置在用于清除气体的循环系统中，该循环系统包括分离反应器（其形成所述分离装置的一部分），其中 在使用中，清除气体向上逆流流向油页岩，用于将流体低温碳化混合物与废油页岩进行分离，另一个在低温碳化反应器和分离反应器之间设置热交换器; 所述低温碳化反应器包括具有流化床装置的流化冷却器装置，用于将废油页岩从分离反应器输送到流化床，以及用于将来自所述两个热交换器中的一个或两个的涡轮机排气供给到流化床的装置， 床。

公开(公告)号：US20110308548A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-22

申请号：US13147075

申请日：2010-01-29

Applicant: Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reidar Schüller

Inventor： Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reidar Schüller

IPC: B08B7/00 ,  G01B21/08

CPC classification number: G01B21/085

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for measuring the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of a structure conducting a fluid stream of hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of: applying a first heat pulse or continuous heating to at least one first section of the structure removing deposits on the inner wall of the first section of the structure; applying a second heat pulse to both the first section of the structure and at least one second section of the structure, the first and second sections being spaced apart, which heat pulse does not loosen any deposit of material in the second section; measuring the temperature of the wall of the structure or the fluid during the second heat pulse at both the first and second sections; and determining the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of the structure at the second section based on the measured temperatures. The present invention also relates to a corresponding device and arrangement.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于测量导致烃的流体流的结构的内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将第一加热脉冲或连续加热施加到至少一个第一部分 的结构去除结构的第一部分的内壁上的沉积物; 对所述结构的第一部分和所述结构的至少一个第二部分施加第二加热脉冲，所述第一和第二部分间隔开，所述加热脉冲不会松开所述第二部分中材料的沉积物; 在第一和第二部分的第二加热脉冲期间测量结构的壁或流体的温度; 并且基于测量的温度确定在第二部分处的结构内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度。 本发明还涉及相应的装置和装置。

公开(公告)号：US20110303012A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-15

申请号：US13146950

申请日：2010-01-15

Applicant: Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann

Inventor： Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann

IPC: G01H13/00

CPC classification number: G01B7/066 ,  G01H13/00 ,  G01N29/12

Abstract: A method of measuring the thickness of any deposit of material (28) on an inner wall (12) of a structure (14). The method comprises: (a) causing vibrations in the structure; (b) detecting said vibrations in the structure; (c) determining a resonance frequency of the structure based on the detected vibrations; and (d) determining the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of the structure based on the determined resonance frequency.

Abstract translation: 一种测量在结构（14）的内壁（12）上的材料沉积物（28）的厚度的方法。 该方法包括：（a）引起结构中的振动; （b）检测结构中的所述振动; （c）基于所检测到的振动来确定所述结构的共振频率; 和（d）基于确定的共振频率来确定结构内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度。

公开(公告)号：US20080087054A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-17

申请号：US11904770

申请日：2007-09-28

Applicant: Rainer Hoffmann

Inventor： Rainer Hoffmann

IPC: E05B65/44

CPC classification number: E05C3/24 ,  E05B47/0002 ,  E05B47/0006 ,  E05B47/0607 ,  E05B2047/0069 ,  Y10T70/5199

Abstract: A locking device, especially for switch cabinets, comprising a lock mounted on the cabinet body and provided with a locking latch, as well as a lock holder mounted on the door and having an arresting pin for latching with the locking latch, whereby the rotatably mounted locking latch is biased by a tipping spring not only in its locking position in which it engages the arresting pin but also in its opening position, and whereby a rotatable securing lever for blocking pivoting movement of the locking latch is biased by a spring into its blocking position for the locking latch, the securing lever being pivotable, against the force of the spring, into its release position for the locking latch by an electromagnet through which current flows for providing a readiness of the locking latch to open.

Abstract translation: 一种特别用于开关柜的锁定装置，包括安装在机壳本体上并设有锁定闩锁的锁以及安装在门上的锁定保持架，并具有用于与锁定闩锁闩锁的止动销，由此可旋转地安装 锁定闩锁不仅通过倾卸弹簧而被偏压在其锁定位置中，在该锁定位置中，锁定闩锁接合止动销，而且在其打开位置处，并且由此用于阻止锁定闩锁的枢转运动的可旋转固定杆被弹簧偏压到其阻挡 锁定闩锁的位置，固定杆可以克服弹簧的力枢转到用于锁定闩锁的释放位置，该电磁铁通过电磁铁流动，以提供锁定闩锁打开的准备状态。

公开(公告)号：US5922670A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-13

申请号：US875719

申请日：1997-10-01

Applicant: Georg Knuebel ,  Alfred Westfechtel ,  Gerhard Hermanns ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Hans-Christian Raths

Inventor： Georg Knuebel ,  Alfred Westfechtel ,  Gerhard Hermanns ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Hans-Christian Raths

IPC: B01F17/00 ,  B01F17/04 ,  C07C303/24 ,  C07C305/06 ,  C07C305/10 ,  C11D1/12 ,  C11D1/16 ,  C11D1/29 ,  D06M13/262

CPC classification number: A61Q19/10 ,  A61K8/463 ,  A61Q5/02 ,  B01F17/0057 ,  C07C305/06 ,  C11D1/16 ,  C11D1/29

Abstract: Dimer alcohol bis-sulfates, trimer alcohol tris-sulfates and ether sulfates thereof are prepared by reacting dimer alcohols, trimer alcohols, or alkylene oxide adducts thereof with a sulfating agent, and then neutralizing the reaction product with an aqueous base material.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP96 / 00259 Sec。 371日期：1997年10月1日 102（e）1997年10月1日PCT PCT 1996年1月23日PCT公布。 WO96 / 23768 PCT出版物 日期1996年8月8日二醇，二醇，三醇，三硫酸盐及其醚硫酸盐是通过使二醇，三醇或其氧化烯加成物与硫酸化剂反应制备的，然后用碱水溶液中和反应产物 材料。

公开(公告)号：US5498418A

公开(公告)日：1996-03-12

申请号：US142316

申请日：1994-03-14

Applicant: Dieter Beutner ,  Henning von Knobelsdorff ,  Hans-Michael Wolff ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reinhold Meconi ,  Robert P. Klein

Inventor： Dieter Beutner ,  Henning von Knobelsdorff ,  Hans-Michael Wolff ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reinhold Meconi ,  Robert P. Klein

IPC: A61K9/70 ,  A61K31/21 ,  A61P9/08 ,  A61P9/10 ,  A61F13/00

CPC classification number: A61K9/7053 ,  A61K31/21 ,  A61K9/7061

Abstract: The invention relates to a dermal plaster for the transdermal provision of nitroglycerin comprising a carrier film and a removable protective film and an adhesive mass containing nitroglycerine on the basis of a cross-linked acrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer in which the monomer mix used for polymerization consists essentially of 21 to 40% wt. vinyl acetate, 55 to 70% wt. of an acrylic acid C2-8 alkyl ester and 3 to 10% wt. of an acrylic acid C2-4 hydroxyalkyl ester and which is cross-linked by heating and the removal of any solvents present after the addition of a cross-linking agent and the nitroglycerin.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 01169 371日期：1994年3月14日 102（e）1994年3月14日PCT PCT日期：1992年5月25日PCT公布。 第WO92 / 22292号公报 本发明涉及一种用于经皮提供硝酸甘油的皮肤膏药，其包含载体膜和可除去的保护膜，以及含有硝酸甘油的粘合剂，其基于交联的丙烯酸酯 - 乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中 用于聚合的单体混合物基本上由21至40重量％ 乙酸乙烯酯，55〜70重量％ 的丙烯酸C 2-8烷基酯和3至10重量％ 的丙烯酸C2-4羟烷基酯，并且通过加热交联并除去在加入交联剂和硝酸甘油之后存在的任何溶剂。

公开(公告)号：US09011608B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US13147075

申请日：2010-01-29

Applicant: Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reidar Schüller

Inventor： Lene Amundsen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Reidar Schüller

IPC: B08B9/027 ,  G01B21/08

CPC classification number: G01B21/085

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for measuring the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of a structure conducting a fluid stream of hydrocarbons, the method comprising the steps of: applying a first heat pulse or continuous heating to at least one first section of the structure removing deposits on the inner wall of the first section of the structure; applying a second heat pulse to both the first section of the structure and at least one second section of the structure, the first and second sections being spaced apart, which heat pulse does not loosen any deposit of material in the second section; measuring the temperature of the wall of the structure or the fluid during the second heat pulse at both the first and second sections; and determining the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of the structure at the second section based on the measured temperatures. The present invention also relates to a corresponding device and arrangement.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于测量导致烃的流体流的结构的内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：将第一加热脉冲或连续加热施加到至少一个第一部分 的结构去除结构的第一部分的内壁上的沉积物; 对所述结构的第一部分和所述结构的至少一个第二部分施加第二加热脉冲，所述第一和第二部分间隔开，所述加热脉冲不会松开所述第二部分中材料的沉积物; 在第一和第二部分的第二加热脉冲期间测量结构的壁或流体的温度; 并且基于测量的温度确定在第二部分处的结构内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度。 本发明还涉及相应的装置和装置。

公开(公告)号：US20110235057A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-29

申请号：US13130664

申请日：2009-11-23

Applicant: Kjell Bjørnar Størksen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Lene Amundsen

Inventor： Kjell Bjørnar Størksen ,  Rainer Hoffmann ,  Lene Amundsen

IPC: G01B11/06

CPC classification number: G01B11/0616 ,  B24B37/013 ,  G01B11/0625 ,  G01B11/12

Abstract: A method is provided for measurement of the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of a pipeline at least partly filled with a medium including hydrocarbons, the medium being for instance oil or natural gas, wherein the method includes: projecting infrared light onto the inner wall of the pipeline along a line corresponding to the intersection between the inner wall of the pipeline and a cross-sectional plane of the pipeline; registering an image of the infrared light projected on the inner wall of the pipeline; and determining the thickness of any deposit of material on the inner wall of the pipeline based on the registered image.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于测量至少部分地填充有包括烃类的介质在内的材料的内壁上的材料沉积物的厚度的方法，所述介质例如是油或天然气，其中所述方法包括：将红外光投射到 管道的内壁沿着与管道内壁和管道的横截面的交点相对应的线; 记录投射在管道内壁上的红外光的图像; 以及基于所述注册图像来确定所述管道的内壁上的任何材料沉积物的厚度。