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    Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system
    1.
    发明授权
    Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system 失效
    用于燃料电池系统的改性扩散层

    公开(公告)号：US07179501B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-02-20

    申请号：US11026728

    申请日：2005-04-13

    申请人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Paul F. Mutolo ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Paul F. Mutolo ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： B05D5/12 ,  B05D1/12 ,  B05D5/00 ,  B05D3/02

    CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/8817 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T428/30

    摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.

    摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过对碳布或碳纸施加较厚的微孔层并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。

    Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system
    2.
    发明授权
    Modified diffusion layer for use in a fuel cell system 失效
    用于燃料电池系统的改性扩散层

    公开(公告)号：US06890680B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-10

    申请号：US10078728

    申请日：2002-02-19

    申请人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Paul F. Mutolo ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Gerhard Beckmann ,  Xiaoming Ren ,  Paul F. Mutolo ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/10

    CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/8817 ,  H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/96 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1009 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T428/30

    摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.

    摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了一种用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过将较厚的微孔层施加到碳布或碳纸上并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。

    Passive water management techniques in direct methanol fuel cells
    3.
    发明授权
    Passive water management techniques in direct methanol fuel cells 失效
    直接甲醇燃料电池的被动水管理技术

    公开(公告)号：US07282293B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-16

    申请号：US10454211

    申请日：2003-06-04

    申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： H01M2/14 ,  H01M4/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/04171 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  Y02E60/523

    摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.

    摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通气通道进入外部 环境。

    Passive water management techniques in direct methanol fuel cells
    4.
    发明授权
    Passive water management techniques in direct methanol fuel cells 有权
    直接甲醇燃料电池的被动水管理技术

    公开(公告)号：US07541109B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-06-02

    申请号：US11873259

    申请日：2007-10-16

    申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Frank W. Kovacs ,  Kevin J. Shufon ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： H01M2/14 ,  H01M4/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/04171 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  Y02E60/523

    摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.

    摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，它可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通风通道进入外部环境。

    Simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system
    7.
    发明申请
    Simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system 失效
    简化直接氧化燃料电池系统

    公开(公告)号：US20060068271A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-30

    申请号：US11269108

    申请日：2005-11-08

    申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  John Becerra ,  Gerhard Beckmann ,  Eric Brown ,  Michael DeFilippis ,  Jay Neutzler ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  John Becerra ,  Gerhard Beckmann ,  Eric Brown ,  Michael DeFilippis ,  Jay Neutzler ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： H01M4/94 ,  H01M8/02 ,  B65D6/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/023 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/248 ,  Y02E60/523

    摘要： A simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that fuel is added to the cell anode as it is consumed and water is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. In addition, carbon dioxide generated from the anodic reaction is passively vented out of the system by using a CO2 gas permeable membrane material integrated as part of the anode chamber construction. It is thus possible that, the CO2 separation from the anode fluid occurs without the recirculation of the anode fluid outside the anode chamber. In one embodiment, the simplified direct oxidation fuel cell includes a gas permeable, liquid impermeable membrane placed in close proximity to the anode to perform the carbon dioxide separation. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a fuel container and delivery assembly is provided, which includes separate conduits from separate containers for methanol and water and a leak-proof interface. This allows for mixing of water into the methanol solution, to allow for improved ability to adjust the concentration of methanol and water in the system. The fuel container and delivery assembly operates using simple mechanical flow and simplified geometry. This design minimizes loss of methanol and water via carryover and crossover by limiting introduction of those fluids. The passive system in which fuel is added as it is consumed and CO2 separated, both without pumping, ultimately will increase net power provided to the load due to low parasitic losses.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种简化的直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池被构造成使得燃料在其被消耗时被添加到电池阳极中，并且水在电池阴极处被蒸发，使得不需要再循环在电解池阳极处的未反应燃料或在电池阴极处的水 。 此外，通过使用集成为阳极室结构的一部分的CO 2气体可渗透膜材料，从阳极反应产生的二氧化碳被动地排出系统。 因此，在阳极室外部阳极流体再循环的情况下，可能发生与阳极流体的二氧化碳分离。 在一个实施例中，简化的直接氧化燃料电池包括放置在靠近阳极的气体可渗透的不透液膜，以进行二氧化碳分离。 根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种燃料容器和输送组件，其包括用于甲醇和水的单独容器和防漏接口的单独导管。 这允许将水混合到甲醇溶液中，以提高调节系统中甲醇和水的浓度的能力。 燃料容器和输送组件使用简单的机械流动和简化的几何形状进行操作。 这种设计通过限制这些流体的引入，最大限度地减少甲醇和水的流失和交叉。 其中燃料添加的被动系统消耗和二氧化碳分离，无需泵送，最终将增加由于低的寄生损耗而提供给负载的净功率。

    Method of controlling delivery of fuel to a direct oxidation fuel cell
    8.
    发明授权
    Method of controlling delivery of fuel to a direct oxidation fuel cell 失效
    控制向直接氧化燃料电池的燃料输送的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07638215B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-12-29

    申请号：US11269108

    申请日：2005-11-08

    申请人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Juan J. Becerra ,  Gerhard Beckmann ,  Eric J. Brown ,  Michael S. DeFilippis ,  Jay K. Neutzler ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    发明人： Xiaoming Ren ,  Juan J. Becerra ,  Gerhard Beckmann ,  Eric J. Brown ,  Michael S. DeFilippis ,  Jay K. Neutzler ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld

    IPC分类号： H01M8/00

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 ,  H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/023 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M8/248 ,  Y02E60/523

    摘要： A simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that fuel is added to the cell anode as it is consumed and water is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. In addition, carbon dioxide generated from the anodic reaction is passively vented out of the system by using a CO2 gas permeable membrane material integrated as part of the anode chamber construction. It is thus possible that, the CO2 separation from the anode fluid occurs without the recirculation of the anode fluid outside the anode chamber. The passive system in which fuel is added as it is consumed and CO2 separated, both without pumping, ultimately will increase net power provided to the load due to low parasitic losses.

    摘要翻译： 提供简化的直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池被构造成使得燃料在其被消耗时被添加到电池阳极中，并且水在电池阴极处被蒸发，使得不需要再循环在电解池阳极处的未反应燃料或在电池阴极处的水 。 此外，通过使用集成为阳极室结构的一部分的CO 2气体可渗透膜材料，从阳极反应产生的二氧化碳被动地排出系统。 因此，在阳极室外部阳极流体再循环的情况下，可能发生与阳极流体的二氧化碳分离。 其中燃料添加的被动系统消耗和二氧化碳分离，无需泵送，最终将增加由于低的寄生损耗而提供给负载的净功率。

    Conducting polymer ultracapacitor
    10.
    发明授权
    Conducting polymer ultracapacitor 失效
    导电聚合物超级电容器

    公开(公告)号：US06356433B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-03-12

    申请号：US09653621

    申请日：2000-08-31

    申请人： Steven Z. Shi ,  John R. Davey ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld ,  Xiaoming Ren

    发明人： Steven Z. Shi ,  John R. Davey ,  Shimshon Gottesfeld ,  Xiaoming Ren

    IPC分类号： H01G900

    CPC分类号： H01G11/48 ,  H01G11/80 ,  Y02E60/13 ,  Y02T10/7022

    摘要： A sealed ultracapacitor assembly is formed with first and second electrodes of first and second conducting polymers electrodeposited on porous carbon paper substrates, where the first and second electrodes each define first and second exterior surfaces and first and second opposing surfaces. First and second current collector plates are bonded to the first and second exterior surfaces, respectively. A porous membrane separates the first and second opposing surfaces, with a liquid electrolyte impregnating the insulating membrane. A gasket formed of a thermoplastic material surrounds the first and second electrodes and seals between the first and second current collector plates for containing the liquid electrolyte.

    摘要翻译： 密封的超级电容器组件形成有电沉积在多孔碳纸基底上的第一和第二导电聚合物的第一和第二电极，其中第一和第二电极各自限定第一和第二外表面以及第一和第二相对表面。 第一和第二集电板分别结合到第一和第二外表面。 多孔膜用浸渍绝缘膜的液体电解质分离第一和第二相对表面。 由热塑性材料形成的垫圈包围第一和第二电极，并在第一和第二集电板之间密封以容纳液体电解质。