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1.发明授权Direct oxidation fuel cell operating with direct feed of concentrated fuel under passive water management 有权直接氧化燃料电池在被动水管理下直接进料浓缩燃料公开(公告)号：US07407721B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-05
申请号：US10413983
申请日：2003-04-15
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Robert S. Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank W. Kovacs , Kevin J. Shufon
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Robert S. Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank W. Kovacs , Kevin J. Shufon
CPC分类号： H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A passive direct oxidation fuel cell system, which uses a high concentration fuel such as neat methanol as a direct feed to an anode aspect of the fuel cell, is provided. The fuel cell includes a passive water management capability, achieved by the combined functions of controlled fuel dosing, effective push back of liquid water from the cathode through the membrane electrolyte by a hydrophobic microporous layer well bonded to the cathode catalyst and the use of a thin ionomeric membrane. The rate of fuel delivery is controlled by a passive fuel transport barrier. Carbon dioxide management techniques are also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用高浓度燃料如纯甲醇作为燃料电池的阳极方面的直接进料的被动直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池包括无源水管理能力，通过控制燃料计量的组合功能实现，液体水从阴极通过膜电解质有效推回通过与阴极催化剂良好接合的疏水微孔层，以及使用薄的 离聚物膜。 燃料输送速率由被动燃料输送屏障控制。 还提供二氧化碳管理技术。
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公开(公告)号：US07282293B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-16
申请号：US10454211
申请日：2003-06-04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.
摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通气通道进入外部 环境。
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公开(公告)号：US07541109B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-02
申请号：US11873259
申请日：2007-10-16
CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.
摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，它可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通风通道进入外部环境。
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公开(公告)号：US06981877B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-03
申请号：US10078601
申请日：2002-02-19
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric J. Brown , Michael S. DeFilippis , Jay K. Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric J. Brown , Michael S. DeFilippis , Jay K. Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/248 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that fuel is added to the cell anode as it is consumed and water is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. In addition, carbon dioxide generated from the anodic reaction is passively vented out of the system by using a CO2 gas permeable membrane material integrated as part of the anode chamber construction. Other embodiments of the invention include a fuel container and delivery assembly.
摘要翻译： 提供简化的直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池被构造成使得燃料在其被消耗时被添加到电池阳极中，并且水在电池阴极处被蒸发，使得不需要再循环在电解池阳极处的未反应燃料或在电池阴极处的水 。 此外，通过使用集成为阳极室结构的一部分的CO 2气体可渗透膜材料，从阳极反应产生的二氧化碳被动地排出系统。 本发明的其它实施例包括燃料容器和输送组件。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07638215B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-29
申请号：US11269108
申请日：2005-11-08
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric J. Brown , Michael S. DeFilippis , Jay K. Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric J. Brown , Michael S. DeFilippis , Jay K. Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
IPC分类号： H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/248 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system is provided. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that fuel is added to the cell anode as it is consumed and water is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. In addition, carbon dioxide generated from the anodic reaction is passively vented out of the system by using a CO2 gas permeable membrane material integrated as part of the anode chamber construction. It is thus possible that, the CO2 separation from the anode fluid occurs without the recirculation of the anode fluid outside the anode chamber. The passive system in which fuel is added as it is consumed and CO2 separated, both without pumping, ultimately will increase net power provided to the load due to low parasitic losses.
摘要翻译： 提供简化的直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池被构造成使得燃料在其被消耗时被添加到电池阳极中，并且水在电池阴极处被蒸发，使得不需要再循环在电解池阳极处的未反应燃料或在电池阴极处的水 。 此外，通过使用集成为阳极室结构的一部分的CO 2气体可渗透膜材料，从阳极反应产生的二氧化碳被动地排出系统。 因此，在阳极室外部阳极流体再循环的情况下，可能发生与阳极流体的二氧化碳分离。 其中燃料添加的被动系统消耗和二氧化碳分离，无需泵送，最终将增加由于低的寄生损耗而提供给负载的净功率。
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公开(公告)号：US07179501B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US11026728
申请日：2005-04-13
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过对碳布或碳纸施加较厚的微孔层并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。
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公开(公告)号：US06890680B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10078728
申请日：2002-02-19
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了一种用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过将较厚的微孔层施加到碳布或碳纸上并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。
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公开(公告)号：US07314493B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-01
申请号：US10688711
申请日：2003-10-17
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Kevin J. Shufon , Frank W. Kovacs
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Kevin J. Shufon , Frank W. Kovacs
CPC分类号： C10L1/003 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/10 , C10L1/1216 , C10L1/1275 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/28 , C10L1/301 , C10L1/303 , F17C11/005
摘要： Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, trimethylborate, and tetramethylorthosilicate. Other additives to improve safety and efficiency of the fuel cell include sulfonated activated carbon particles and metal hydrides, such as LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiBH4, (CH3)2 NHBH3, NaAlH4, B2H6, NaCNBH3, CaH2, LiH, NaH, KH or sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) dihydridaluminate.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于直接甲醇燃料电池的燃料混合物。 燃料包括与水反应以产生甲醇的甲醇和添加剂，以及其它易于电氧化的化合物，包括二甲氧基甲烷，原甲酸甲酯，原碳酸四甲酯，硼酸三甲酯和原硅酸四甲酯。 提高燃料电池的安全性和效率的其它添加剂包括磺化活性炭颗粒和金属氢化物，例如LiAlH 4，NaBH 4，LiBH 4，/ >，（CH 3 3）2 NHBH 3，NaAlH 4，B 2， H 6，NaCNBH 3，CaH 2，LiH，NaH，KH或双（2-甲氧基乙氧基）二氢铝酸钠。
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9.发明授权System and method for safe removal/oxidative decomposition of fuel from a fuel container 有权从燃料容器安全地去除/氧化分解燃料的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US06936368B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US10417453
申请日：2003-04-16
CPC分类号： H01M8/04208 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/0687 , H01M8/1011 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A system and method for removal or oxidative decomposition of fuel from a fuel storage container for use in a direct oxidation fuel cell and direct oxidation fuel cell system wherein the fuel permeates through a material and can be exposed to a catalyst/enzyme which oxidizes the fuel as it leaves the storage container. The system includes a fuel storage container provided with a catalyst-coated material. An airtight seal is provided over the catalyzed area, which seal is broken to allow oxygen access, and consequently the catalytic reaction. The airtight seal may be broken by simple manual methods or automatic methods on removal of the container from the fuel cell system.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从用于直接氧化燃料电池和直接氧化燃料电池系统的燃料储存容器中去除或氧化分解燃料的系统和方法，其中燃料渗透材料并可暴露于氧化燃料的催化剂/酶 当它离开存储容器。 该系统包括设置有催化剂涂覆材料的燃料储存容器。 在催化区域上提供气密密封，该密封件被破坏以允许氧气进入，从而导致催化反应。 通过简单的手动方法或从燃料电池系统移除容器的自动方法可以破坏气密密封。
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公开(公告)号：US07255947B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-14
申请号：US10688433
申请日：2003-10-17
申请人： Juan J. Becerra , Frank W. Kovacs , Xiaoming Ren
发明人： Juan J. Becerra , Frank W. Kovacs , Xiaoming Ren
CPC分类号： H01M8/04082 , C10L7/04 , H01M8/04208 , H01M8/1009 , H01M8/1011 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T137/86276
摘要： The present invention provides a gel fuel, which includes a fuel substance held in a polymeric structure. One embodiment of the composition includes neat methanol, to which a thickening substance, such as that sold commercially under the trade name Carbopol®, is added to impart viscosity, as well as stabilizing and suspending properties. In addition to the thickening substance, a further substance can be added to balance the pH of the gel fuel when needed. In accordance with the invention, a fuel cell cartridge is provided that has at least one aspect that is methanol-permeable, and which may include a fuel vapor permeable layer and it may be comprised of one of a number of various alternative materials. Features within the fuel cartridge can be used to increase surface area of the gel fuel, and to maintain the gel fuel in a desired location within the cartridge.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种凝胶燃料，其包括保持在聚合物结构中的燃料物质。 组合物的一个实施方案包括纯甲醇，其中加入增稠物质，例如以商品名Carbopol销售的增稠物质，以赋予粘度以及稳定和悬浮性能。 除了增稠物质之外，可以加入另外的物质以在需要时平衡凝胶燃料的pH。 根据本发明，提供一种燃料电池盒，其至少具有一个方面是甲醇可渗透的，并且其可以包括燃料蒸气可渗透层，并且其可以由许多各种替代材料中的一种构成。 燃料盒内的特征可用于增加凝胶燃料的表面积，并将凝胶燃料保持在药筒内的所需位置。
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