Abstract:
An example system includes interconnected modeling modules that share knowledge to create a unified earth model dynamically representing a subsurface site. The system models and may simulate subsurface operations associated with, for example: hydrocarbon production and stimulation, natural gas storage, carbon capture and storage, aquifer maintenance, geothermal energy production, and in-situ leachable ore processing. The system integrates a reporting module, and also an economic module to evaluate cost versus benefit of each subsurface operation. A related example method for performing subsurface engineering includes generating a model of a subsurface site including a geological horizon, obtaining an offset relative to the geological horizon, and locating an operation based on the offset. When field data update the model in real time, positions of 3D objects and 3D surfaces are dynamically updated in the model, including the positions of the modeled operations.
Abstract:
A gamma-ray detector comprising: a housing having a window through which gamma rays can enter; the housing comprising; a two-dimensional array of electrically conducting carbon nanotubes, which act as a cathode, on a substrate; a metal plate electrode, which acts as an anode, positioned opposite the substrate so that there is a gap containing a gas between the electrode and the nanotubes; and a voltage source connected to the substrate and the electrode such that when in use the voltage between the substrate and the electrode is maintained below the arc-threshold voltage so that no electric current can flow through the gap between the nanotubes and the electrode; wherein the electrode and the substrate are arranged such that when a gamma ray enters the housing and hits one of the nanotubes a spark discharge is triggered between the nanotubes and the plate electrode creating an electrical current that can be measured.
Abstract:
Compositions for refractory materials and methods for providing the compositions are described. A synthetic forsterite-rich refractory sand composition includes a mixture. The mixture includes: a) a carbon bridging agent, the carbon bridging agent being present in the mixture in a proportion of from approximately 5 to approximately 15 percent by weight of the mixture; and b) a synthetic forsterite-rich sand, the synthetic forsterite-rich sand being free-flowing, having a MgO:SiO.sub.2 weight ratio of at least approximately 1.2, a specific gravity of approximately 3 g/cm.sup.3, a void volume of less than approximately 50 percent by volume of the synthetic forsterite-rich sand, and a fusion point of at least approximately 1610.degree. C., wherein i) at least approximately 50 percent by weight of the synthetic forsterite-rich sand is forsterite, and ii) from approximately 3 to approximately 27 percent by weight of the synthetic forsterite-rich sand is maghemite. The compositions and methods provide advantages in that the resulting refractory product have suitable characteristics with respect to size distribution, packing ability, thermal resistance and sintering properties for utilization as ladle sand or for similar refractory uses.
Abstract:
A process for obtaining a synthetic refractory sand for use in steelmaking, said synthetic refractory sand being free-flowing, comprising at least 50% forsterite, having semi-angular and irregularly shaped grains, lenses and flat grains, a specific gravity of approximately 3 g/cm.sup.3, a void volume of less than approximately 50%, a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 1.09.times.10.sup.-5 and a fusion point of at least 1610.degree. C. including the steps of: (a) agglomerating a mixture comprising a particulate starting material selected from the group consisting of serpentine-containing asbestos tailings and an enstatite-containing product produced by calcining serpentine-containing asbestos tailings and from 10% to 25%, based on the total weight of mixture, of magnesium oxides or precursors of magnesium oxides with an aqueous binder solution to obtain agglomerates of said mixture; (b) calcining said agglomerates at a temperature of from 1200.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. for from 1 to 2 hours; (c) recovering said synthetic refractory sand from the calcined agglomerates; and (d) crushing said synthetic refractory sand to a desired mesh size.
Abstract:
The present invention provides systems and methods capable of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a coiled tubing directional drilling system capable of treating interior portions of the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a system and method capable of capturing real time temperature and resistivity data pertaining to pregnant solution characteristics in the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize one or more wire line deployed X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers capable of quantitatively measuring concentrations of desired metals in the heap/formation during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes multiple passes of elemental capture spectroscopy logs acquired at regular time intervals to monitor metal concentrations during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention provides one or more subsurface barriers capable of optimizing leaching operations.
Abstract:
A method of heap leaching including forming a heap lift, installing a horizontal solution collection system between the heap layers including a horizontal tubing with a wireline data collection tool disposed therein, providing a heap leach model for modeling the heap leach operation including a solvent formulation and a irrigation setting, obtaining collected data from the wireline data collection tool while irrigating the heap lift, the collected data including in-situ material parameters of the heap layers and in-situ solution parameters of the solution flowing in the heap layers, modeling the heap leach operation using the collected data based on the heap leach model to generate a result, and adjusting the heap leach operation based on the result.
Abstract:
An extended depth of field (EDOF) imaging system that has a corresponding extended depth of focus (EDOF′). The imaging system has an optical system consisting of a single lens element and an objectwise aperture stop arrange substantially at a zero-coma axial position. The single lens element is configured so that the optical system has a select amount of spherical aberration (SA) in the range 0.2λ≦SA≦2λ, where λ is an imaging wavelength. The single lens element generates an amount of axial chromatic aberration that increases the EDOF while decreasing the average MTF of the optical system relative to the optical system having no chromatic aberration. The imaging system has an image sensor for forming a digitized raw image of an object.
Abstract translation:扩展景深(EDOF)成像系统具有相应的扩展焦深(EDOF')。 该成像系统具有由单个透镜元件和基本上在零昏迷轴向位置排列的物镜孔径光阑组成的光学系统。 单透镜元件被配置为使得光学系统具有在0.2λ@ SA @2λ范围内的选择量的球面像差(SA),其中λ是成像波长。 单个透镜元件产生一定量的轴向色差,其增加了EDOF,同时相对于没有色差的光学系统减小了光学系统的平均MTF。 成像系统具有用于形成物体的数字化原始图像的图像传感器。
Abstract:
An extended depth of field (EDOF) imaging system (10) is disclosed that has an optical system (20) consisting of a single lens element (22) having a focal length (F), a thickness (TH) between 0.25F and 1.2F, and an objectwise aperture stop (AS). The optical system has a select amount of spherical aberration (SA) that allows for correcting coma by positioning the aperture stop. The optical system has an amount of field curvature (FC) such that 20 microns≦FC≦300 microns, which is made possible by the thickness of the single lens element. The imaging system has an image sensor (30) and an image processing unit (54) adapted to process raw images to form contrast-enhanced images.
Abstract:
A method for depth matching borehole images and/or core section images is disclosed wherein signals from sensors at different levels on a logging tool are converted into an averaged signal representing the average bed signal at the center of the borehole at each of the different levels. A depth matching technique is applied to the averaged signals from the sensors at different levels on the logging tool to determine the optimum depth offset necessary for matching two sets of signals from sensors at the different levels of the logging tool. In an alternative embodiment of the invention a Hough transform is utilized to process the well log images and generate three-dimensional images in Hough space. The three dimensional images are converted into two-dimensional extremum curves. Depth matching is performed on the two dimensional extremum curves to calculate an offset to match the two dimensional extremum curves. The calculated offset is then applied to the well log images to depth match them.
Abstract:
A synthetic forsterite-rich refractory sand composition for use as a taphole nozzle refractory sand for a sliding gate system of a steel ladle, the synthetic forsterite-rich sand composition including a mixture, the mixture including: a) a carbon bridging agent, the carbon bridging agent being present in the mixture in a proportion of from 5 to 15 percent by weight of the mixture; and b) a synthetic forsterite-rich sand, the synthetic forsterite-rich sand being free-flowing, having a MgO:SiO.sub.2 weight ratio of at least 1.2, a specific gravity of approximately 3 g/cm.sup.3, a void volume of less than approximately 50 percent by volume of the synthetic forsterite-rich refractory sand, and a fusion point of at least 1610.degree. C. At least 50 percent by weight of the synthetic forsterite-rich sand is forsterite; and from 8 to 27 percent by weight of the synthetic forsterite-rich sand is maghemite.
Abstract translation:一种用作钢包浇道系统的出钢口耐火砂的合成富含镁橄榄石的耐火砂组合物,含有混合物的合成富含镁橄榄石的砂组合物包括:a)碳桥接剂,碳 桥联剂以混合物的5至15重量%的比例存在于混合物中; 和b)富含镁橄榄石的砂,合成的富含镁橄榄石的砂是自由流动的,MgO:SiO 2重量比为至少1.2,比重为约3g / cm 3,空隙体积小于约 合成的富含镁橄榄石的耐火砂的50体积%,熔点至少为1610℃。至少50重量%的富含镁橄榄石的砂是镁橄榄石; 而合成镁橄榄石砂的重量比为8%至27%是磁赤铁矿。