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    Method and apparatus for making snow
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for making snow 失效
    雪的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5884841A

    公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

    申请号：US845760

    申请日：1997-04-25

    申请人： H. Ronald Ratnik ,  Louis N. Rapp ,  Timothy C.Y. Wang

    发明人： H. Ronald Ratnik ,  Louis N. Rapp ,  Timothy C.Y. Wang

    IPC分类号： F25C3/04

    CPC分类号： F25C3/04 ,  F25C2303/0481

    摘要： Snow-making apparatus comprises the combination of a bulk water nozzle for projecting a spray of water particles into the air, and a plurality of nucleators for injecting ice particles (nuclei) into the spray to provide nucleation sites about the water particles freeze and form snow particles or crystals. Each nucleator comprises discrete nozzles for respectively projecting air and water particles to a location at which they collide in the open air to form ice particles. Because the ice particles are formed "externally" of any housing, the "freeze-up" problem associated with the "internal-mix" nucleators of the prior art is avoided. Preferably, each of the water nozzles of the external mix nucleators projects a relatively thin "sheet" of water which collides with a similar pattern of compressed air which acts (a) to break-up the water into relatively tiny droplets (e.g. 5-100 microns in size) which quickly freeze to form the ice nuclei of about the same size, and (b) to project a relatively flat pattern of ice nuclei towards the bulk water spray.

    摘要翻译： 制雪设备包括用于将水粒子喷射到空气中的散装水喷嘴和用于将冰颗粒（核）注入喷雾器中的多个成核剂的组合，以提供围绕水粒子的成核位置的冷冻和形成雪 颗粒或晶体。 每个成核剂包括用于分别将空气和水颗粒投射到它们在露天空气中碰撞的位置以形成冰颗粒的离散喷嘴。 因为冰颗粒是由外壳形成的，所以避免了与现有技术的“内部混合”成核剂有关的“冻结”问题。 优选地，外部混合物成核剂的每个水喷嘴投射相对薄的“片”水，其与相似的压缩空气模式相撞，其作用为（a）将水分解成相对小的液滴（例如5-100 微小尺寸），其迅速冷冻以形成大约相同尺寸的冰核，和（b）将相对平坦的冰核图案投射到大量喷水。

    Method and apparatus for applying a cinch member to the ends of a suture
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for applying a cinch member to the ends of a suture 失效
    将束带构件应用于缝合线的端部的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5520702A

    公开(公告)日：1996-05-28

    申请号：US201289

    申请日：1994-02-24

    申请人： Jude S. Sauer ,  Louis N. Rapp ,  Thomas A. Tiberio

    发明人： Jude S. Sauer ,  Louis N. Rapp ,  Thomas A. Tiberio

    IPC分类号： A61B17/04 ,  A61B17/122

    CPC分类号： A61B17/0487 ,  A61B17/0469 ,  A61B17/122 ,  A61B17/0485 ,  A61B2017/0454 ,  A61B2017/0464 ,  A61B2017/0479 ,  A61B2017/0488 ,  Y10T29/53226 ,  Y10T29/53491

    摘要： A surgical apparatus and method of use is provided for applying and maintaining a securing member upon a length of suture material which extends from body tissue. The apparatus essentially comprises a handle assembly, and elongated housing extending distally from the handle assembly and a tool assembly preferably detachably connected to a distal end of the body portion and remotely operable from the handle. The tool assembly enables a surgeon to compress and maintain a securing member upon suture material in the body cavity while also providing means to cut unsecured suture material which extends from the compressed securing member. Additionally, an instrumentation kit is provided which includes the surgical apparatus and at least one additional tool assembly, as mentioned above, in cooperation with a top cover portion and a bottom cover portion.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种外科手术装置和使用方法，用于在从身体组织延伸的缝合材料长度上施加和保持固定构件。 该装置基本上包括手柄组件和从手柄组件向远侧延伸的细长壳体，以及工具组件，优选地可拆卸地连接到主体部分的远端并且可从手柄远程操作。 工具组件使得外科医生能够在体腔中的缝合材料上压缩和保持固定构件，同时还提供用于切割从压缩的固定构件延伸的不安全的缝合材料的装置。 此外，提供了一种如上所述的与顶盖部分和底盖部分协作的包括手术装置和至少一个另外的工具组件的仪器套件。

    Electromechanical translation apparatus
    5.
    发明授权
    Electromechanical translation apparatus 失效
    机电翻译装置

    公开(公告)号：US4874979A

    公开(公告)日：1989-10-17

    申请号：US253162

    申请日：1988-10-03

    申请人： Louis N. Rapp

    发明人： Louis N. Rapp

    IPC分类号： G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H01J37/20 ,  H01J37/28 ,  H01L41/09

    CPC分类号： G01Q10/04 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  H02N2/023

    摘要： An electromechanical translator apparatus (24) which is especially suitable for use as the coarse positioner in a scanning tunneling microscope (10) (STM) which enables a specimen to be positioned with a resolution in the order of atomic distances (in the nanometer range) has a housing (26) containing a piezolectric driver in the form of a sleeve (32) surrounding a shaft (21) on one end of which the specimen (18) may be mounted. The driver sleeve (32) has an extension element (2) with clamping elements (1, 3) on opposite ends thereof and is connected and referenced to the housing at a region (4) thereon spaced from the extension element and preferably between the extension element (2) and the one of the clamping elements (1) closest to the end of the shaft (22) on which the specimen (18) is mounted (in the direction of controlled movement toward the scanning tip (16) of the STM). Because of the position of the connection (36) and referencing of the housing (26 ) undesired movement of the shaft such as upon engagement and releasing of the clamping elements (glitch movement) or due to piezoelectric material creep effects or spurious movement of the shaft (21) due to power supply noise, which changes the voltage applied to the extension element, is avoided thereby enabling controlled motion with resolution in the range required for STM applications and other applications which require high resolution controlled motion.