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公开(公告)号：US4968150A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US317842
申请日：1989-03-02
CPC分类号： G01R21/04 , G01K17/003 , H01P1/262
摘要： In an arrangement for measuring the energy of a microwave pulse a container (2) is placed on the end of a waveguide (1). In container (2) there is an absorption liquid (3) with a given heat content, which absorbs the energy of the irradiated microwave pulse. The increase of the heat content thus caused which corresponds to the energy of the microwave pulse is determined by the volume expansion of the absorption liquid (3). For this purpose container (2) is connected to a capillary (4). Preferably container (2) is covered with a reflection layer (12). Further, it is additionally connected to a balancing volume (5) and is cooled with a cooling coil (14).
摘要翻译： 在用于测量微波脉冲的能量的装置中，容器（2）被放置在波导（1）的端部上。 在容器（2）中，存在具有给定热含量的吸收液体（3），其吸收照射的微波脉冲的能量。 由此引起的与微波脉冲的能量对应的热量的增加由吸收液体（3）的体积膨胀决定。 为此目的，容器（2）连接到毛细管（4）。 容器（2）优选被反射层（12）覆盖。 此外，还连接到平衡容积（5），并用冷却盘管（14）冷却。
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公开(公告)号：US4878037A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-31
申请号：US233826
申请日：1988-08-19
CPC分类号： H01P1/042
摘要： A flange connection for round waveguides achieves a high-accuracy coaxiality of two round mutually adjoining waveguides (1a, 1b) by means of a radially elastic centering ring (3). The flange connection comprises two independent flange rings (2a, 2b) which are in each case attached to one end of the waveguides (1a, 1b), in which arrangement they are attached so as to be undisplaceable in the axial direction for a construction of the flange connection but to be freely rotatable around the respective waveguide. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flange rings (2a, 2b) are constructed in such a manner that the flange connection can be joined in the manner of a bayonet lock.
摘要翻译： 用于圆形波导的法兰连接通过径向弹性定心环（3）实现两个相邻的相邻波导（1a，1b）的高精度同轴度。 法兰连接包括两个独立的法兰环（2a，2b），每个独立的法兰环（2a，2b）各自附着在波导（1a，1b）的一端，其中它们被安装成在轴向上不可置换的结构 该凸缘连接件可围绕相应的波导自由旋转。 根据本发明的优选实施例，凸缘环（2a，2b）以这样的方式构造，使得凸缘连接可以以卡口锁的方式接合。
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公开(公告)号：US5051715A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US538669
申请日：1990-06-15
CPC分类号： H01P1/08
摘要： A coupling-out window for linearly polarized high-power microwaves exhibits at least one plate transparent to microwaves and cooling fins. The cooling fins are situated together with the plate in a plate plane and are aligned perpendicular to a direction of polarization of the microwaves. They are in heat-conducting and pressure-locking contact with the plate.
摘要翻译： 用于线偏振高功率微波的耦合输出窗显示出对微波和冷却片透明的至少一个板。 冷却翅片与板一起位于板平面中并且垂直于微波的偏振方向排列。 它们与板的导热和压力锁定接触。
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4.发明授权Quasi-optical gyrotron having a yoke structure shielding the superconductive resonator from unwanted magnetic fields 失效具有摇摆结构的准光电陀螺屏蔽来自无源磁场的超导谐振器
公开(公告)号：US5134341A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US533822
申请日：1990-06-06
申请人： Bernd Jodicke , Hans-Gunter Mathews
发明人： Bernd Jodicke , Hans-Gunter Mathews
CPC分类号： H01J25/025 , Y10S505/70
摘要： In a quasi-optical gyrotron, two coils (3a, 3b) in a Helmholtz arrangement generate a static magnetic field which is axially symmetrical with respect to an electron beam axis (2). As a result, the electrons passing along the electron beam axis (2) parallel to the magnetic field are forced into gyration and excite an alternating electromagnetic field in a quasi-optical resonator. The resonator comprises two mirrors (4a, 4b) which are arranged opposite to one another on a resonator axis (5) and which exhibit a superconducting reflective surface (6a, 6b). The resonator axis (5) is aligned perpendicularly to the electron beam axis (2) between the two coils (3a, 3b). So that the superconduction is not impaired by the strong magnetic field, means for suppressing the magnetic field at the location of the mirros (4a, 4b) are provided. These means preferably comprise a yoke (10) of a material having a high magnetic permeability.
摘要翻译： 在准光学陀螺仪中，亥姆霍兹布置中的两个线圈（3a，3b）产生相对于电子束轴线（2）轴向对称的静态磁场。 结果，沿着电子束轴（2）平行于磁场的电子被强制转动并在准光谐振器中激发交变电磁场。 谐振器包括在谐振器轴线（5）上彼此相对布置并且具有超导反射表面（6a，6b）的两个反射镜（4a，4b）。 谐振器轴线（5）垂直于两个线圈（3a，3b）之间的电子束轴线（2）排列。 为了使超导不受强磁场的影响，提供了用于抑制在镜片（4a，4b）的位置处的磁场的装置。 这些装置优选地包括具有高磁导率的材料的轭（10）。
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5.发明授权High-power low-voltage tetrode having a full walled matrix cathode and a control grid spacing of less than 1 mm 失效具有全壁式矩阵阴极的大功率低电压四极杆和小于1MM的控制网格间距
公开(公告)号：US5206565A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-27
申请号：US805613
申请日：1991-12-12
摘要： In a controllable high-power electron tube in the form of a tetrode, the anode direct voltage is reduced to less than 10 kV with an anode efficiency of greater than 80%. The tube includes coaxially arranged electrodes including a cylindrical indirectly heated full walled matrix cathode containing BaO, a cylindrical control grid, a cylindrical screen grid and an anode, where the spacing between the control grid and the cathode and the spacing between the control grid and the screen grid is less than 1 mm. Such a tube can be used for achieving AM broadcast transmitters which are distinguished by a compact construction, the overall efficiency remaining largely unchanged.
摘要翻译： 在四极形式的可控大功率电子管中，阳极直流电压降低到小于10kV，阳极效率大于80％。 该管包括同轴布置的电极，其包括包含BaO的圆柱形间接加热的全壁基体阴极，圆柱形控制栅格，圆柱形栅格栅格和阳极，其中控制栅极和阴极之间的间距以及控制栅格与 筛网小于1 mm。 这样的管可以用于实现通过紧凑结构来区分的AM广播发射机，整体效率基本保持不变。
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6.发明授权Quasi-optical gyrotron having angularly spaced quasi-optical resonators lying in a common plane 失效具有位于公共平面中的具有角度间隔的准光学谐振器的准光学陀螺仪
公开(公告)号：US5144194A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-01
申请号：US511311
申请日：1990-04-19
CPC分类号： H01J25/025
摘要： A quasi-optical gyrotron for the production of electromagnetic radiation in the form of mm waves has several high-power resonators. Resonators have two mirrors each lying on a resonator longitudinal axis aligned perpendicular to an electron beam axis. The electron beam axis is thus given by the path of the electrons forced to gyration by a static magnetic field. Resonator longitudinal axes are basically in a common plane perpendicular to the electron beam axis and form an angle greater than zero.
摘要翻译： 用于生产mm波形形式的电磁辐射的准光学陀螺仪具有几个大功率谐振器。 谐振器具有两个反射镜，每个反射镜都位于垂直于电子束轴线对准的谐振器纵轴上。 因此，电子束轴由被静电磁场强制回转的电子的路径给出。 谐振器纵轴基本上处于与电子束轴垂直的共同平面，并形成大于零的角度。
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公开(公告)号：US5052003A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-24
申请号：US531104
申请日：1990-05-31
申请人： Hans-Gunter Mathews
发明人： Hans-Gunter Mathews
IPC分类号： H01J25/00 , H01J23/207 , H01J25/02
CPC分类号： H01J23/207 , H01J25/025
摘要： In a quasi-optical gyrotron, two coils (3a, 3b) in a Helmholtz arrangement generrate a static magnetic field aligned parallel to an electron beam axis (2). As a result, the electrons passing along the electron beam axis (2) parallel to the magnetic field are forced into gyration and excite an alternating electromagnetic field in a quasi-optical resonator. The resonator comprises two mirrors (4a, 4b) arranged opposite to one another on a resonator axis (5). The resonator axis (5) is aligned perpendicularly to the electron beam axis (2) between the two coils (3a, 3b). The mirrors exhibit a mutual distance which is much greater than one half wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. To generate a wideband radiation, at least one mirror, (4b) is moved at a high frequency by at least about one half wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation by a vibrator (10).
摘要翻译： 在准光学陀螺仪中，亥姆霍兹布置中的两个线圈（3a，3b）产生平行于电子束轴线（2）排列的静态磁场。 结果，沿着电子束轴（2）平行于磁场的电子被强制转动并在准光谐振器中激发交变电磁场。 谐振器包括在谐振器轴线（5）上彼此相对布置的两个反射镜（4a，4b）。 谐振器轴线（5）垂直于两个线圈（3a，3b）之间的电子束轴线（2）排列。 反射镜呈现远远大于电磁辐射的一半波长的相互距离。 为了产生宽带辐射，至少一个反射镜（4b）通过振动器（10）以高频率移动至少约一半的电磁辐射波长。
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8.发明授权Quasi-optical gyrotron having a rotatable mount for providing resonator mirrors of a selected frequency 失效具有用于提供选择频率的谐振器镜头的可旋转安装的准光学陀螺仪
公开(公告)号：US5138230A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-11
申请号：US570347
申请日：1990-08-21
申请人： Bernd Jodicke , Hans-Gunter Mathews
发明人： Bernd Jodicke , Hans-Gunter Mathews
CPC分类号： H01J25/025
摘要： In a quasi-optical gyrotron an electron beam (1) passes along an electron beam axis (2) and in so doing is compressed by a static magnetic field and forced into gyration, so that it excites in a quasi-optical resonator a standing alternating electro-magnetic field of given frequency. The resonator exhibits two mirrors (4a, 4b) arranged opposite to one another on a resonator axis (5) aligned perpendicular to the electron beam axis (2). In order to generate radiation in a wide frequency range, each of the two mirrors (4a, 4b) of the resonator is arranged in each case on a movable mount (8a, 8b) together with at least one further mirror (4c, 4d). In order to set a specific frequency of the alternating field, it is possible for two mirrors (4c, 4d), corresponding to one another and tuned to the desired frequency, to be brought onto the resonator axis by actuating the movable mounts (8a, 8b). Up to six mirrors are preferably attached to a revolver-type rotatable mount which is rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the resonator axis.
摘要翻译： 在准光学陀螺仪中，电子束（1）沿着电子束轴（2）通过，并且这样做被静态磁场压缩并被迫回转，使得其在准光学谐振器中激发站立交替 给定频率的电磁场。 谐振器具有在垂直于电子束轴线（2）排列的谐振器轴线（5）上彼此相对布置的两个反射镜（4a，4b）。 为了在宽的频率范围内产生辐射，谐振器的两个反射镜（4a，4b）中的每一个都与至少一个另外的反射镜（4c，4d）一起被布置在可移动的支架（8a，8b）上， 。 为了设定交变场的特定频率，通过致动可移动的支架（8a，8a）可以将彼此对应并调谐到期望频率的两个反射镜（4c，4d）带到谐振器轴上， 8b）。 最多六个镜子优选地连接到可围绕平行于谐振器轴线的旋转轴线旋转的旋转式可旋转安装座。
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9.发明授权Quasi-optical gyrotron having an electron gun with alternating high and low density electron emitting segments 失效具有高密度和低密度电子发射部分的电子枪的准光电陀螺
公开(公告)号：US5134343A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US570794
申请日：1990-08-22
申请人： Hans-Gunter Mathews
发明人： Hans-Gunter Mathews
IPC分类号： H01J23/04 , H01J23/075 , H01J25/00 , H01J25/02
CPC分类号： H01J23/04 , H01J23/075 , H01J25/025
摘要： For the purpose of generating an electron beam (5), a quasi-optical gyrotron comprises an electron-beam gun (1) with an annular cathode (2). The electron beam (5) passes along an electron beam axis (6) and in so doing is compressed by a static magnetic field and forced into gyration, so that it excites in a quasi-optical resonator a standing alternating electromagnetic field of specific wavelength. The resonator exhibits two mirrors (9a, 9b) arranged opposite to one another on a resonator axis (8) aligned perpendicular to the electron beam axis (6). In order to increase the efficiency of the gyrotron, the annular cathode (2) alternately exhibits segments of high and low emitting power such that the electron beam (5) has an azimuthally varying current density, values of low current density in the resonator coinciding spatially with nodal surfaces of the standing alternating electromagnetic field.
摘要翻译： 为了产生电子束（5），准光学陀螺仪包括具有环形阴极（2）的电子束枪（1）。 电子束（5）沿着电子束轴（6）通过，并且这样做被静态磁场压缩并被迫回转，从而在准光谐振器中激发具有特定波长的站立交变电磁场。 谐振器具有在垂直于电子束轴线（6）对准的谐振器轴线（8）上彼此相对布置的两个反射镜（9a，9b）。 为了提高陀螺仪的效率，环形阴极（2）交替地呈现高发射功率和低发射功率的片段，使得电子束（5）具有方位角变化的电流密度，谐振器中的低电流密度值在空间上重合 具有站立的交变电磁场的节点表面。
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10.发明授权Electron beam device having a direct current feed with switching stages therein 失效电子束装置，其中具有切换级的直流进料
公开(公告)号：US5440202A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US30889
申请日：1993-03-12
IPC分类号： H01J19/38 , H01J19/82 , H01J21/10 , H01J23/027 , H01J23/34 , H01J25/00 , H02M7/19 , H05H5/00
CPC分类号： H02M7/19 , H01J23/0275 , H01J23/34 , H05H5/00
摘要： In an electron beam device having a cathode (1), in which a high-power electron beam propagating along a beam axis (5) is generated, an anode (3) arranged behind the cathode (1) in the direction of beam axis (5), and a collector (4), arranged behind the anode (3) in the direction of the beam axis (5), for decelerating the electrons of the electron beam, the collector (4) is constructed of several collector stages (6) which are arranged successively in the direction of the beam axis (5) and which successively decrease in potential. A high-voltage direct-current supply (13), which consists of a series of similar switching stages (S1, . . . , S6) which are in each case constructed as switchable medium-voltage sources and the outputs of which are connected in series, is provided for the feed arrangement. The potentials of the collector stages (6) are provided by corresponding taps between the switching stages (S1, . . . , S6) of the high-voltage direct-current supply (13 ).
摘要翻译： 在具有阴极（1）的电子束装置中，其中产生沿着光束轴线（5）传播的大功率电子束的阳极（3）在阴极（1）的沿光束轴线方向 5）以及在该光束轴线（5）的方向上布置在该阳极（3）的后面的用于使电子束的电子减速的收集器（4），该集电极（4）由几个收集器级 ），其沿着光束轴线（5）的方向依次布置并且依次降低电位。 一种高压直流电源（13），由一系列类似的开关级（S1，...，S6）组成，它们分别构成可切换的中压电源，其输出端连接在 系列，用于饲料装置。 集电极级（6）的电位由高压直流电源（13）的开关级（S1，...，S6）之间的相应抽头提供。
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