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    Solid waste refining and conversion to methanol
    3.
    发明授权
    Solid waste refining and conversion to methanol 失效
    固体废物精炼和甲醇转化

    公开(公告)号：US5104419A

    公开(公告)日：1992-04-14

    申请号：US486394

    申请日：1990-02-28

    申请人： Harald F. Funk

    发明人： Harald F. Funk

    IPC分类号： C07C29/151 ,  C10J3/02

    CPC分类号： C10J3/02 ,  C07C29/1518 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/026 ,  C10K3/00 ,  C10K3/04 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/1665 ,  C10J2300/1815 ,  Y02E50/32 ,  Y02P20/582

    摘要： A process for converting solid waste into a synthesis suitable for producing liquid fuel, comprising (a) partially oxidizing and combusting solid waste material in a closed combustion zone at a temperature of 800.degree.-1000.degree. C. and at a pressure below ambient to produce combustion gases by introducing into the combustion zone a gaseous oxidant comprising oxygen having a purity of at least 95% by volume and carbon dioxide in an oxygen to carbon dioxide ratio, by volume, of about 50:50, (b) conducting the combustion gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide through the solid waste material; (c) withdrawing a producer gas comprising the combustion gases and any unreacted oxygen and carbon dioxide; (d) removing particulate matter from the producer gas; (e) separating carbon dioxide from the producer gas and recycling a portion of the separated carbon dioxide to the combustion zone; (f) separating the less volatile, condensable components of the carbon dioxide-free producer gas, from the more volatile, non-condensable synthesis gas components thereof, and (g) compressing the producer gas at some time prior to the completion step (e). In a preferred embodiment, the more volatile components and at least a portion of the separated carbon dioxide from step (e) are admixed and the resulting admixed gas mixture is reacted to form methanol. Preferably, the less volatile components are converted by chemical reaction to hydrogen and the hydrogen is recycled into admixture with the producer gas at some time prior to the commencement of step (e).

    Prehydrolysis and digestion of plant material
    4.
    发明授权
    Prehydrolysis and digestion of plant material 失效
    预处理和消化植物材料

    公开(公告)号：US4070232A

    公开(公告)日：1978-01-24

    申请号：US582349

    申请日：1975-05-30

    申请人： Harald F. Funk

    发明人： Harald F. Funk

    IPC分类号： C13K13/00 ,  D21C1/04

    CPC分类号： C13K13/002 ,  D21C1/04

    摘要： Plant material containing hemicellulose and lignin is prehydrolyzed in the presence of steam and the vapors of a dilute acid solution having a pH of 1.5-3.5 at a temperature of 105.degree. C to 135.degree. C for 7-20 minutes to hydrolyze the hemicellulose into pentoses and hexoses and to leave a fibrous material and a liquid, said liquid containing said pentoses and hexoses. The liquid is separated from the fibrous material, and the pentoses and hexoses are recovered from the liquid. The fibrous material is digested with white liquor at a temperature of 105.degree. C to 135.degree. C.

    摘要翻译： 含有半纤维素和木质素的植物材料在蒸气存在下进行预水解，在105℃至135℃的温度下，pH为1.5-3.5的稀酸溶液蒸发7-20分钟，以将半纤维素水解成戊糖 和己糖，并留下纤维材料和液体，所述液体含有戊糖和己糖。 将液体与纤维材料分离，从液体中回收戊糖和己糖。 纤维材料用白液在105℃至135℃的温度下消化。

    System for solar energy collection and recovery
    6.
    发明授权
    System for solar energy collection and recovery 失效
    太阳能收集和回收系统

    公开(公告)号：US4676068A

    公开(公告)日：1987-06-30

    申请号：US812989

    申请日：1985-12-24

    申请人： Harald F. Funk

    发明人： Harald F. Funk

    IPC分类号： B01D53/00 ,  C10J3/06 ,  F02C1/05 ,  F02C6/14 ,  F02C6/18 ,  F23J15/00 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F24S20/20 ,  F03G7/02 ,  F24J3/02

    CPC分类号： B01D53/005 ,  C10J3/06 ,  F02C1/05 ,  F02C6/14 ,  F02C6/18 ,  F23J15/006 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F24J2/07 ,  F23J2215/10 ,  F23J2215/20 ,  F23J2215/30 ,  F23J2215/40 ,  F23J2215/50 ,  F23J2217/10 ,  F23J2217/40 ,  F23J2219/70 ,  F24J2002/075 ,  F28D2021/0019 ,  Y02E10/41 ,  Y02E20/363 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/134

    摘要： A system for the collection of solar radiation and the recovery of thermal energy therefrom includes solar radiation receiver means at or near the focus of a solar radiation concentrating means for absorbing the solar radiation, converting it to thermal energy and transferring the thermal energy to ambient air drawn over the receiver means and, thereafter, directed to an energy reclamation unit. In the energy reclamation unit the heated ambient air deposits a portion of its thermal energy in regenerators, from which it is recovered by a compressed air stream, and transfers a portion of its thermal energy to a power fluid. The thermal energy of the ambient air is reclaimed from the compressed air stream and the power fluid as shaft work in expansion turbines. In a preferred embodiment, the solar radiation receiver means comprises a high temperature resistant, porous, convex enclosure having inner and outer porous, convex surfaces arranged in spaced apart nested relationship for defining therebetween an annular space which is randomly filled with a plurality of close to ideal black body solar radiation absorbing elements.

    摘要翻译： 用于收集太阳辐射和从其中回收热能的系统包括在用于吸收太阳辐射的太阳辐射集中装置的焦点处或附近的太阳辐射接收装置，用于吸收太阳辐射，将其转换成热能并将热能传递到环境空气 被拉过接收器装置，然后被引导到能量回收单元。 在能量回收单元中，加热的环境空气将其热能的一部分沉积在再生器中，通过压缩空气流将其回收，并将其热能的一部分转移到动力流体。 环境空气的热能从压缩空气流中回收，动力流体作为轴在膨胀涡轮机中工作。 在优选实施例中，太阳辐射接收器装置包括耐高温，多孔的凸形外壳，其具有以间隔开的嵌套关系布置的内部和外部多孔的凸形表面，用于在其间限定环形空间，其中随机填充多个接近 理想的黑体太阳辐射吸收元件。