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1.发明授权Apparatus and method for NO.sub.x reduction by selective injection of natural gas jets in flue gas 失效通过在烟道气中选择性地喷射天然气射流来减少NOx的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5915310A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US507928
申请日：1995-07-27
CPC分类号： F23C6/047 , F23C2202/20 , F23J2215/10 , F23L2900/07009
摘要： A method of reducing NO.sub.x determines an NO.sub.x concentration profile within a zone of the furnace which is at a temperature below 2600.degree. F. A stream of fluid fuel is injected into at least one region of relatively high NO.sub.x concentration so that the fluid fuel mixes therein with the flue gas. The fluid fuel is natural gas, hydrogen, C.sub.x H.sub.y compounds, C.sub.x H.sub.y O.sub.z compounds or mixtures primarily of those compounds, in sufficient quantity to promote a reaction between nitrogen oxide in the flue gas and the fluid fuel, so as to substantially reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas. The injector through which the fluid fuel is injected can be moveable and may have valves or deflectors to aid in directing the fluid fuel to regions of relatively high NO.sub.x concentration.
摘要翻译： 一种还原NOx的方法决定了炉内温度低于2600°F的区域内的NOx浓度分布。流体燃料流注入至少一个具有较高NOx浓度的区域，以使流体燃料在其中混合 与烟气。 流体燃料是天然气，氢，C x H y化合物，C x H y O z化合物或主要由那些化合物混合的物质，其量足以促进烟气中的氮氧化物与流体燃料之间的反应，以便基本上减少 烟气 注入流体燃料的喷射器可以是可移动的并且可以具有阀或偏转器，以帮助将流体燃料引导到具有较高NOx浓度的区域。
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公开(公告)号：US06258336B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-10
申请号：US09276910
申请日：1999-03-26
申请人： Bernard P. Breen , Harjit S. Hura
发明人： Bernard P. Breen , Harjit S. Hura
IPC分类号： C01B2120
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/79 , F23C6/047 , F23C2201/101 , F23C2201/301 , F23J7/00
摘要： In a furnace having a primary combustion zone for combustion of a fuel and oxidant, an in-furnace method for reducing nitrogen oxides in combustion products generated in the primary combustion zone in which at least one fluid fuel selected from the group consisting of natural gas, hydrogen, CxHy compounds, CxHyOz compounds and mixtures thereof in an amount in a range of about 2.0% to about 25% of a total heat input to the furnace and at least one nitrogenous compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, amines, urea, cyanuric acid and mixtures thereof are injected into the furnace downstream of the primary combustion zone, forming an overall fuel-lean NOx-reduction zone.
摘要翻译： 在具有用于燃烧和氧化剂燃烧的初级燃烧区的炉子中，用于还原在主燃烧区产生的燃烧产物中的氮氧化物的炉内方法，其中至少一种选自天然气， 氢，C x H y化合物，C x H y O z化合物及其混合物，其量为输入炉内总热量的约2.0％至约25％，以及至少一种选自氨，胺，脲， 将氰尿酸及其混合物注入到主燃烧区下游的炉中，形成总体贫燃氮氧化物还原区。
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3.发明授权Nitrogen oxide reduction by gaseous fuel injection in low temperature, overall fuel-lean flue gas 失效通过气体燃料喷射在低温，总体贫燃料烟气中还原氮氧化物
公开(公告)号：US5908003A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US908824
申请日：1997-08-08
申请人： Harjit S. Hura , Bernard P. Breen
发明人： Harjit S. Hura , Bernard P. Breen
CPC分类号： F23N5/006 , F23C1/12 , F23C6/047 , F23L7/00 , F23C2201/101 , F23C2201/301 , F23C2202/20 , F23N2037/08
摘要： A process and apparatus for combustion of a solid carbonaceous material, for example coal, in which a mixture of the solid carbonaceous material and combustion air is injected into a combustion chamber and ignited, thereby forming a fuel-lean primary combustion zone. A gaseous fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in a region downstream of the primary combustion zone, thereby forming a fuel-lean secondary combustion zone. Temperature in the secondary combustion zone is in the range of about 1800.degree. F. to 2400.degree. F.
摘要翻译： 用于燃烧固体碳质材料（例如煤）的方法和装置，其中将固体碳质材料和燃烧空气的混合物注入燃烧室并点燃，从而形成贫燃料初级燃烧区。 气体燃料在主燃烧区域下游的区域中被注入到燃烧室中，从而形成贫燃料二次燃烧区域。 二次燃烧区的温度在约1800°F至2400°F的范围内。
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4.发明授权Apparatus and method for NO.sub.x reduction by controlled mixing of fuel rich jets in flue gas 失效燃料浓缩喷嘴在烟气中的控制混合的NOx还原装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5655899A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US417916
申请日：1995-04-06
CPC分类号： F23C6/047 , F23D14/22 , F23C2201/101
摘要： A fuel injector has an inner pipe within an outer pipe. The distal end of the inner pipe is set back from the distal end of the outer pipe to create a flame stabilization and mixing zone. A combustible gas and air mixture injected through the outer pipe forms a flame shroud around a gas stream injected through the inner pipe. This injector provides increased flame penetration and improved NO.sub.x reduction particularly when used to inject a flame shrouded gas stream into regions of the furnace at which the flue gas is at a temperature not greater than 2400.degree. F.
摘要翻译： 燃料喷射器在外管内具有内管。 内管的远端从外管的远端回放以形成火焰稳定和混合区。 通过外管注入的可燃气体和空气混合物围绕通过内管喷射的气流形成火焰护罩。 该喷射器提供了增加的火焰穿透和改进的NOx还原，特别是当用于将火焰覆盖的气流注入到炉的不高于2400°F的炉的区域中时。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for detection, measurement and control of sulfur-trioxide and other condensables in flue gas 有权检测，测量和控制烟气中三氧化硫和其他可冷凝物的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08256267B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-04
申请号：US12540010
申请日：2009-08-12
IPC分类号： G01N25/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/14 , G01N25/68 , G01N33/0042
摘要： In a method of determining amounts of condensable species present in a gas containing condensable species a probe is placed into a gas containing condensable species. The probe has a plurality of spaced apart contacts on an outer non-conductive surface. That surface is heated at a selected heating rate and then cooled at a selected cooling rate over a selected time period. During that time period current flow between the contacts and the temperature of the non-conductive surface is monitored over the selected time period. Peaks in a plot of the current flow over the selected time period and the temperature for the time corresponding to each peak are then correlated to the condensable species has a kinetic dew point at each identified temperature. The identified temperature for each identified species is compared to a predetermined correlation of dew point temperature and concentration for that species to determine the concentration of that condensable species present in the gas.
摘要翻译： 在确定存在于含有可冷凝物质的气体中的可冷凝物质的量的方法中，将探针置于含有可冷凝物质的气体中。 探针在外部非导电表面上具有多个间隔开的接触。 将该表面以选定的加热速率加热，然后在选定的时间段内以选定的冷却速率冷却。 在该时间段期间，在所选择的时间段内监测触点之间的电流和非导电表面的温度。 然后在所选择的时间段内的电流曲线的峰值和对应于每个峰值的时间的温度的峰值与可冷凝物质相关联，在每个识别的温度下具有动态露点。 将每个鉴定物种的鉴定温度与该物质的露点温度和浓度的预定相关性进行比较，以确定气体中存在的可冷凝物质的浓度。
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公开(公告)号：US06478948B2
公开(公告)日：2002-11-12
申请号：US09793792
申请日：2001-02-26
IPC分类号： C23F1300
CPC分类号： G01N17/02 , F23G5/48 , F23M5/08 , F23M2900/05001
摘要： A method for monitoring and reducing corrosion in furnace boiler tubes measures electrochemical noise associated with corrosion mechanisms while corrosion is occurring at the surface of the tubes as they are exposed to combustion products. This noise is detected using a probe at the boiler waterwall surface that is connected to a corrosion monitor. The monitor contains a computer and software which determines a corrosion rate from the measured electrochemical noise. That rate is compared to a standard to determine if the rate is within acceptable limits. If not, the operator of the furnace or an Adaptive Process Controller (APC) is notified and adjusts one or more burners to change the combustion products that are responsible for the corrosion. Such an adjustment could be made by changing the amount of air or fuel being provided to the burner or other air slots or air ports. After that adjustment is made the furnace emissions could be checked for NOx, SOx and particulate emissions and further adjustments could be made to the burners to reduce those emissions.
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7.发明授权Apparatus and process for control of nitric oxide emissions from combustion devices using vortex rings and the like 失效用于控制使用涡环等的燃烧装置的一氧化氮排放的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5181475A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-26
申请号：US829430
申请日：1992-02-03
CPC分类号： F23C6/047 , F23C1/00 , F23C2201/101 , F23C2201/301
摘要： An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from the products of combustion is provided in which a vortex generator introduces natural gas, or other fluid fuel into the upper portion of a combustion device. The fuel introduced forms vortices, such as vortex rings, and the fuel reacts with the nitrogen oxide in the combustion products to form ammonia-like compounds, hydrogen cyanide and similar compounds, and nitrogen. The ammonia and cyanide-like fragments react with additional amounts of nitrogen oxide in the combustion products to form nitrogen gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. The vortex rings can be controlled and will maintain their integrity longer than puffs or simple jets of fuel.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于减少来自燃烧产物的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法，其中涡流发生器将天然气或其它流体燃料引入燃烧装置的上部。 引入的燃料形成漩涡，例如涡环，燃料与燃烧产物中的氮氧化物反应形成氨类化合物，氰化氢和类似化合物以及氮气。 氨和氰化物样碎片与燃烧产物中的额外量的氮氧化物反应以形成氮气，水蒸气和二氧化碳。 涡流环可以被控制，并且将保持它们的完整性比抽吸或简单的燃料喷射更长。
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公开(公告)号：US5141726A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-25
申请号：US608989
申请日：1990-11-05
IPC分类号： B01D53/56
CPC分类号： B01D53/56
摘要： Nitrogen oxide and dioxide content of flue gas from combustion devices is reduced by mixing combustion air and a gas or volatilized fuel in proportions below the lower combustible limit of the mixture and utilizing that mixture for at least a part of the combustion air supplied to the devices. The mixture may take the form of air contaminated with a fuel.
摘要翻译： 通过将燃烧空气和气体或挥发性燃料以低于混合物的较低可燃极限的比例混合来混合来减少来自燃烧装置的烟道气的氮氧化物和二氧化物含量，并且将该混合物用于供应给装置的至少一部分燃烧空气 。 混合物可能采取被燃料污染的空气的形式。
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公开(公告)号：US5044286A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US447789
申请日：1989-12-08
摘要： A method of recycling fly ash as slag in a wet bottom furnace is described. The furnace may have a cyclone furnace, a pulverized coal furnace, or any other type of furnace producing wet slag. All or part of the collected fly ash is collected and returned to the furnace and combined with enough fuel to melt the ash. Melted ash directed against a wall, floor or side of the cyclone or furnace will flow to the bottom of the furnace so as to facilitate the liquid slag. The fly ash may be collected by an electrostatic precipitator, baghouse, cyclone (multiclone) or other device. The fly ash may be returned to the furnace or the cyclone using air, flue gas, steam, fuel, or other gas as a carrier.
摘要翻译： 描述了在湿底炉中回收粉煤灰作为炉渣的方法。 炉子可以具有旋风炉，粉煤炉或任何其他类型的产生湿渣的炉。 收集的所有或部分收集的粉煤灰并返回到炉中并与足够的燃料混合以熔化灰分。 针对旋风分离器或炉子的壁，地板或侧面的熔融灰分将流到炉底，以便于液体渣。 飞灰可以通过静电除尘器，袋式除尘器，旋风分离器（multilone）或其他装置收集。 飞灰可以使用空气，烟道气，蒸汽，燃料或其它气体作为载体返回到炉子或旋风分离器。
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10.发明授权Control of mercury and other elemental metal emissions using reaction stabilization device 失效使用反应稳定装置控制汞和其他元素金属排放公开(公告)号：US07597864B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-06
申请号：US10892920
申请日：2004-07-16
IPC分类号： B01D47/00 , B01D53/46 , B01D53/86 , B01D45/00 , B01D46/00 , B01D53/00 , B01J8/02 , F23J11/00
CPC分类号： F23M9/003 , B01D53/64 , F23J7/00 , F23J2215/60 , F23J2219/80
摘要： Ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide are injected into the flue gas containing metals such as mercury in a manner so that there are sufficient amounts of these materials in the flue gas when the flue gas is at a temperature of from 900° F. to 1,450° F. to oxidize the metals within the flue gas. The oxidized metals are then attracted to particulates present in the flue gas. Oxidation is facilitated by a reaction zone stabilizer through which the flue gas flows. The stabilizer provides a stable continuous ignition front. These particulates bound with oxidized metals are removed from the flue gas by a particulate removal device such as an electrostatic precipitator or baghouse. After the ammonia is injected, the flue gas can be rapidly cooled to a temperature below 500° F. to minimize decomposition of oxidized metals in the flue gas.
摘要翻译： 氨和任选的一氧化碳被注入到含有金属如汞的烟道气中，使得当废气处于900°F至1,450°F的温度时，烟道气中存在足够量的这些物质 以氧化烟道气中的金属。 然后将氧化的金属吸引到存在于烟道气中的颗粒。 通过烟道气流过的反应区稳定剂促进氧化。 稳定器提供稳定的连续点火前端。 这些与氧化金属结合的颗粒通过诸如静电除尘器或袋式除尘器的微粒去除装置从烟道气中除去。 在注入氨后，可以将废气快速冷却至低于500°F的温度，以最大限度地减少废气中氧化金属的分解。
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