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1.发明授权Apparatus and method for NO.sub.x reduction by selective injection of natural gas jets in flue gas 失效通过在烟道气中选择性地喷射天然气射流来减少NOx的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5915310A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-29
申请号：US507928
申请日：1995-07-27
CPC分类号： F23C6/047 , F23C2202/20 , F23J2215/10 , F23L2900/07009
摘要： A method of reducing NO.sub.x determines an NO.sub.x concentration profile within a zone of the furnace which is at a temperature below 2600.degree. F. A stream of fluid fuel is injected into at least one region of relatively high NO.sub.x concentration so that the fluid fuel mixes therein with the flue gas. The fluid fuel is natural gas, hydrogen, C.sub.x H.sub.y compounds, C.sub.x H.sub.y O.sub.z compounds or mixtures primarily of those compounds, in sufficient quantity to promote a reaction between nitrogen oxide in the flue gas and the fluid fuel, so as to substantially reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas. The injector through which the fluid fuel is injected can be moveable and may have valves or deflectors to aid in directing the fluid fuel to regions of relatively high NO.sub.x concentration.
摘要翻译： 一种还原NOx的方法决定了炉内温度低于2600°F的区域内的NOx浓度分布。流体燃料流注入至少一个具有较高NOx浓度的区域，以使流体燃料在其中混合 与烟气。 流体燃料是天然气，氢，C x H y化合物，C x H y O z化合物或主要由那些化合物混合的物质，其量足以促进烟气中的氮氧化物与流体燃料之间的反应，以便基本上减少 烟气 注入流体燃料的喷射器可以是可移动的并且可以具有阀或偏转器，以帮助将流体燃料引导到具有较高NOx浓度的区域。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06357367B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09618782
申请日：2000-07-18
IPC分类号： F23J1100
CPC分类号： F23J15/003 , F23C2900/01001 , F23J2215/101
摘要： In an improved method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from a furnace wherein at least one injector is attached to the furnace above the primary combustion zone a biomass or biowaste and water slurry is injected into the flue gas through the injectors. The biowaste or a biomass material can be supplemented with a fixed nitrogen source.
摘要翻译： 在用于减少来自炉的氮氧化物排放的改进方法中，其中至少一个喷射器连接到主燃烧区上方的炉，生物质或生物废水和水浆通过喷射器注入烟道气中。 生物废物或生物质材料可以用固定氮源补充。
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公开(公告)号：US5568777A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-29
申请号：US359800
申请日：1994-12-20
CPC分类号： F23D1/00 , F23D2201/10 , F23D2201/20
摘要： An improved pulverized coal burner that reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides. The coal burner includes fuel splitters that separate a mixture of primary air and coal into a plurality of streams while the mixture is discharged through a diffuser having a plurality of partially open areas and a plurality of blocked areas. After passing through the diffuser, the plurality of streams are discharged into a furnace to be burned. The plurality of partially open areas and blocked areas are created by removing sections of the diffuser and replacing the removed sections with fuel splitters. Creation of these discrete streams delays mixing with secondary air. Because primary air is supplied in sub-stoichiometric quantities, the coal in these split streams will be burned under fuel-rich conditions for the first 100 to 200 milliseconds of combustion, until the delayed mixing of secondary air occurs. Combustion in a fuel-rich environment retards formation of nitrogen oxides in two ways. First, nitrogen that is part of the volatile matter that is evolved during the early stages of combustion will tend to form molecular nitrogen rather than react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Second, an oxygen deficiency will reduce formation of nitrogen oxides from atmospheric nitrogen.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的粉煤燃烧器，可减少氮氧化物的形成。 煤燃烧器包括燃料分配器，其将一次空气和煤的混合物分离成多个流，同时通过具有多个部分开放区域和多个阻塞区域的扩散器排出混合物。 在通过扩散器之后，将多个流排出到待燃烧的炉中。 通过去除扩散器的部分并且用燃料分离器代替去除的部分来产生多个部分开放区域和阻塞区域。 这些离散流的创建延迟了与二次空气的混合。 由于一次空气以亚化学计量的方式供应，这些分流中的煤将在富燃料条件下燃烧第一个100至200毫秒的燃烧，直到发生二次空气的延迟混合。 在富含燃料的环境中的燃烧有两种方式阻碍了氮氧化物的形成。 首先，作为在燃烧的早期阶段演化的挥发性物质的一部分的氮将倾向于形成分子氮而不是与氧反应形成氮氧化物。 第二，缺氧会减少氮氧化物从大气氮的形成。
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公开(公告)号：US5546874A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US362290
申请日：1994-12-22
申请人： Bernard P. Breen , John P. Bionda, Jr. , James E. Gabrielson , Roger W. Glickert , Anthony Hallo
发明人： Bernard P. Breen , John P. Bionda, Jr. , James E. Gabrielson , Roger W. Glickert , Anthony Hallo
CPC分类号： F23C5/00 , F23C2201/102 , F23C2900/05081
摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion in a roof-fired furnace is disclosed. By blocking at least some of the fuel nozzles associated with a roof-fired burner while leaving open the secondary air openings associated with the blocked fuel nozzles, reduction in NOX emissions from roof-fired furnaces is accomplished. This blocking results in the creation of a localized fuel-rich or just slightly fuel-lean environment near open fuel nozzles because part of the secondary air needed for combustion is being added at a location distant from where the initial combustion occurs. By creating a localized fuel-rich or slightly fuel-lean environment near the open fuel nozzles, the initial stages of combustion occur with little or no excess oxygen present. Because much of the fuel-bound nitrogen is liberated during the initial stages of combustion, it will preferentially react to form molecular nitrogen rather than nitrogen oxides because of the lack of available oxygen. Further, by the time all the secondary air is mixed with the pulverized coal to complete substantially the combustion, the flame temperature will have been sufficiently lowered by heat transfer to the boiler tubes that thermal formation of nitrogen oxides will be reduced. This invention works well in those roof-fired furnaces where individual burners are composed of multiple fuel nozzles and the fuel nozzles eject primary air and fuel between boiler tubes which form the furnace roof.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在屋顶燃烧炉中燃烧期间减少氮氧化物形成的方法和装置。 通过阻挡与屋顶燃烧的燃烧器相关联的至少一些燃料喷嘴，同时打开与堵塞的燃料喷嘴相关联的二次空气开口，从而实现了屋顶燃烧炉的NO x排放的减少。 这种阻塞导致在打开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部富燃料或仅略微贫燃环境，因为燃烧所需的二次空气的一部分被添加在远离初始燃烧发生的位置。 通过在敞开的燃料喷嘴附近产生局部的富含燃料或稍微贫燃的环境，燃烧的初始阶段几乎没有或没有过量的氧存在。 由于大部分燃料结合的氮在燃烧的初始阶段被释放，由于缺乏可用的氧，它将优先反应形成分子氮而不是氮氧化物。 此外，当所有的二次空气与粉煤混合以完全燃烧时，通过传递到锅炉管的火焰温度将被充分降低，氮氧化物的热形成将被减少。 本发明在那些屋顶燃烧炉中工作良好，其中单个燃烧器由多个燃料喷嘴组成，并且燃料喷嘴在形成炉顶的锅炉管之间喷射一次空气和燃料。
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5.发明授权Apparatus and method of lowering NO.sub.x emissions using diffusion processes 失效使用扩散过程降低NOx排放的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5078064A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-07
申请号：US623782
申请日：1990-12-07
IPC分类号： F23C1/12
CPC分类号： F23C1/12 , Y02E20/344
摘要： An apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from furnace flue gas is provided in which natural gas or other fluid fuel which has little or no fixed nitrogen is introduced into the upper portion of the furnace. The fuel diffuses by laminar or turbulent diffusion into oxygen-rich flue gas where it reacts with oxygen and nitric oxide to form CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and N.sub.2, thus reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions from the furnace. In this manner, the amount of nitrogen oxide in the flue gas is reduced. The apparatus and method can be easily applied to new furnaces or retrofitted on existing furnaces.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于减少炉烟气中的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法，其中将天然气或具有很少或不固定氮的其它流体燃料引入炉的上部。 燃料通过层流或湍流扩散扩散到富氧烟气中，与氧气和一氧化氮反应形成CO2，H2O和N2，从而减少了炉内的氮氧化物排放。 以这种方式，烟气中的氮氧化物的量减少。 该设备和方法可以方便地应用于新的炉子或在现有的炉子上进行改造。
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公开(公告)号：US06213032B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-10
申请号：US09385992
申请日：1999-08-30
IPC分类号： F23J1500
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , F23J15/003
摘要： An in-furnace method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting an oil water emulsion into flue gas so that the oil and water mixes with said flue gas. The emulsion has from 35% to 80% water and is injected in sufficient quantities to provide enough oil to promote a reaction between the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the oil, so as to reduce nitrogen oxide content of the flue gas and to maintain overall fuel lean conditions above the primary combustion zone. The emulsion preferably is atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams. Other materials such as limestone, ammonia and urea could be added to the oil water emulsion prior to injection.
摘要翻译： 炉内方法和装置通过将油水乳液注入烟气中来减少烟道气中的氮氧化物，使得油和水与所述烟道气混合。 该乳液具有35％至80％的水，并且足够注入以提供足够的油以促进烟气中的氮氧化物和油之间的反应，以便减少烟道气的氮氧化物含量并维持 整体燃料贫乏状况高于主燃烧区。 乳液优选在注射之前被雾化并且也可以以喷射流注入。 其它材料如石灰石，氨和尿素可以在注射前加入到油水乳液中。
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7.发明授权Method for NO.sub.x reduction by upper furnace injection of solutions of fixed nitrogen in water 失效通过高炉注入固定氮在水中的溶液进行NOx还原的方法
公开(公告)号：US6030204A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-29
申请号：US36824
申请日：1998-03-09
申请人： Bernard P. Breen , Roger W. Glickert , James E. Gabrielson , John P. Bionda , Anthony Hallo , Gerard F. Gretz
发明人： Bernard P. Breen , Roger W. Glickert , James E. Gabrielson , John P. Bionda , Anthony Hallo , Gerard F. Gretz
CPC分类号： B01D53/79 , B01D53/501 , B01D53/56
摘要： In a method of reducing NO.sub.x a water-fixed nitrogen solution is injected into a furnace near the exit from the furnace where the temperatures exceed 2000.degree. F. and combustion is occurring. Preferably the solution is injected through a combination of atomizing nozzles and spray jets into a region of the furnace which does not exceed 2700.degree. F. A calcium compound to react with sulfur dioxide may also be added.
摘要翻译： 在减少NOx的方法中，将水固氮溶液从温度超过2000°F的炉的出口附近的炉中注入并进行燃烧。 优选地，通过雾化喷嘴和喷射喷嘴的组合将溶液注入不超过2700°F的炉的区域。还可以加入与二氧化硫反应的钙化合物。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for nox reduction by upper furnace injection of coal water slurry 失效通过上水炉注入煤水浆料进行nox还原的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5746144A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US657322
申请日：1996-06-03
CPC分类号： F23K1/02 , F23C6/047 , F23J7/00 , F23C2201/101
摘要： In a method for reducing NOx in the flue gas a coal water slurry is injected into the furnace above the primary combustion zone into a region having a temperature from 1800.degree. F. to 2700.degree. F. The slurry is preferably injected through atomizers and through injectors that introduce a continuous stream. Lime, ammonia, urea and completion air can also be injected.
摘要翻译： 在用于还原烟道气中的NOx的方法中，将煤水浆料注入到初级燃烧区以上的炉中，进入温度为1800°F至2700°F的区域。浆料优选通过雾化器和喷射器 引入连续的流。 石灰，氨，尿素和完成空气也可以注射。
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公开(公告)号：US5276254A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US868701
申请日：1992-04-15
IPC分类号： C22B1/14
CPC分类号： C22B1/14
摘要： A process for stabilizing sludge containing flyash and calcium sulfate formed by a lime or limestone scrubber increases the sludge particles to a size at which leaching of toxic metals from the particles no longer occurs at toxic levels. The sludge is dewatered and injected into the furnace in a manner to cause the flyash to soften and stick together. The agglomerated particles then fall into a bottom ash pit for removal as a common waste.
摘要翻译： 用于稳定由石灰或石灰石洗涤器形成的含有粉煤灰和硫酸钙的污泥的方法将污泥颗粒增加到有毒金属从颗粒中浸出不再发生在有毒水平的尺寸。 将污泥脱水并注入炉内，使粉煤灰软化并粘在一起。 聚集的颗粒然后落入一个底部灰坑，以作为常见的废物去除。
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10.发明授权Apparatus and method to improve pulverizer and reduce NO.sub.x emissions in coal-fired boilers 失效改善燃煤锅炉粉碎机和减少NOx排放的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5241915A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-07
申请号：US926418
申请日：1992-08-10
IPC分类号： F23K1/04
CPC分类号： F23K1/04
摘要： An apparatus and method to improve pulverizer operation and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from furnaces which burn pulverized coal from at least one pulverizer. A duct type burner burns a fuel in the primary air which heats the primary air supplied to the pulverizers. The combustion increases the primary air temperature and improves the drying of the coal, thus improving the pulverizer throughput and/or the fineness of the pulverized coal. Operation of the duct burner also reduces the oxygen in the primary air. The reduction in oxygen reduces the propensity of the coal to ignite in the pulverizers and cause fires or even explosions. The reduced oxygen in the primary air also reduces NO.sub.x formation.
摘要翻译： 一种用于改善粉碎机操作并减少来自至少一台粉碎机燃烧粉煤的炉的氮氧化物排放的装置和方法。 管式燃烧器燃烧一次空气中的燃料，加热供给到粉碎机的一次空气。 燃烧增加一次空气温度并改善煤的干燥，从而提高粉碎机的生产量和/或粉煤的细度。 管道燃烧器的操作也减少了一次空气中的氧气。 氧的减少降低了煤在粉碎机中点燃的倾向，并引起火灾甚至爆炸。 一次空气中的还原氧也降低了NOx的形成。
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