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公开(公告)号：US08313722B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12963334
申请日：2010-12-08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for producing ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating a liquid phase reaction medium comprising an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a pressurized gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product from the liquid phase reaction medium at the prevailing pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet varying ammonia demand requirements; the improvement wherein the operating pressure of said reactor is set or adjusted such that excess water for the reaction is maintained in the reactor and the dew-point of said gaseous ammonia and carbon-dioxide-containing product is below the operating temperature of said reactor.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生产氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热含有尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物的液相反应介质，使得加压 得到基本上不含尿素，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵的气态氨和二氧化碳的产物; （b）在主要压力下从液相反应介质中分离出含氨气和二氧化碳的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中用于进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或进料到反应器的溶液 进一步转换 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离的气态氨和二氧化碳的产品，以满足不同的氨需求要求; 改进之处在于其中设定或调整所述反应器的操作压力，使得在反应器中维持反应的过量水，并且所述气态氨和含二氧化碳的产物的露点低于所述反应器的操作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US20110076222A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-31
申请号：US12963334
申请日：2010-12-08
IPC分类号： C01C1/08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for producing ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating a liquid phase reaction medium comprising an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a pressurized gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product from the liquid phase reaction medium at the prevailing pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet varying ammonia demand requirements; the improvement wherein the operating pressure of said reactor is set or adjusted such that excess water for the reaction is maintained in the reactor and the dew-point of said gaseous ammonia and carbon-dioxide-containing product is below the operating temperature of said reactor.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生产氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热含有尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物的液相反应介质，使得加压 得到基本上不含尿素，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵的气态氨和二氧化碳的产物; （b）在主要压力下从液相反应介质中分离出含氨气和二氧化碳的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中用于进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或进料到反应器的溶液 进一步转换 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离的气态氨和二氧化碳的产品，以满足不同的氨需求要求; 改进之处在于其中设定或调整所述反应器的操作压力，使得在反应器中维持反应的过量水，并且所述气态氨和含二氧化碳的产物的露点低于所述反应器的操作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US20090148370A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-11
申请号：US11999952
申请日：2007-12-06
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for generating ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a gaseous ammonia-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate, the temperature and pressure being maintained by the input of heat to the reactor; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia-containing product from the liquid phase aqueous reaction media at the operating pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or the feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet demand requirements; the improvement wherein the temperature in the hydrolysis reactor is not controlled but is allowed to vary to match the demand requirement for ammonia and in which the pressure is varied as function of the demand requirement for ammonia or reactor operating temperature.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生成氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物，使得得到含气态氨的产物 其基本上不含脲，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵，温度和压力通过向反应器的热量输入而保持; （b）在操作压力下从气相含水反应介质中分离含气态氨的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中以进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或向 反应器进一步转化; 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离出的含氨气和二氧化碳的产品，以满足需求; 其中水解反应器中的温度不受控制但允许变化以匹配氨的需求量并且其中压力根据对氨或反应器操作温度的需求要求而变化的改进。
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公开(公告)号：US5591249A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-07
申请号：US626016
申请日：1996-03-22
申请人： William G. Hankins
发明人： William G. Hankins
摘要： A method is used for preconditioning flue gas to be treated in an electrostatic precipitator having a set of electrostatic elements which are intermittently energized by a power supply. The method uses a current sensor and a voltage sensor to detect the current and the voltage supplied to the electrostatic elements during an energized half-cycle of the power delivered to the electrostatic precipitator and develops an indication of the intermittent power supplied to the electrostatic elements from the current and voltage sensor measurements. The amount of a conditioning agent added to the flue gas is controlled to maintain the power indication at a substantially predetermined level.
摘要翻译： 一种方法用于在具有由电源间歇地通电的一组静电元件的静电除尘器中预处理待处理的烟道气。 该方法使用电流传感器和电压传感器来检测在输送到静电除尘器的功率的通电半周期期间提供给静电元件的电流和电压，并且产生从静电元件供给到静电元件的间歇功率的指示 电流和电压传感器测量。 加入到烟道气中的调理剂的量被控制以将功率指示维持在基本上预定的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US5597403A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-28
申请号：US455849
申请日：1995-05-31
申请人： William G. Hankins
发明人： William G. Hankins
摘要： A system for preconditioning flue gas to be treated in an electrostatic precipitator having a set of electrostatic elements and a power supply, which supplies an intermittent power to the electrostatic elements, includes a source of a conditioning agent, and a current sensor and a voltage sensor for detecting the half-cycle current and voltage supplied to the electrostatic elements. The system also includes a power measuring circuit, responsive to the current sensor and to the voltage sensor, which develops an indication of the power supplied to the electrostatic elements and a controller, responsive to the power indication, which controls the amount of conditioning agent added to the flue gas in order to maintain the power at a substantially predetermined level.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在具有静电元件和电源的静电除尘器中预处理烟道气的系统，其向静电元件供给间歇电力，包括调节剂源，以及电流传感器和电压传感器 用于检测提供给静电元件的半周期电流和电压。 该系统还包括响应于电流传感器和电压传感器的功率测量电路，电压传感器响应于功率指示而产生供应给静电元件的功率的指示和控制器，该功率指示控制加入的调理剂的量 以将功率保持在基本上预定的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US5244642A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-14
申请号：US900124
申请日：1992-06-18
CPC分类号： F23J15/003 , B03C3/013 , B03C3/014 , C01B17/54 , Y02P20/129
摘要： A method for conditioning flue gas to improve the removal of fly ash by an electrostatic precipitator employs a relatively high concentration (4-71/2%) of SO.sub.3 conditioning agent. The SO.sub.3 is formed by combusting sulfur and excess air in a sulfur burner to produce a mixture of air and SO.sub.2 and converting the SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 in a catalytic converter. The ratio of air to sulfur is maintained constant over a wide range of SO.sub.3 production rates, and the air is unheated during most production rates. The mixture of air and SO.sub.2 from the sulfur burner is cooled without increasing the volume of the gaseous mixture.
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