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公开(公告)号：US11578034B2
公开(公告)日：2023-02-14
申请号：US16496497
申请日：2018-03-07
IPC分类号： C07C273/04 , C07C269/00 , C07C273/14 , C07D317/36 , C01C1/08
摘要： Systems and methods for integrated glycerol carbonate and/or urea production. This disclosure pertains to development of a process for production of glycerol carbonate and/or urea from ammonia, carbon dioxide and glycerol. The process integrates glycerol carbonate production into a urea production process. The urea produced in the production facility may be used to produce glycerol carbonate by reacting urea with glycerol. The ammonia generated by glycerol carbonate production may be recycled back to urea production. Unreacted urea from the glycerol carbonate production may be separated and recycled to the urea product stream. The systems and methods can reduce the cost for urea production and increase product value of the excessive glycerol produced from other chemical plants.
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公开(公告)号：US20180226668A1
公开(公告)日：2018-08-09
申请号：US15748231
申请日：2016-07-29
IPC分类号： H01M8/0606 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/2495 , C01B3/04 , C01C1/08
CPC分类号： H01M8/0606 , C01B3/047 , C01B2203/066 , C01C1/086 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/2495 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/364 , Y02E60/525 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A vehicle system comprising a fuel cell, at least one container for the storage of ammonia precursor, and a first and second fuel generator. The first and second fuel generators are configured to convert the ammonia precursor into fuel for use in the fuel cell. The first fuel generator is configured to carry out the ammonia precursor conversion within a lower temperature range than the second fuel generator.
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公开(公告)号：US09586831B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-07
申请号：US14299759
申请日：2014-06-09
申请人： Wahlco, Inc.
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D53/56 , B01J12/00 , B01J2203/0655 , B01J2219/00078 , B01J2219/00081 , B01J2219/00083 , B01J2219/00085
摘要： Methods and systems for producing a pressurized ammonia-containing gas stream from aqueous urea. The method comprising pumping an aqueous urea-containing solution to a fluid-tight enclosure at a rate to match the external demand for ammonia-gas, wherein a fluid heat transfer medium is applied to the exterior of the fluid-tight enclosure to transfer heat to the aqueous urea-containing solution sufficient to hydrolyze the solution to an ammonia gaseous product. The systems comprise means for carrying out the methods.
摘要翻译： 用于从含水尿素生产加压含氨气流的方法和系统。 该方法包括以符合氨气的外部需求的速率将含尿素水溶液泵送到流体密封的外壳，其中将流体传热介质施加到流体密封外壳的外部以传递热量 含水尿素溶液足以将溶液水解成氨气产物。 系统包括用于执行方法的装置。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20130287669A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-31
申请号：US13455459
申请日：2012-04-25
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/245 , B01J19/2485 , B01J2219/00006 , B01J2219/00051 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/002 , B01J2219/00231 , C01B2210/0075 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2900/1404 , F01N2900/1628 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for providing an ammonia feed for a low-temperature process. The process includes two defined stages, gasification and hydrolysis. In a first stage thermal reactor, an aqueous urea solution is fed to a gasification chamber and heated gases are controlled in response to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia. The heated gases and aqueous urea are introduced into the gasification chamber upstream to fully gasify the solution of aqueous urea to a first stage gas stream comprising ammonia and isocyanic acid. The first stage gas stream is withdrawn and maintained hot enough to prevent solids formation. All amounts of urea feed, water and heated gases fed into the first stage thermal reactor are monitored and adjusted as necessary to achieve efficient hydrolysis in the second stage hydrolysis reactor. The second stage gas stream is withdrawn from the second stage reactor responsive to demand from a low temperature process requiring ammonia.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于提供用于低温过程的氨进料的方法和装置。 该方法包括两个定义的阶段，气化和水解。 在第一级热反应器中，将尿素水溶液供给到气化室，并且响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求来控制加热的气体。 将加热的气体和尿素水引入气化室的上游，以将尿素水溶液完全气化成包含氨和异氰酸的第一级气流。 第一级气流被取出并保持足够热，以防止固体形成。 根据需要监测和调整进料到第一级热反应器中的所有量的尿素进料，水和加热气体，以在第二级水解反应器中实现有效的水解。 响应于需要氨的低温过程的需求，第二级气流从第二级反应器中排出。
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公开(公告)号：US08313722B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12963334
申请日：2010-12-08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for producing ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating a liquid phase reaction medium comprising an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a pressurized gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product from the liquid phase reaction medium at the prevailing pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet varying ammonia demand requirements; the improvement wherein the operating pressure of said reactor is set or adjusted such that excess water for the reaction is maintained in the reactor and the dew-point of said gaseous ammonia and carbon-dioxide-containing product is below the operating temperature of said reactor.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生产氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热含有尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物的液相反应介质，使得加压 得到基本上不含尿素，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵的气态氨和二氧化碳的产物; （b）在主要压力下从液相反应介质中分离出含氨气和二氧化碳的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中用于进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或进料到反应器的溶液 进一步转换 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离的气态氨和二氧化碳的产品，以满足不同的氨需求要求; 改进之处在于其中设定或调整所述反应器的操作压力，使得在反应器中维持反应的过量水，并且所述气态氨和含二氧化碳的产物的露点低于所述反应器的操作温度。
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6.发明申请SYSTEM AND METHOD TO GASIFY AQUEOUS UREA INTO AMMONIA VAPORS USING SECONDARY FLUE GASES 审中-公开使用次级气体气体将氨基酸蒸发到氨气中的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US20110133127A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-09
申请号：US12940536
申请日：2010-11-05
申请人： Yul Kwan
发明人： Yul Kwan
IPC分类号： C01C1/08
CPC分类号： B01D53/8631 , B01D53/9431 , C01C1/086 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/1406 , Y02T10/24
摘要： The present invention is a combustion system employing a urea-to-ammonia vapor reactor system. The urea-to-ammonia reactor housing enclosed in a bypass flow duct that receives a secondary flue gas stream at a split point from a main flue gas stream containing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emanating from a boiler. The bypass flow duct allows the secondary flue gas stream to flow past the enclosed reactor housing where injected aqueous urea in atomized or non-atomized form, is gasified to ammonia vapor. The resulting gaseous mixtures of ammonia, its by-products and the secondary flue gas stream subsequently rejoin the main stream, before the main flue gases are treated through a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) reactor apparatus. A residence time of the secondary stream within the bypass flow duct, which may be increased by a recirculation loop, enables effective conversion of urea to ammonia to be used in the SCR apparatus.
摘要翻译： 本发明是采用尿素 - 氨蒸汽反应器系统的燃烧系统。 封装在旁通流动管道中的尿素 - 氨反应器壳体，其在从包含从锅炉发出的氮氧化物（NOx）的主烟道气流的分离点处接收二次烟道气流。 旁路流动管道允许二次烟道气体流过封闭的反应器壳体，其中喷射的雾化或非雾化形式的尿素水被气化成氨蒸气。 在通过选择性催化还原（SCR）反应器装置处理主烟道气之前，所得到的氨，其副产物和二次烟气流的气体混合物随后重新加入主流。 可以通过再循环回路增加的旁通流道内的二次流的停留时间使得能够有效地将尿素转化成用于SCR装置中的氨。
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公开(公告)号：US20100015029A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-21
申请号：US12567864
申请日：2009-09-28
IPC分类号： C01C1/08 , C07D251/32 , C01C3/14
CPC分类号： B01J19/26 , B01D2251/2067 , B01D2257/404 , B01J19/2415 , B01J2219/00085 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00119 , B01J2219/00159 , B01J2219/00202 , B01J2219/00204 , B01J2219/00207 , B01J2219/00218 , B01J2219/00231 , B01J2219/00238 , C01C1/086 , F23J15/003 , Y10S423/05
摘要： The invention provides a system for converting urea into reactants useful for removing NOX from industrial emissions. The system includes a urea inlet, a steam inlet, and a reactor in fluid communication with the urea inlet and the steam inlet. The reactor is configured and adapted to inject urea from the urea inlet into a steam flow from the steam inlet to convert the urea into at least one reactant for NOX reduction within a substantially gaseous mixture. The invention also provides a method of converting urea into reactants for reducing NOX out of industrial emissions. The method includes injecting urea into a steam flow to convert the urea into at least one reactant for NOX reduction within a substantially gaseous mixture.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种将尿素转化为可用于从工业排放物中去除NOX的反应物的系统。 该系统包括尿素入口，蒸汽入口和与尿素入口和蒸汽入口流体连通的反应器。 反应器被配置并适于将尿素从尿素入口注入来自蒸汽入口的蒸汽流中，以将尿素转化成至少一种用于在基本上气态的混合物中进行NO x还原的反应物。 本发明还提供了一种将尿素转化成反应物以减少工业排放物中的NO x的方法。 该方法包括将尿素注入蒸汽流中以将尿素转化成至少一种用于在基本上气态的混合物中进行NO x还原的反应物。
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8.发明授权Process and apparatus for quantitatively converting urea to ammonia on demand 有权根据需要定量地将尿素转化为氨的方法和设备公开(公告)号：US07008603B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US11121275
申请日：2005-05-03
摘要： Processes and apparatus for quantitatively converting urea to ammonia on demand are disclosed. One process includes the steps of: receiving a demand rate signal for ammonia; feeding reactants including urea and water into a reactor to provide a reaction mixture; and controlling temperature and pressure in the reactor to produce a gaseous product stream including ammonia and carbon dioxide at substantially constant concentrations. Another process includes the steps of: feeding molten urea or solid urea to a reactor; feeding water (liquid or steam) to the reactor; and reacting the urea and water at elevated temperature and pressure to form a gaseous product stream including ammonia and carbon dioxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了将尿素定量转化成氨的方法和装置。 一个过程包括以下步骤：接收氨的需求速率信号; 将包括尿素和水的反应物进料到反应器中以提供反应混合物; 并控制反应器中的温度和压力以产生基本恒定浓度的包含氨和二氧化碳的气态产物流。 另一种方法包括以下步骤：将熔融的尿素或固体尿素送入反应器; 将水（液体或蒸汽）送入反应器; 并在升高的温度和压力下使尿素和水反应形成包含氨和二氧化碳的气态产物流。
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公开(公告)号：US06887449B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-03
申请号：US10302531
申请日：2002-11-21
摘要： Methods and apparatus for continuously, quantitatively producing gaseous ammonia from urea, including the steps of: dissolving urea in water to form concentrated aqueous urea comprising at least 77 wt. % urea; continuously feeding the concentrated aqueous urea into a reactor; continuously feeding a separate, additional supply water into the reactor to form an aqueous urea reaction mixture; heating the aqueous urea reaction mixture; and continuously withdrawing a gas phase product including ammonia from the reactor, is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods and apparatus for continuous and batchwise dissolution of urea to form aqueous urea solutions.
摘要翻译： 用于从尿素连续定量生产气态氨的方法和装置，包括以下步骤：将尿素溶解在水中以形成浓缩的含水尿素，其包含至少77wt。 ％尿素 将浓缩的尿素水连续地进料到反应器中; 连续地向反应器中加入单独的另外的供水以形成尿素水反应混合物; 加热尿素水反应混合物; 并且从反应器中连续地抽出含有氨的气相产物。 还公开了用于尿素连续和分批溶解以形成尿素水溶液的方法和装置。
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公开(公告)号：US6117407A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-12
申请号：US484639
申请日：2000-01-18
CPC分类号： C07F11/005 , C01C1/04 , Y02P20/52
摘要： A method for the generation of ammonia from dinitrogen is provided including reacting a three coordinate, low oxidation state transition metal complex with dinitrogen under substantially atmospheric pressures to obtain a metal-nitrido complex, whereby the oxidation state of the metal complex increases, and reducing the metal of the metal nitrido complex in the presence of a hydrogen source, so as to obtain NH.sub.3. A novel metal complex is provided which is capable of cleaving small molecules which includes a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, niobium, tungsten, uranium and chromium. The compound may have the formula M(NR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.3 where M is a transition metal; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of tertiary alkyls, phenyls and substituted phenyls. The compound permits cleavage of nitrogen-nitrogen triple bonds.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种从二氮生成氨的方法，包括在基本上大气压下使三配位低氧化态过渡金属络合物与二氮化合反应，得到金属 - 氮化物络合物，由此金属络合物的氧化态增加， 金属的硝基络合物在氢源的存在下，以获得NH 3。 提供了能够切割小分子的新型金属络合物，其包括选自钼，钛，钒，铌，钨，铀和铬的金属。 化合物可以具有式M（NR 1 R 2）3，其中M是过渡金属; R 1和R 2独立地选自叔烷基，苯基和取代的苯基。 该化合物允许氮 - 氮三键裂解。
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