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公开(公告)号：US08313722B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12963334
申请日：2010-12-08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for producing ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating a liquid phase reaction medium comprising an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a pressurized gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product from the liquid phase reaction medium at the prevailing pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet varying ammonia demand requirements; the improvement wherein the operating pressure of said reactor is set or adjusted such that excess water for the reaction is maintained in the reactor and the dew-point of said gaseous ammonia and carbon-dioxide-containing product is below the operating temperature of said reactor.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生产氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热含有尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物的液相反应介质，使得加压 得到基本上不含尿素，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵的气态氨和二氧化碳的产物; （b）在主要压力下从液相反应介质中分离出含氨气和二氧化碳的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中用于进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或进料到反应器的溶液 进一步转换 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离的气态氨和二氧化碳的产品，以满足不同的氨需求要求; 改进之处在于其中设定或调整所述反应器的操作压力，使得在反应器中维持反应的过量水，并且所述气态氨和含二氧化碳的产物的露点低于所述反应器的操作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US20110076222A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-31
申请号：US12963334
申请日：2010-12-08
IPC分类号： C01C1/08
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for producing ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating a liquid phase reaction medium comprising an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a pressurized gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product from the liquid phase reaction medium at the prevailing pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet varying ammonia demand requirements; the improvement wherein the operating pressure of said reactor is set or adjusted such that excess water for the reaction is maintained in the reactor and the dew-point of said gaseous ammonia and carbon-dioxide-containing product is below the operating temperature of said reactor.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生产氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热含有尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物的液相反应介质，使得加压 得到基本上不含尿素，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵的气态氨和二氧化碳的产物; （b）在主要压力下从液相反应介质中分离出含氨气和二氧化碳的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中用于进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或进料到反应器的溶液 进一步转换 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离的气态氨和二氧化碳的产品，以满足不同的氨需求要求; 改进之处在于其中设定或调整所述反应器的操作压力，使得在反应器中维持反应的过量水，并且所述气态氨和含二氧化碳的产物的露点低于所述反应器的操作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US20090148370A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-11
申请号：US11999952
申请日：2007-12-06
CPC分类号： C01C1/086 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N3/208 , F01N2240/40 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2900/1808 , F01N2900/1811 , F01N2900/1814 , Y02T10/24
摘要： In a process for generating ammonia from urea which process comprises: (a) heating an aqueous solution of urea, or a mixture of urea, containing biuret or ammonium carbamate on site, in a hydrolysis reactor such that a gaseous ammonia-containing product is obtained which is essentially free of urea, biuret, or ammonium carbamate, the temperature and pressure being maintained by the input of heat to the reactor; (b) separating the gaseous ammonia-containing product from the liquid phase aqueous reaction media at the operating pressure; (c) retaining the liquid phase reaction medium in the reactor for further conversion to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, and/or recycling at least a portion of the said reaction medium back into the reactor, a urea dissolver, or the feed solution to the reactor for further conversion; and (d) withdrawing the gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide-containing product separated in step (b) at a controlled rate to meet demand requirements; the improvement wherein the temperature in the hydrolysis reactor is not controlled but is allowed to vary to match the demand requirement for ammonia and in which the pressure is varied as function of the demand requirement for ammonia or reactor operating temperature.
摘要翻译： 在从尿素生成氨的方法中，该方法包括：（a）在水解反应器中加热尿素水溶液或含有缩二脲或铵氨基甲酸铵的尿素混合物，使得得到含气态氨的产物 其基本上不含脲，缩二脲或氨基甲酸铵，温度和压力通过向反应器的热量输入而保持; （b）在操作压力下从气相含水反应介质中分离含气态氨的产物; （c）将液相反应介质保留在反应器中以进一步转化为气态氨和二氧化碳，和/或将至少一部分所述反应介质再循环回反应器，尿素溶解器或向 反应器进一步转化; 和（d）以受控的速率取出在步骤（b）中分离出的含氨气和二氧化碳的产品，以满足需求; 其中水解反应器中的温度不受控制但允许变化以匹配氨的需求量并且其中压力根据对氨或反应器操作温度的需求要求而变化的改进。
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公开(公告)号：US4584271A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US536887
申请日：1983-09-28
CPC分类号： C22B3/18 , C12P3/00 , Y02P10/234 , Y10S435/801 , Y10S435/819
摘要： Apparatus and a method are disclosed for reducing sulfate contained within a flowable material to hydrogen sulfide by the use of two stages of reaction. The flowable material is deoxygenated and then introduced into a first reactor which contains a sulfate reducing bacteria such as a Desulfovibrio or Desulfotomoculum. Hydrogen sulfide is removed from the first reactor and the remaining portion of the flowable material is subjected to a separating action to produce a supernatant component and a sludge component. The sludge component is reintroduced to the first reactor which is generally devoid of packing or support and the supernatant is introduced into a second reactor which is preferably in the nature of a supported film reactor. Mixed products including carbonate may be removed from the first reactor. The second reactor also contains anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria. Hydrogen sulfide, low sulfate water and carbonates may be withdrawn from the second reactor. The hydrogen sulfide may be oxidized to produce free sulfur.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过使用两个阶段的反应将可流动材料中含有的硫酸盐还原成硫化氢的装置和方法。 将可流动材料脱氧，然后引入含有硫酸还原细菌如脱硫弧菌或脱硫酵母细胞的第一反应器中。 将硫化氢从第一反应器中除去，剩余部分的可流动材料进行分离作用以产生上清液组分和污泥组分。 将污泥组分重新引入到通常不含填料或载体的第一反应器中，并将上清液引入第二反应器，该第二反应器优选为负载型膜反应器的性质。 可以从第一反应器除去包括碳酸盐的混合产物。 第二反应器还含有厌氧硫酸盐还原细菌。 可以从第二反应器中取出硫化氢，低硫酸盐水和碳酸盐。 硫化氢可以被氧化以产生游离硫。
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公开(公告)号：US06730280B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-04
申请号：US10174194
申请日：2002-06-17
IPC分类号： B01D5356
摘要： This patent describes technology for generating ammonia from urea. The method is based on the hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of urea and/or biuret by heating under pressure to form a mixture of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The gas mixtures produced are useful for supplying ammonia at controlled pressure and rate of flow for many industrial applications without the risks and hazards associated with the transportation and on-site storage of ammonia, thereby providing a significant safety advantage over present industrial practice.
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公开(公告)号：US6077491A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-20
申请号：US822932
申请日：1997-03-21
摘要： This patent describes technology for generating ammonia from urea. The method is based on the hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of urea and/or biuret by heating under pressure to form a mixture of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The gas mixtures produced are useful for supplying ammonia at controlled pressure and rate of flow for many industrial applications without the risks and hazards associated with the transportation and on-site storage of ammonia, thereby providing a significant safety advantage over present industrial practice.
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公开(公告)号：US20170230357A1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-10
申请号：US15429098
申请日：2017-02-09
摘要： A multi-factor authentication method and system is provided such that a push notification during an authentication process is only received if a mobile device and user are authenticated prior to receiving the push notification. Either the mobile device itself or a second device sending the push notification may be programmed to either reject or not forward the authentication request. Additionally, using the method of the present invention, enhanced security is provided by requiring the location of the mobile device and the second device to be approximately in the same geographical location.
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公开(公告)号：US4571330A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-18
申请号：US537125
申请日：1983-09-29
申请人： Henry V. Krigmont , Harold H. Haaland , Ronald J. Triscori , Herbert W. Spencer, III , Jay L. Stern
发明人： Henry V. Krigmont , Harold H. Haaland , Ronald J. Triscori , Herbert W. Spencer, III , Jay L. Stern
CPC分类号： B01D53/501
摘要： Systems for desulfurization of a flue gas containing fly ash including formation of a dry powder in a spray dryer absorber resulting from reaction of an alkaline aqueous feed and the flue gas. The dry powder is collected and a specifically selected fraction is recycled to a feed preparation subsystem for inclusion in the aqueous feed. Selective recycle is based on physical or chemical properties and, for example, large diameter and dense particles provide enhanced reagent utilization compared to smaller and less dense particles.
摘要翻译： 包含飞灰的烟道气的脱硫系统，包括在由碱性水性进料和烟道气的反应产生的喷雾干燥器吸收器中形成干燥粉末。 收集干燥的粉末，并将特定选择的馏分循环到饲料制备子系统中以包含在含水饲料中。 选择性再循环是基于物理或化学性质的，例如，与较小和较小密度的颗粒相比，大直径和致密颗粒提供增强的试剂利用率。
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公开(公告)号：US06506350B2
公开(公告)日：2003-01-14
申请号：US10023040
申请日：2001-10-22
IPC分类号： B01D5356
摘要： This patent describes technology for generating ammonia from urea. The method is based on the hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of urea and/or biuret by heating under pressure to form a mixture of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The gas mixtures produced are useful for supplying ammonia at controlled pressure and rate of flow for many industrial applications without the risks and hazards associated with the transportation and on-site storage of ammonia, thereby providing a significant safety advantage over present industrial practice.
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10.发明授权Method for controlling the production of ammonia from urea for NOx scrubbing 有权用于控制用于NOx净化的尿素生产氨的方法公开(公告)号：US06436359B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09697263
申请日：2000-10-25
IPC分类号： B01D5356
CPC分类号： B01D53/56 , B01D53/79 , B01D53/8625
摘要： A process to provide a pressurized gas stream useful for removing nitrogen oxides from a combustion gas stream by hydrolyzing urea in aqueous solution in a closed reactor to evolve gaseous ammonia at a rate essentially balanced to the amount required from the combustion gas stream. The improvement resides in maintaining the pressure in the reactor within a preselected range when the demand for ammonia for external use suddenly drops by cooling the solution within the hydrolysis reactor by heat exchange either within or external to the reactor in response to rapid changes in demand for ammonia required to remove said nitrogen oxides.
摘要翻译： 一种提供用于从燃烧气流中除去氮氧化物的加压气流的方法，其通过在封闭反应器中的水溶液中水解尿素以以基本上平衡于燃烧气流所需量的速率放出气态氨。 改进在于，当通过在反应器内部或外部的热交换来冷却水解反应器内的溶液以响应于对需求的快速变化而要求外部使用的氨的需求突然下降时，将反应器中的压力保持在预选范围内 去除所述氮氧化物所需的氨。
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