摘要:
An anhydrous liquid washing or cleaning agent, which contains a bleaching agent and a particulate peroxycarboxylic acid that is enveloped with a water-soluble material.
摘要:
The invention relates to encapsulated bleaching agent particles. Said particles consist of a core that contains a bleaching-agent active ingredient and a coating of water-soluble material that at least partially surrounds said core, the core containing peroxocarboxylic acid and the coating material containing polyvinyl alcohol. The particles can be produced by introducing a particulate peroxocarboxylic acid into a fluidized bed, by spraying an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol onto said bed and by subsequent drying or spray drying.
摘要:
The invention relates to encapsulated bleaching agent particles. Said particles consist of a core that contains a bleaching-agent active ingredient and a coating of water-soluble material that at least partially surrounds said core, the core containing peroxocarboxylic acid and the coating material containing polyvinyl alcohol. The particles can be produced by introducing a particulate peroxocarboxylic acid into a fluidized bed, by spraying an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol onto said bed and by subsequent drying or spray drying.
摘要:
The invention relates to a liquid detergent or cleaning agent, comprising a) an anionic surfactant neutralized with an amine, b) an alkoxylated oxo alcohol having 7 or 8 alkoxy units, and c) up to 10 wt. %, relative to the entire detergent or cleaning agent, of water. The liquid detergent or cleaning agent has very good cleaning performance toward soiling containing fat and can be a component of water-soluble packagings.
摘要:
A method is described for diagnosing a heatable exhaust gas sensor of an internal combustion engine, in which a predefined chronologically varying or constant voltage or a predefined chronologically varying or constant current is generated with the aid of a voltage source, the voltage or the current is applied to terminals of the exhaust gas sensor, a current or applied voltage, which flows through the voltage source when the voltage or the current is applied, is detected, and the current or the voltage is analyzed to diagnose the exhaust gas sensor. To diagnose the exhaust gas sensor, which permits a reliable and accurate diagnosis of the exhaust gas sensor and allows a statement about the type of a possibly existing error on the exhaust gas sensor, the method is executed independently of a control and/or regulating unit of the internal combustion engine, an operating temperature of the exhaust gas sensor being regulated to a predefined temperature value with the aid of a regulating element, which is separate from the control and/or regulating unit.
摘要:
Coating compositions, in particular for laser-supported treatment (in particular inscription) of glass surfaces are described, wherein the coating compositions contain at least one silver compound which is soluble in an aqueous and/or organic solvent and contains at least one binder. Methods for producing such coating compositions and methods for coating and treating glass surfaces are also described.
摘要:
A liquid surfactant composition can include a C9-C20 alkylbenzene sulfonate, a first alcohol ether sulfate (AES), and a nonionic surfactant. The first AES surfactant can have a molecular formula of R1—O—(CH2—CH2—O)m—SO3M, wherein R1 represents a C10-C20 alkyl group, m represents a number from 6 to 8, and M represents a monovalent cation. The first AES surfactant can be a modified oxo-alcohol-based surfactant.
摘要:
Liquid laundry detergent compositions are provided that show remarkable performance even though they utilize only eco-friendly ingredients and have a sustainability index of greater than 3. Some embodiments include a liquid laundry detergent composition comprising alkyl polyglycoside (APG) with fatty alcohol sulfate, at least two detersive enzymes, an enzyme stabilization system (e.g. borate and/or citrate and/or calcium salts), d-limonene or other natural essence, water and adjuvant. In another exemplary embodiment, APG is combined with fatty acid soaps, at least two detersive enzymes, an enzyme stabilization system (e.g. borate and/or citrate and/or calcium salts), d-limonene or other natural essence, water and adjuvant. Such compositions show remarkable performance, good viscosity, physical storage stability, enzyme stability, and have a sustainability index of greater than 3.
摘要:
A device and a method for controlling an internal combustion engine with an air system are described. At least one variable characterizing the air system is determined on the basis of at least one correcting variable and/or at least one measured variable characterizing the state of the ambient air, using at least one model. The model includes at least one first and one second submodel. Using a submodel, the output variables are determined on the basis of input variables. As input variables of the first submodel, besides at least one output variable of a second submodel, the correcting variable and/or the measured variable are additionally taken into account.
摘要:
A method and device are for controlling an internal combustion engine. Using at least one model, an oxygen quantity flowing into the internal combustion engine is determined on the basis of at least one manipulated variable and at least one measured variable which characterizes the condition of the air in an intake manifold. The oxygen quantity is determined on the basis of at least one temperature variable, one pressure variable, one speed variable, one fuel-quantity variable and one air variable.