摘要:
This invention provides PVDF having such crystallization properties as to produce small spherulite sizes without sacrifices to properties, processability, purity, etc., and a suspension polymerization method to obtain the same.The PVDF obtained by this invention comprises the monomer unit content of 99.5-96 wt. % of vinylidene fluoride, and the monomer unit content of 0.5-4 wt. % of comonomers selected from hexafluoropropylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene, and has a logarithmic viscosity of 0.9-1.3 dl/g, and a molecular-weight distribution, as expressed in the ratio (Mw/Mn) of weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight, of 2.2-2.8.In order to manufacture the PVDF of this invention, a mixture of vinylidene fluoride monomers containing 1-5 wt. % of monomers selected from hexafluoropropylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene is suspension-polymerized in an aqueous medium, using an oil-soluble initiator so that the logarithmic viscosity [.eta..sub.1 ] is kept at 1.3-1.9 dl/g until the polymerization conversion rate of vinylidene fluoride monomers becomes 10-50%, and the polymerization is continued by adding a chain transfer agent at that polymerization conversion rate so that the logarithmic viscosity [.eta..sub.2 ] of the eventually obtained polymers becomes 0.3-0.7 dl/g lower than [.eta..sub.1 ], and yet remains in the range of 0.9-1.3 dl/g.
摘要:
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) having such crystallization properties as to produce small spheralite sizes without sacrificing properties, processability, purity, etc. comprises 99.5-96 wt. % of vinylidene fluoride and 0.5-4 wt. % of a comonomer selected from the group consisting of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene and mixtures thereof, has a logarithmic viscosity of 0.9-1.3 dl/g and a molecular weight distribution, as expressed by the ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight, of 2.2-2.8. The PVDF is formed by suspension polymerizing vinylidene fluoride and 1-5 wt. % of the desired comonomer, in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil-soluble initiator, so that a logarithmic viscosity [.eta..sub.1 ] of 1.3-1.9 dl/g is obtained at a vinylidene fluoride conversion of 10-50%; then adding a chain transfer agent to the medium and continuing polymerization so that the logarithmic viscosity [.eta..sub.2 ] of the final polymer is 0.3-0.7 dl/g lower than [.eta..sub.1 ] but remains in the range of 0.9-1.3 dl/g.
摘要:
A vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a relatively high molecular weight is formed by copolymerizing (a) vinylidene fluoride as a principal component, (b) a small amount of epoxy group-containing monomer, and (c) an optional component, such as an unsaturated dibasic acid monoester functioning as a curing agent for the epoxy group. When cured with an optional epoxy curing agent, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer provides a cured product having an adhesion with a metal substrate, etc., and also showing excellent solvent resistance and chemical resistance. The vinylidene fluoride copolymer is particularly suitable for constituting a binder for producing an electrode for a non-aqueous solvent-type secondary battery.
摘要:
Fine particles of polyvinyl chloride produced by bulk polymerization which comprise substantially discrete spherical particles with particle sizes of 0.2 to 2 microns, a plastisol prepared by adding 80 parts by weight of dioctylphthalate to 100 parts by weight of said particles having a viscosity of 50,000 centipoise or less (measured by a B-type viscometer, No. 4 rotor, 12 rpm, 25.degree. C.) and a process for producing the same which comprises subjecting vinyl chloride to bulk polymerization in the presence of a dispersing stabilizer under gentle stirring without causing sedimentation or agglomeration of the polymer particles formed, wherein polymerization is terminated at a polymerization yield of 5 to 30%.
摘要:
The object of the present invention is to provide the use of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives for inhibition of MCP-1 production. The present invention discloses an MCP-1 production inhibition method and pharmaceutical composition for the same comprising administration of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives in an amount effective for said inhibition to mammals in which migration of monocytes or T lymphocytes is increased, or production of IL-10 is increased, and inhibition of said increase is desired, thereby treating or preventing decreases in infection resistance.
摘要:
Temperature control is made without the risk of contaminating object-to-be-processed and with high accuracy. Temperatures are metered out of contact with the objects-to-be-processed, and based on a metered result, estimated temperatures of the objects-to-be-processed are computed. Furthermore, estimation errors of the estimated temperatures are computed to correct the estimated temperatures. Based on a temperature recipe stating relationships between set temperatures and times and the corrected estimated temperatures, a heater is controlled.
摘要:
A second vertical heat treating apparatus is temperature-calibrated based on a heat treatment result obtained by a first vertical heat treating apparatus for reference. First, temperature measurement wafers is heated in the first apparatus to obtain set values of temperature controllers for a target value of temperature. Then, wafers are subjected to an oxidizing process in the first apparatus by using these set values to form an oxide film. The thickness of the oxide film is measured and recorded as a reference film thickness. Then, wafers are subjected to an oxidizing process in a second apparatus at temperatures near the target value to form an oxide film. The thickness of the oxide film is measured, and difference in thickness between the oxide film formed in the second apparatus and the reference film thickness is obtained. The oxidizing process in the second apparatus is repeated to obtain set values of temperature controllers for the second apparatus at the time when the difference in film thickness becomes zero. The second apparatus is temperature-calibrated on the basis of the set value thus obtained.
摘要:
An air conditioner having a partition for partitioning the inside thereof into indoor and outdoor sections with an intake port. A damper is provided at the intake port so that an outdoor air introduction path of the outdoor section and an outdoor air discharge path are cut off when introducing outdoor air by opening the damper. Air the outdoor air introduction path is guided into the indoor section.
摘要:
The invention provides a superoxide dismutase derivative of the general formula[SOD][Z]wherein [SOD] represents a superoxide dismutase having 1 to 22 or 24 groups each derived from an amino groups by removal of one hydrogen atom in lieu of amino groups; [Z] represents a monovalent copolymer group, constituting units of which are a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or a residue derived by a removal of a hydroxyl group from an alkanol of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether containing an alkyl moiety of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a glycerin dialkyl ether containing alkyl moieties of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that either R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 and either R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, and a residue derived from the group of the above-mentioned formula by removal of OR.sup.1, OR.sup.2, OR.sup.3 or OR.sup.4 group from one of its COOR.sup.1, COOR.sup.2, COOR.sup.3 and COOR.sup.4 groups (where the bond on the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is attached to [SOD]), said monovalent copolymer group having an average molecular weight of 500 to 200,000; and n represents an integer of 1 to 22 or 24 corresponding to the number of said groups each derived from an amino group by removal of one hydrogen atom in said [SOD], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. There also is provided a method for producing the above derivative and salt. The invention is further directed to medicinal uses and pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration.
摘要:
A jet loom comprising a weft measuring roller for continuously drawing out a weft from a supply package, a weft storage unit for temporarily accumulating and storing the weft drawn out from the supply package by the weft measuring roller, a main nozzle for jetting air to insert the weft into the warp shed, and a driving unit for sinusoidally varying the rotating speed of the weft measuring roller. The weft stored in the weft storage unit runs in a free running period in a free running mode at a comparatively high running speed. After the stored weft has exhausted, the weft is supplied for insertion directly from the weft measuring roller, so that the weft runs in a constrained running mode at a running speed constrained by the surface speed of the weft measuring roller. When the running mode of the inserted weft changes from the free running mode to the constrained running mode, the driving unit drives the weft measuring roller so that the surface speed of the weft measuring roller is higher than a speed Vf defined by: Vf=Lo/tc, where Lo is the weft length of the loom and tc is a time necessary for one weaving cycle of the loom.
摘要翻译:一种喷射织机,包括用于从供应包中连续抽出纬纱的纬纱测量辊,用于临时累积并存储由纬纱测量辊从供应包中抽出的纬纱的纬纱存储单元,用于喷射空气以插入的主喷嘴 纬纱进入经纱梭口,以及用于正弦变化纬纱测量辊的转速的驱动单元。 存储在纬纱存储单元中的纬纱以比较高的运行速度在自由运行模式下运行。 在存储的纬纱已经耗尽之后,纬纱被提供用于从纬纱测量辊直接插入,使得纬纱以受限制的运行模式运行,速度受到纬纱测量辊的表面速度的限制。 当插入的纬纱的运行模式从自由运行模式改变到约束运行模式时,驱动单元驱动纬纱测量辊,使得纬纱测量辊的表面速度高于由以下定义的速度Vf:Vf = Lo / tc,其中Lo是织机的纬纱长度,tc是织机的一个织造周期所需的时间。