摘要:
A process for preparing silver halide emulsions having high sensitivity and contrast by adding water-soluble iridium compounds during precipitation or physical ripening and adding water-soluble iodide compounds and sulfer sensitizers during chemical ripening.
摘要:
A bar or wire product for use in cold forging, characterized in that it comprises a steel having the chemical composition, in mass %: C: 0.1 to 0.6%, Si: 0.01 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.2 to 1.7%, S: 0.001 to 0.15%, Al: 0.015 to 0.05%, N: 0.003 to 0.025%, P: 0.035% or less, O: 0.003% or less and balance: Fe and inevitable impurities, and it has, in the region from the surface thereof to the depth of the radius thereof×0.15, a structure wherein ferrite accounts for 10 area % or less and the balance is substantially one or more of martensite, bainite and pearlite, and the average hardness in the region from the depth of the radius thereof×0.5 to the center thereof is less than that of the surface layer thereof by 20 or more of HV; and a method for producing the bar or wire product. The bar or wire product is excellent in the ductility after spheroidizing and thus allows the prevention of occurrence of cracks in a steel product during cold forging, which has conventionally been a problem in manufacturing structural parts for a machine by cold forging.
摘要:
The medium carbon, microalloyed forging steel for machine structural use has a small deformation upon fracture in a hot-rolled, hot-forged, or any other hot-worked state, has an inexpensive ferrite-pearlitic microstructure and consists of C: 0.3 to 0.6 wt %, Si: 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, Mn: 0.1 wt % or more and less than 0.4 wt %, P: 0.01 to 0.1 wt %, S: 0.01 to 0.2 wt %, V: more than 0.15 wt % and up to 0.4 wt %, and the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities, in which the unavoidable impurities include less than 0.005 wt % N. The microalloyed forging steel for machine structural use may further contain Al: 0.005 to 0.05 wt %, one or both of Ti: 0.005 to 0.05 wt % and Nb: 0.05 to 0.2 wt %, and/or one or both of Cr: 0.1 to 0.5 wt % and Mo: 0.1 to 0.5 wt %.
摘要:
A method of heat-treating a steel member including carburizing a steel member in a carburizing gas under a reduced pressure. The steel member is then cooled in a cooling gas having a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. A desired portion of the cooled steel member is then heated using high-density energy. The steel member is then quenched.
摘要:
A carburizing and hardening method enhances strength while sufficiently reducing hardening strain, without increasing the production cost, and a carburized and hardened member produced thereby. The raw material is an alloy steel which contains Fe as a main component, 0.10 to 0.50 wt. % C and 0.50 to 1.50 wt. % Si and having a hardenability J, based on an end quenching test, in a range of 35 to 50 (at 12.5 mm). After the raw material is formed into the desired shape, a carburized layer is formed by carburizing in an oxidation inhibiting atmosphere. After the carburizing, quenching is performed with cooling, uninterrupted by temperature rise, from a pearlite transformation point (A1 point) to a martensite transformation start point (Ms point), and with a severity of quenching H in a range of 0.01 to 0.08 (cm−1).
摘要翻译:渗碳硬化方法提高强度,同时充分降低硬化应变,而不增加生产成本,并且由此生产的渗碳硬化构件。 原料是含有Fe作为主要成分的合金钢,0.10〜0.50重量% %C和0.50〜1.50wt。 %Si,并且基于终止淬火试验具有淬透性J,在35〜50(12.5mm)的范围内。 在原料形成所需形状之后,通过在氧化抑制气氛中渗碳形成渗碳层。 渗碳后,从珠光体相变点(A1点)到马氏体相变开始点(Ms点)的冷却不间断地进行淬火淬火,淬火强度H在0.01〜0.08的范围内( cm -1)。
摘要:
Disclosed are an outer race for a constant velocity joint, having improved anti-flaking properties and shaft strength, and a process for producing the same. The outer race for a constant velocity joint includes a cup and a serration and comprises by weight carbon: 0.45 to 0.59%, silicon: 0.15 to 0.4%, manganese: 0.15 to 0.45%, sulfur: 0.005 to 0.15%, molybdenum: 0.1 to 0.35%, boron: 0.0005 to 0.005%, aluminum: 0.015 to 0.05%, and titanium: 0.015 to 0.03%, the proportion of the effective case depth in track grooves of the cup being 0.25 to 0.45 in terms of the ratio of the effective case depth t to the wall thickness of the cup w, t/w, the proportion of the effective case depth of the involute serration in its end being 0.20 to 0.50 in terms of the ratio of the effective case depth t to the radius r, t/r. The involute serration in its end preferably has a former austenite grain size of not less than 8 in terms of the grain size number specified in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards).
摘要翻译:公开了一种用于等速万向节的外圈,具有改进的抗剥离性能和轴强度,以及制造该等离子体的方法。 用于等速万向节的外圈包括一个杯子和一个锯齿,并且包括重量百分比:0.45至0.59%,硅:0.15至0.4%,锰:0.15至0.45%,硫:0.005至0.15%,钼:0.1至 0.35%,硼:0.0005〜0.005%,铝:0.015〜0.05%,钛:0.015〜0.03%,杯的轨道槽的有效壳深度的比例为0.25〜0.45 表壳深度t相对于杯的壁厚w t / w,渐开线锯齿的有效壳体深度的比例在有效壳深度t与半径r之比为0.20至0.50时, t / r。 其渐开线锯齿末优选以JIS(日本工业标准)规定的粒径数以前的奥氏体晶粒尺寸不小于8。
摘要:
Disclosed are a high strength drive shaft and a process for producing the same. The high strength drive shaft comprises as a steel material, by weight, carbon: 0.48 to 0.58%, silicon: 0.01 to 0.15%, manganese: 0.35 to 0.75%, sulfur: 0.005 to 0.15%, molybdenum: 0.1 to 0.35%, boron 0.0005 to 0.005%, aluminum: 0.015 to 0.05%, and titanium: 0.02 to 0.08%, the proportion of the effective case depth of an involute serration in its end of the drive shaft being 0.3 to 0.7 in terms of the ratio of the effective case depth t to the radius r, t/r. The involute serration in its end preferably has a former austenite grain size of not less than 8 in terms of the grain size number specified in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards). A steel comprising the above constituents and having a hardness of 85 to 95 HRB is machined and form rolled into a shaft, and the shaft is induction hardened and then tempered at 120 to 200° C. to produce the high strength drive shaft.
摘要:
A method of heat-treating a steel member including carburizing a steel member in a carburizing gas under a reduced pressure. The steel member is then cooled in a cooling gas having a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. A desired portion of the cooled steel member is then heated using high-density energy. The steel member is then quenched.
摘要:
A high strength bold superior in delayed fracture resistant property has a bolt tensile strength of 1200 N/mm2. A high strength bolt comprised of a head portion and shaft portion formed by a steel material, wherein the relation between a bolt tensile strength TS (N/mm2) and tempering temperature T (° C.) satisfies the following expression (1), the relation between the bolt tensile strength TS (N/mm2) and the carbon equivalent Ceq (%) calculated from the chemical composition of the steel material used for the high strength bolt satisfies the following expression (2), and the tensile strength of the bolt is refined to a range of 1200 N/mm2 to 1600 N/mm2 by quenching and tempering: TS≦1.1T+850 (1) TS≦550Ceq+1000 (2) where, C eq = C + ( Mn / 6 ) + ( Si / 24 ) + ( Ni / 40 ) + ( Cr / 5 ) + ( Mo / 4 ) + ( V / 14 ) .
摘要:
The present invention provides case-hardening steel superior in tooth surface fatigue strength and a gear using the same used for parts of automobiles, construction machines, industrial machines, etc., that is case-hardening steel superior in tooth surface fatigue strength containing, by wt %, C: 0.1 to 0.3%, Si: 1.0 to 2.0%, Mn: 0.3 to 2.0%, S: 0.005 to 0.05%, Cr: 1.0 to 2.6%, Mo: 0.8 to 4.0%, V: 0.1 to 0.3%, Al: 0.001 to 0.2%, and N: 0.003 to 0.03%, limiting P to 0.03% or less, and having as a balance iron and unavoidable impurities, and satisfies the following expression, 31Si (%)+15Mn (%)+23Cr (%)+26Mo (%)+100V (%) is 100 or more, and a gear comprised of case-hardening steel and having an X-ray diffraction half width at a depth of 50 mm from the surface of the gear of 6.4 degrees or more.