公开(公告)号：US06365239B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-02

申请号：US09712248

申请日：2000-11-15

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/2984

摘要： A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode, is disclosed. The liquid crystal has liquid crystal droplets dispersed and held in either a polymer compound-containing continuous phase matrix or a three dimensional network of such a matrix. In one embodiment, the capacitance hysteresis, defined as Chys=(C2−C1)/Cmax, does not exceed 1.5%. C1 is the capacitance for an applied voltage that is in the process of rising a voltage-capacitance characteristic; C2 is the capacitance of an applied voltage in the process of dropping; and C2 is the capacitance of a maximum applied voltage. In another embodiment, the Chys value does not exceed 0.6% when the optical hysteresis Thys is (P2−P1)/Pmax where P1 is the intensity of transmitted light of an applied rising voltage V, P2 is the intensity of transmitted light of an applied dropping voltage, and Pmax is the intensity of transmitted light of a maximum applied voltage.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种聚合物分散型液晶显示元件，其具有夹在一对基板之间的聚合物分散型液晶，每个基板具有内部电极。 液晶具有分散并保持在含高分子化合物的连续相矩阵或这种基体的三维网络中的液晶小滴。 在一个实施例中，定义为Chys =（C2-C1）/ Cmax的电容滞后不超过1.5％。 C1是正在上升电压电容特性的施加电压的电容; C2是放电过程中施加电压的电容; C2是最大施加电压的电容。 在另一个实施例中，当光滞后Thys是（P2-P1）/ Pmax时，Chys值不超过0.6％，其中P1是施加的上升电压V的透射光的强度，P2是所施加的透射光的强度 降低电压，Pmax是最大施加电压的透射光强度。

公开(公告)号：US06368680B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09712249

申请日：2000-11-15

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/2984

摘要： A method of making a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element including a phase separation step. The method calls for placing a liquid crystal polymer precursor compatible solution having a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode, and irradiating a substrate surface with ultraviolet. The radiation causes a phase separation of the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor as well as polymerization and curing of the precursor. The method forms a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal having liquid crystal droplets dispersed and held in a continuous matrix phase or a three-dimensional network matrix. During the phase separation step, the irradiation time is controlled from the beginning of irradiation to the completion of phase separation to influence any of the degree of polymerization of the precursor in the solution, the rate of phase separation, and the generating density of the separated liquid crystal nuclei so that the dispersed liquid crystal droplets have even particle sizes.

摘要翻译： 一种制备包括相分离步骤的聚合物分散型液晶显示元件的方法。 该方法要求将具有液晶和聚合物前体的液晶聚合物前体相容溶液放置在一对基板之间，每个基板具有内部电极，并用紫外线照射基板表面。 辐射导致液晶和聚合物前体的相分离以及前体的聚合和固化。 该方法形成具有分散并保持在连续矩阵相位或三维网络矩阵中的液晶小滴的聚合物分散型液晶。 在相分离步骤中，照射时间从照射开始到相分离完成进行控制，以影响前体在溶液中的任何聚合度，相分离速率和分离出的发生密度 液晶核，使得分散的液晶微滴具有均匀的粒径。

公开(公告)号：US06221443B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09386857

申请日：1999-08-31

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  Y10T428/10

摘要： In a liquid crystal display element in which liquid crystal droplets are dispersed and held in polymer composition sandwiched between a pair of substrates each having an electrode at the inside thereof, the liquid crystal droplets are formed to have substantially the same shape and size with minimized variations in particle size so that the liquid crystal droplets can be stably kept in the bipolar-form orientation pattern within a wide temperature range, to minimize hysteresis of transmittance of light to a voltage applied across the electrodes. Similar effects can be produced by tilt angles of liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of interface between the liquid crystal droplets and the polymer compound being minimized or by anchoring strength being increased, by adding an interfacial restrictive force controlling material to a liquid crystal polymer precursor compatible solution or raising a temperature under which polymerization of polymers and phase separation between the polymer and the liquid crystal are performed by irradiation of ultraviolet. Also, an improved response to electric field can be provided within a wide operation temperature range by allowing surface tension of liquid crystal material to be smaller than critical surface tension of an insulating film or surface tension of the polymer compound. Accordingly, the liquid crystal display element is available for forming displays, such as television sets and personal computers, capable of displaying moving pictures and the like within a wide operation temperature range.

摘要翻译： 在将液晶微滴分散并保持在夹在其内部具有电极的一对基板的聚合物组合物中的液晶显示元件中，液晶微滴形成为具有基本相同的形状和尺寸，具有最小的变化 使得液晶小滴能够在宽温度范围内稳定地保持在双极型取向图案中，以使光的透射率滞后到施加在电极上的电压。 通过在液晶聚合物前体相容性中加入界面限制力控制材料，可以在液晶微滴与高分子化合物之间的界面附近的倾斜角度最小化或锚固强度提高时产生类似的效果 溶液或提高聚合物聚合和聚合物和液晶之间的相分离通过紫外线照射进行的温度。 此外，通过使液晶材料的表面张力小于绝缘膜的临界表面张力或高分子化合物的表面张力，能够在宽的工作温度范围内提供对电场的改善的响应。 因此，液晶显示元件可用于形成在宽的工作温度范围内能够显示运动图像等的显示器，例如电视机和个人计算机。

公开(公告)号：US06551667B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US10040449

申请日：2002-01-09

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/2984

摘要： A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having liquid crystal droplets dispersed and held in a continuous matrix phase including polymer compound or a three dimensional network form of matrix including polymer compound dispersed between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode. The liquid crystal droplets are in all areas but for an area in the vicinity of the interfaces between the substrates. The liquid crystal droplets are ellipsoid of revolution forms of substantially the same size.

摘要翻译： 一种聚合物分散型液晶显示元件，其具有分散并保持在包含聚合物化合物的连续基质相中的液晶微滴或包含分散在一对基板之间的高分子化合物的三维网状形式的基体，每个基底具有内部电极。 液晶液滴在所有区域中，但是在基板之间的界面附近的区域。 液晶液滴是具有基本相同尺寸的旋转形式的椭圆形。

公开(公告)号：US06355315B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-12

申请号：US09712845

申请日：2000-11-15

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/2984

摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode, is disclosed. The droplets either are dispersed and held in a continuous matrix phase of the polymer or held in a three dimensional network of a matrix containing the polymer. In the method, the value of (V90×R/d is at least 0.7 where V90 is that voltage required for transmittance of a voltage-transmittance characteristic of the display element to be 90% when the element is at 30° C., d is the interval between the substrate pair, and R is the average particle size of the liquid crystal droplets. In the method, a liquid crystal polymer precursor compatible solution containing a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor placed between the substrate pair is held at a temperature greater than the thermal phase separation temperature of the precursor solution, which is irradiated with ultraviolet to permit phase separation of the liquid crystal and the polymer precursor.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成具有夹在一对基板之间的聚合物分散型液晶的聚合物分散型液晶显示元件的方法，每个基板具有内部电极。 液滴分散并保持在聚合物的连续基质相中或保持在含有聚合物的基质的三维网络中。 在该方法中，当V90为元素为30℃时的显示元件的电压 - 透光率特性的透射率的透过率所需的电压，V90xR / d为0.7以上，d为 衬底对之间的间隔，R是液晶微滴的平均粒径，在该方法中，将含有液晶的液晶聚合物前体相容溶液和位于衬底对之间的聚合物前体保持在大于 前体溶液的热相分离温度，其被紫外线照射以允许液晶和聚合物前体的相分离。

公开(公告)号：US06355314B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-12

申请号：US09712126

申请日：2000-11-15

申请人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

发明人： Hirofumi Kubota ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Kenji Nakao ,  Noriko Naito ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Masao Yamamoto

IPC分类号： C09K1938

CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  C09K2019/546 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  Y10T428/10 ,  Y10T428/2984

摘要： A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element is disclosed. The element has a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode. Liquid crystal droplets are dispersed either in a polymer matrix continuous phase or in a three-dimensional matrix-containing polymer. When no voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules in the droplets present a bipolar-form orientation pattern having at least two poles in the vicinity of the interfaces between the liquid crystal droplets and the polymer. When a clear point transition temperature of the liquid crystal is Tni, the pattern of bipolar-form orientation is maintained at least when the element is operating at a temperature in the range of 5° C. to (Tni−5)° C.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种聚合物分散型液晶显示元件。 该元件具有夹在一对基板之间的聚合物分散型液晶，每个基板具有内部电极。 液晶微滴分散在聚合物基质连续相或三维基质聚合物中。 当电极没有施加电压时，液滴中的液晶分子呈现在液晶小滴和聚合物之间的界面附近具有至少两个极点的双极型取向图案。 当液晶的清晰点转变温度为Tni时，至少当元件在5℃至（Tni-5）℃范围内的温度下操作时，至少保持双极型取向的图案。

公开(公告)号：US06529252B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-04

申请号：US10075403

申请日：2002-02-15

申请人： Kenji Nakao ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Hirofumi Kubota ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Kazuo Inoue ,  Seiji Nishiyama

发明人： Kenji Nakao ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Hirofumi Kubota ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Kazuo Inoue ,  Seiji Nishiyama

IPC分类号： G02F1334

CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/1341

摘要： A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal (PDLC) display element comprising a complex of polymers and liquid crystal droplets held between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal droplets are deformed into a compressed structure of their being contracted in a cell gap direction and an amount of deformation of the liquid crystal droplets is set to be in range in which a phenomenon of liquid crystal molecules rising up in the cell gap direction is not caused by excluded volume effects of the liquid crystals. The amount of deformation of the liquid crystal droplets, is set to be in range in which the phenomenon of liquid crystal molecules rising up in the cell gap direction is not caused by excluded volume effects of the liquid crystals can provide an increased tendency of the liquid crystal molecules to align in parallel to a phase boundary of the substrates. The DPLC display element having excellent threshold characteristics and scattering characteristics and high display characteristics can be achieved.

摘要翻译： 一种聚合物分散型液晶（PDLC）显示元件，包括聚合物的复合物和保持在一对基板之间的液晶微滴。 液晶小滴变形为压缩结构，它们在单元间隙方向上收缩，并且液晶微滴的变形量设定在液晶分子在单元间隙方向上升的现象 不是由液晶的排除体积效应引起的。 液晶小滴的变形量被设定为在液晶间隙方向上升的液晶分子的现象不是由液晶排除体积效应引起的范围，可以提高液体的趋势 晶体分子与衬底的相边界平行排列。 可以实现具有优异的阈值特性和散射特性以及高显示特性的DPLC显示元件。

公开(公告)号：US06452650B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US08934901

申请日：1997-09-22

申请人： Kenji Nakao ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Hirofumi Kubota ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Kazuo Inoue ,  Seiji Nishiyama

发明人： Kenji Nakao ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Tsuyoshi Uemura ,  Hirofumi Kubota ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Kazuo Inoue ,  Seiji Nishiyama

IPC分类号： G02F11334

CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/1341

摘要： A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element according to the invention is structured such that a complex of polymer and liquid crystal droplets is held between a pair of substrates. The liquid crystal droplets are deformed into a compressed structure of their being contracted in a cell gap direction and an amount of deformation of the liquid crystal droplets is set to be in range in which a phenomenon of liquid crystal molecules rising up in the cell gap direction is not caused by excluded volume effects of the liquid crystals. This construction that the amount of deformation of the liquid crystal droplets is set to be in range in which the phenomenon of liquid crystal molecules rising up in the cell gap direction is not caused by excluded volume effects of the liquid crystals can provide an increased tendency of the liquid crystal molecules to align in parallel to a phase boundary of the substrates. As a result of this, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having excellent threshold characteristics and scattering characteristics and high display characteristics can be achieved.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明的聚合物分散型液晶显示元件被构造成使得聚合物和液晶微滴的复合物保持在一对基板之间。 液晶小滴变形为压缩结构，它们在单元间隙方向上收缩，并且液晶微滴的变形量设定在液晶分子在单元间隙方向上升的现象 不是由液晶的排除体积效应引起的。 将液晶微滴的变形量设定为在液晶间隙方向上升的液晶分子的现象不是由液晶的排除体积效应引起的范围的结构，可以提高 液晶分子与衬底的相边界平行排列。 结果，可以实现具有优异的阈值特性和散射特性以及高显示特性的聚合物分散型液晶显示元件。

公开(公告)号：US07455703B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-25

申请号：US11425191

申请日：2006-06-20

申请人： Makoto Uchida ,  Yasushi Sugawara ,  Eiichi Yasumoto ,  Akihiko Yoshida ,  Junji Morita ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Osamu Sakai ,  Yoshihiro Hori

发明人： Makoto Uchida ,  Yasushi Sugawara ,  Eiichi Yasumoto ,  Akihiko Yoshida ,  Junji Morita ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Osamu Sakai ,  Yoshihiro Hori

IPC分类号： H01M4/82 ,  H01M6/00 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M2/00

CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/0234 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an increased reaction area by forming a gas channel, a proton channel and an electron channel very close to each other inside a catalyst layer. This polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane; and a pair of electrodes having catalyst layers sandwiching the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane between them and gas diffusion layers in contact with the catalyst layers, in which the catalyst layer of at least one of the electrodes comprises carbon particles supporting a noble metal catalyst, and the carbon particles include at least two kinds of carbon particles adsorbing a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte in mutually different dispersed states.

摘要翻译： 本发明通过在催化剂层内形成非常接近的气体通道，质子通道和电子通道，提供了具有增加的反应面积的聚合物电解质燃料电池。 该聚合物电解质燃料电池包括氢离子导电聚合物电解质膜; 以及一对电极，其具有夹在其间的氢离子导电性高分子电解质膜和与催化剂层接触的气体扩散层的催化剂层，其中至少一个电极的催化剂层包含负载贵金属催化剂的碳粒子， 并且碳粒子包含以相互不同的分散状态吸附氢离子导电性高分子电解质的至少2种碳粒子。

公开(公告)号：US20060229194A1

公开(公告)日：2006-10-12

申请号：US11425191

申请日：2006-06-20

申请人： Makoto Uchida ,  Yasushi Sugawara ,  Eiichi Yasumoto ,  Akihiko Yoshida ,  Junji Morita ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Osamu Sakai ,  Yoshihiro Hori

发明人： Makoto Uchida ,  Yasushi Sugawara ,  Eiichi Yasumoto ,  Akihiko Yoshida ,  Junji Morita ,  Masao Yamamoto ,  Shinya Kosako ,  Osamu Sakai ,  Yoshihiro Hori

IPC分类号： H01M4/88 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 ,  H01M4/8807 ,  H01M4/8828 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M4/926 ,  H01M8/0234 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an increased reaction area by forming a gas channel, a proton channel and an electron channel very close to each other inside a catalyst layer. This polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane; and a pair of electrodes having catalyst layers sandwiching the hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane between them and gas diffusion layers in contact with the catalyst layers, in which the catalyst layer of at least one of the electrodes comprises carbon particles supporting a noble metal catalyst, and the carbon particles include at least two kinds of carbon particles adsorbing a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte in mutually different dispersed states.

摘要翻译： 本发明通过在催化剂层内形成非常接近的气体通道，质子通道和电子通道，提供了具有增加的反应面积的聚合物电解质燃料电池。 该聚合物电解质燃料电池包括氢离子导电聚合物电解质膜; 以及一对电极，其具有夹在其间的氢离子导电性高分子电解质膜和与催化剂层接触的气体扩散层的催化剂层，其中至少一个电极的催化剂层包含负载贵金属催化剂的碳粒子， 并且所述碳粒子包含以相互不同的分散状态吸附氢离子导电性高分子电解质的至少2种碳粒子。