Abstract:
A DIFFERENTIAL ION SENSITIVE MEASURING SYSTEM IS PROVIDED TO MEASURE THE CONCENTRATION OF PARTICULAR CONSTITUENTS OF A FLUID. A PAIR OF IDENTICAL ION SENSITIVE ELECTRODES OR PROBES ARE USED TO PROVIDE THE DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT. ONE OF THE ELECTRODES IN SURROUNDED WITH A REGENT SELECTED TO REACT WITH THE MOLECULES OF THE FLUID CONSTITUENT UNDER TEST. UPON CONTACT WITH THE FLUID TO BE ANALYZED EACH ELECTRODE RESPONDS IN THE SAME MANNER TO IONS IN THE FLUID SO AS TO YIELD A ZERO VOLTAGE DIFFERENCE FROM THE EFFECTS THEREOF. HOWEVER, AT THE ELECTRODE SURROUNDED WITH THE REAGENT THE LATTER REACTS WITH MOLECULES OF THE CONSTITUENTS UNDER TEST TO PRODUCE AN ION CHANGE THEREAT NOT SEEN BY THE OTHER ELECTRODE. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE ION CHANGE IS INDICATIVE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF THE CONSTITUENT UNDER TEST.
Abstract:
A HIGH IMPEDANCE VOLTMETER IS COUPLED ON ONE SIDE TO A STANDARD REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND ON THE OTHER SIDE TO A PH SENSITIVE URANIUM OXIDE (U308) ELECTRODE. THE LOW ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE URANIUM OXIDE ELECTRODE COMPRISES A NOBLE METAL WIRE COATED WITH A THIN SMOOTH LAYER OF URANIUM OXIDE.
Abstract:
THE SILVER CHLORIDE LAYER OF A SILVER-SILVER CHLORIDE ELECTRODE IS COATED WITH A THIN PROTECTIVE LAYER OF METHACRYLATE. THE LAYER OF METHACRYLATE ACTS TO PREVENT CORROSION OF THE SLIVER CHLORIDE LAYER AND YET ALLOWS SAME TO REATAIN ITS ION SENSITIVITY.
Abstract:
An automatic fluid sample apparatus for the chemical analysis of fluids is described. In the apparatus, a plurality of samples are substantially simultaneously precisely measured out and diluted or mixed with the proper quantity of diluent and/or reagent. A series of tubing valves, preferably of the T-type, in one position permit sample containers having the desired sample volume to be filled with samples of fluid to be analyzed from a fluid source through the action of a vacuum pump. The valves are then placed in a second position whereby the samples flow from the sample containers to recipient containers and respective proper quantities of diluent or reagent are caused to flow through the valves and the sample containers into the recipient containers.
Abstract:
THEN A PLATINUM AND CALOMEL ELECTRODE, COUPLED VIA AN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, ACT TO CAUSE GALVANIC COULOMETRIC REDUCTION OF THE IODINE TO REGENERATE IODIDE. AT STEADY STATE THE ONLY CURRENT-REGULATING MECHANISM IS THE DIFFUSION OF GLUCOSE ACROSS THE MEMBRANE, WHICH IS A LINEAR FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION.
A MEASURING SYSTEM IS PROVIDED WHICH DIRECTLY MEASURES THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. GLUCOSE FROM A BIOLOGICAL FLUID IS DIFFUSED THROUGH A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE INTO A REACTION CHAMBER AND IS CATALYZED BY THE ENZYME GLUCOSE OXIDASE WHEREUPON GLUCONIC ACID AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ARE FORMED. IODIDE IONS IN THE REACTION CHAMBER THEN EFFECT THE DECOMPOSITION OF THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TO FORM IODINE AND WATER.