公开(公告)号：US07564803B1

公开(公告)日：2009-07-21

申请号：US11215813

申请日：2005-08-29

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L45/302 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： The label distribution protocol (LDP) is extended to set up a point to multi-point (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) across a computer network from a source network device to one or more destination network devices. LDP is extended to create a P2MP label map message containing a label and a P2MP forwarding equivalence class (FEC) element having a root node address and an identifier. The P2MP FEC element may, for example, associate an address of the root node of the P2MP LSP with an opaque identifier. The P2MP FEC element uniquely identifies the P2MP LSP. The P2MP FEC element may be advertised with a label in a P2MP label map message. A source network device or the destination network devices may initiate setup and teardown of the P2MP LSP. The P2MP label map messages may be propagated from the destination network devices to the source network device.

摘要翻译： 标签分发协议（LDP）被扩展以在计算机网络上从源网络设备到一个或多个目的地网络设备建立点到多点（P2MP）标签交换路径（LSP）。 扩展LDP以创建包含标签的P2MP标签映射消息和具有根节点地址和标识符的P2MP转发等价类（FEC）元素。 例如，P2MP FEC元素可以将P2MP LSP的根节点的地址与不透明标识符相关联。 P2MP FEC元素唯一标识P2MP LSP。 P2MP FEC元素可以在P2MP标签映射消息中用标签通告。 源网络设备或目的网络设备可以启动P2MP LSP的建立和拆卸。 P2MP标签映射消息可以从目的网络设备传播到源网络设备。

公开(公告)号：US07940698B1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-10

申请号：US12499606

申请日：2009-07-08

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L45/302 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： The label distribution protocol (LDP) is extended to set up a point to multi-point (P2MP) label switched path (LSP) across a computer network from a source network device to one or more destination network devices. LDP is extended to create a P2MP label map message containing a label and a P2MP forwarding equivalence class (FEC) element having a root node address and an identifier. The P2MP FEC element may, for example, associate an address of the root node of the P2MP LSP with an opaque identifier. The P2MP FEC element uniquely identifies the P2MP LSP. The P2MP FEC element may be advertised with a label in a P2MP label map message. A source network device or the destination network devices may initiate setup and teardown of the P2MP LSP. The P2MP label map messages may be propagated from the destination network devices to the source network device.

摘要翻译： 标签分发协议（LDP）被扩展以在计算机网络上从源网络设备到一个或多个目的地网络设备建立点到多点（P2MP）标签交换路径（LSP）。 扩展LDP以创建包含标签的P2MP标签映射消息和具有根节点地址和标识符的P2MP转发等价类（FEC）元素。 例如，P2MP FEC元素可以将P2MP LSP的根节点的地址与不透明标识符相关联。 P2MP FEC元素唯一标识P2MP LSP。 P2MP FEC元素可以在P2MP标签映射消息中用标签通告。 源网络设备或目的网络设备可以启动P2MP LSP的建立和拆卸。 P2MP标签映射消息可以从目的网络设备传播到源网络设备。

公开(公告)号：US20090086644A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-02

申请号：US12329708

申请日：2008-12-08

申请人： Kireeti KOMPELLA ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Kireeti KOMPELLA ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F11/30

CPC分类号： H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/0811 ,  H04L43/12

摘要： Detecting if a label-switched path (LSP) is functioning properly. To test that packets that belong to a particular Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) actually end their MPLS LSP on an label switching router (LSR) that is an egress for that FEC, a request message carrying information about the FEC whose LSP is being verified may be used. The request message may be forwarded like any other packet belonging to that FEC. A basic connectivity test as well as a fault isolation test are supported. In a basic connectivity test mode, the packet should reach the end of the LSP, at which point it is sent to the control plane of the egress LSR. The LSR then verifies that it is indeed an egress for the FEC. In a fault isolation test mode, the packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR, which performs various checks that it is indeed a transit LSR for the LSP. The transit LSR may also return further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane, i.e., that forwarding matches what the routing protocols determined as the path. A reliable return path is used for the reply.

摘要翻译： 检测标签交换路径（LSP）是否正常工作。 为了测试属于特定转发等价类（FEC）的分组实际上在作为该FEC的出口的标签交换路由器（LSR）上结束其MPLS LSP，携带有关正在被验证LSP的FEC的信息的请求消息可以 使用。 请求消息可以像属于该FEC的任何其他分组一样转发。 支持基本的连接测试以及故障隔离测试。 在基本连接测试模式下，分组应到达LSP的末尾，此时将发送到出口LSR的控制平面。 然后，LSR验证它确实是FEC的出口。 在故障隔离测试模式下，将数据包发送到每个传输LSR的控制平面，进行各种检查，确认它是LSP的传输LSR。 传输LSR还可以返回有助于检查控制平面对数据平面的进一步信息，即，该转发与确定为路径的路由协议相匹配。 答复使用可靠的返回路径。

公开(公告)号：US07463591B1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-09

申请号：US10365598

申请日：2003-02-12

申请人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/0811 ,  H04L43/12

摘要： Detecting if a label-switched path (LSP) is functioning properly. To test that packets that belong to a particular Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) actually end their MPLS LSP on an label switching router (LSR) that is an egress for that FEC, a request message carrying information about the FEC whose LSP is being verified may be used. The request message may be forwarded like any other packet belonging to that FEC. A basic connectivity test as well as a fault isolation test are supported. In a basic connectivity test mode, the packet should reach the end of the LSP, at which point it is sent to the control plane of the egress LSR. The LSR then verifies that it is indeed an egress for the FEC. In a fault isolation test mode, the packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR, which performs various checks that it is indeed a transit LSR for the LSP. The transit LSR may also return further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane, i.e., that forwarding matches what the routing protocols determined as the path. A reliable return path is used for the reply.

摘要翻译： 检测标签交换路径（LSP）是否正常工作。 为了测试属于特定转发等价类（FEC）的分组实际上在作为该FEC的出口的标签交换路由器（LSR）上结束其MPLS LSP，携带有关正在被验证LSP的FEC的信息的请求消息可以 使用。 请求消息可以像属于该FEC的任何其他分组一样转发。 支持基本的连接测试以及故障隔离测试。 在基本连接测试模式下，分组应到达LSP的末尾，此时将发送到出口LSR的控制平面。 然后，LSR验证它确实是FEC的出口。 在故障隔离测试模式下，将数据包发送到每个传输LSR的控制平面，进行各种检查，确认它是LSP的传输LSR。 传输LSR还可以返回有助于检查控制平面对数据平面的进一步信息，即，该转发与确定为路径的路由协议相匹配。 答复使用可靠的返回路径。

公开(公告)号：US08467411B1

公开(公告)日：2013-06-18

申请号：US12917294

申请日：2010-11-01

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

IPC分类号： H04J3/16 ,  H04J3/22 ,  H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L45/306 ,  H04L45/24 ,  H04L45/3065 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： A router receives a control plane message for constructing a first LSP to a destination within a network that conforms to a first type of LSP. The control plane message includes a label for the first LSP and an identifier that identifies a first type of data traffic. The router receives a second control plane message for constructing a second LSP that conforms to the first type of LSP. The second control plane message includes a label for the second LSP and an identifier that identifies a second type of data traffic. The router installs forwarding state in accordance with policies that associate the first and second types of data traffic with different LSPs of a second type that each traverse different paths through the network, and forwards packets via the interface in accordance with the installed forwarding state.

摘要翻译： 路由器接收到用于构建到符合第一类型的LSP的网络内的目的地的第一LSP的控制平面消息。 控制平面消息包括用于第一LSP的标签和标识第一类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器接收用于构建符合第一类型的LSP的第二LSP的第二控制平面消息。 第二控制平面消息包括用于第二LSP的标签和标识第二类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器根据将第一类和第二类数据流量与不同的第二类型的LSP相关联的策略来安装转发状态，每个LSP遍历不同的路径，并根据安装的转发状态通过接口转发数据包。

公开(公告)号：US08000327B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US11567570

申请日：2006-12-06

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/306

摘要： A router comprises an interface for receiving packets, wherein the packets include Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels having the same label value that corresponds to an MPLS label switched path (LSP), and wherein each of the MPLS packets includes MPLS experimental (EXP) bits defined to identify a class of service to which the respective packet belongs. The router is a transit router along the MPLS LSP, and further includes a control unit that, for each of the packets, accesses forwarding information to determine whether to forward the packet along the LSP or to redirect the packet along a second LSP based on the classes of service specified in the EXP bits. The router receives policies via a user interface, and applies the policies to index into the forwarding information to select a forwarding entry, wherein the index is responsive to the label value in combination with the EXP bits.

摘要翻译： 路由器包括用于接收分组的接口，其中所述分组包括与MPLS标签交换路径（LSP）相对应的具有相同标签值的多协议标签交换（MPLS）标签，并且其中每个MPLS分组包括MPLS实验（EXP） 定义为识别相应分组所属的服务类别的比特。 该路由器是沿着MPLS LSP的中转路由器，还包括一个控制单元，对于每一个分组，该控制单元访问转发信息以确定是沿着LSP转发分组还是基于第二个LSP重定向分组 EXP位中指定的服务等级。 路由器通过用户界面接收策略，并将策略应用到转发信息中以选择转发条目，其中索引响应于标签值与EXP比特结合。

公开(公告)号：US08611359B1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-17

申请号：US12626221

申请日：2009-11-25

申请人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Shivani Aggarwal ,  Yakov Rekhter

发明人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Shivani Aggarwal ,  Yakov Rekhter

IPC分类号： H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： Techniques are described for scaling Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) across areas of an autonomous system using a labeled interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP). A method includes executing a first label distribution protocol at a border node at a border between two of a plurality of interior gateway protocol (IGP) areas of a single autonomous system (AS), and exchanging label distribution messages using the first label distribution protocol to establish a first intra-area label switched path (LSP) within a first one of IGP areas. The method also includes executing a labeled interior border gateway protocol at the border node, and exchanging label distribution messages using the labeled interior border gateway protocol to establish a hierarchical inter-area LSP that runs over the previously established first intra-area LSP, wherein the hierarchical inter-area LSP extends across the plurality of IGP areas of the AS.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用标记的内部边界网关协议（iBGP）在跨自治系统的区域缩放多协议标签交换（MPLS）的技术。 一种方法包括在单个自治系统（AS）的多个内部网关协议（IGP）区域中的两个之间的边界处的边界节点处执行第一标签分发协议，以及使用第一标签分发协议交换标签分发消息， 在第一个IGP区域内建立第一个区域内标签交换路径（LSP）。 该方法还包括在边界节点处执行标记的内部边界网关协议，并且使用标记的内部边界网关协议来交换标签分发消息，以建立在先前建立的第一区域内LSP上运行的分层区域间LSP，其中， 分层区域间LSP跨越AS的多个IGP区域延伸。

公开(公告)号：US07894352B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-22

申请号：US12329708

申请日：2008-12-08

申请人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/0811 ,  H04L43/12

摘要： Detecting if a label-switched path (LSP) is functioning properly. To test that packets that belong to a particular Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) actually end their MPLS LSP on an label switching router (LSR) that is an egress for that FEC, a request message carrying information about the FEC whose LSP is being verified may be used. The request message may be forwarded like any other packet belonging to that FEC. A basic connectivity test as well as a fault isolation test are supported. In a basic connectivity test mode, the packet should reach the end of the LSP, at which point it is sent to the control plane of the egress LSR. The LSR then verifies that it is indeed an egress for the FEC. In a fault isolation test mode, the packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR, which performs various checks that it is indeed a transit LSR for the LSP. The transit LSR may also return further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane, i.e., that forwarding matches what the routing protocols determined as the path. A reliable return path is used for the reply.

摘要翻译： 检测标签交换路径（LSP）是否正常工作。 为了测试属于特定转发等价类（FEC）的分组实际上在作为该FEC的出口的标签交换路由器（LSR）上结束其MPLS LSP，携带有关正在被验证LSP的FEC的信息的请求消息可以 使用。 请求消息可以像属于该FEC的任何其他分组一样转发。 支持基本的连接测试以及故障隔离测试。 在基本连接测试模式下，分组应到达LSP的末尾，此时将发送到出口LSR的控制平面。 然后，LSR验证它确实是FEC的出口。 在故障隔离测试模式下，将数据包发送到每个传输LSR的控制平面，进行各种检查，确认它是LSP的传输LSR。 传输LSR还可以返回有助于检查控制平面对数据平面的进一步信息，即，该转发与确定为路径的路由协议相匹配。 答复使用可靠的返回路径。

公开(公告)号：US08176201B1

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US10702184

申请日：2003-11-05

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Pedro R. Marques ,  Yakov Rekhter

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Pedro R. Marques ,  Yakov Rekhter

IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： Label distribution protocol (LDP) signaled label-switched paths (LSPs) are supported without requiring information about remote autonomous systems (ASs) to be injected into the local interior gateway protocol (IGP). This may be done by (i) decoupling a forwarding equivalency class (FEC) element from the routing information, and (ii) specifying a next hop on which the FEC relies. An LDP messaging structure (e.g., an LDP type-length-value (TLV)) that includes a label, FEC information (e.g., a host address or prefix of an egress LSR of the LSP) and a next hop (e.g., a host address or prefix of a border node, such as an AS border router (ASBR)) may be provided. This messaging structure may be included in one or more of (a) label mapping messages, (b) label withdraw messages, and (c) label release messages. If an LDP message including the expanded LDP messaging structure is received at a node, the node may determine whether or not to propagate the LSP using the next hop information, rather than the FEC information. If, on the other hand, the LDP message includes a normal LDP messaging structure, the node may determine whether or not to propagate the LSP as usual.

摘要翻译： 支持标签分发协议（LDP）信令的标签交换路径（LSP），而不需要将关于远程自治系统（AS）的信息注入到本地内部网关协议（IGP）中。 这可以通过（i）将转发等价类（FEC）元素与路由信息分离，以及（ii）指定FEC所依赖的下一跳来完成。 包括标签，FEC信息（例如，LSP的出口LSR的主机地址或前缀）和下一跳（例如，主机）的LDP消息传递结构（例如，LDP类型长度值（TLV）） 可以提供诸如AS边界路由器（ASBR）之类的边界节点的地址或前缀。 这种消息传递结构可以包括在（a）标签映射消息，（b）标签提取消息和（c）标签释放消息中的一个或多个中。 如果在节点处接收到包含扩展的LDP消息收发结构的LDP消息，则节点可以使用下一跳信息来确定是否传播LSP，而不是FEC信息。 另一方面，如果LDP消息包含正常的LDP消息收发结构，那么该节点可以像往常一样来确定是否传播LSP。

公开(公告)号：US07826482B1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-02

申请号：US11642162

申请日：2006-12-20

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Arthi R. Ayyangar ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Chaitanya Kodeboyina

IPC分类号： H04J3/16 ,  H04J3/22 ,  H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L45/306 ,  H04L45/24 ,  H04L45/3065 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： A router receives a control plane message for constructing a first LSP to a destination within a network that conforms to a first type of LSP. The control plane message includes a label for the first LSP and an identifier that identifies a first type of data traffic. The router receives a second control plane message for constructing a second LSP that conforms to the first type of LSP. The second control plane message includes a label for the second LSP and an identifier that identifies a second type of data traffic. The router installs forwarding state in accordance with policies that associate the first and second types of data traffic with different LSPs of a second type that each traverse different paths through the network, and forwards packets via the interface in accordance with the installed forwarding state.

摘要翻译： 路由器接收到用于构建到符合第一类型的LSP的网络内的目的地的第一LSP的控制平面消息。 控制平面消息包括用于第一LSP的标签和标识第一类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器接收用于构建符合第一类型的LSP的第二LSP的第二控制平面消息。 第二控制平面消息包括用于第二LSP的标签和标识第二类型的数据业务的标识符。 路由器根据将第一类和第二类数据流量与不同的第二类型的LSP相关联的策略来安装转发状态，每个LSP遍历不同的路径，并根据安装的转发状态通过接口转发数据包。