摘要:
A method for inhibiting methane production in naturally occurring or induced reducing conditions, thus subsequently resulting into inhibition of the biomethylation process of the heavy metals is disclosed. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. As a result the methanogens are unable to produce enough quantities of methane that will result to the production of methylmetal(loids), which are usually volatile and more toxic than their inorganic counterparts due to increased water solubility and hydrophobicity.
摘要:
This method of restricting methane production in methanogenic bacteria, by the use of the enzyme and coenzyme inhibitors, works during anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Various compounds such as, but not limited to, red yeast rice, vitamin B10 derivatives, and ethanesulfonates are utilized to disrupt these different enzyme and coenzyme systems responsible for the production of methane. This method affects the competition of the methanogen and halo bacteria for the organic hydrogen donors that are injected in the soil and groundwater system during the remediation process.
摘要:
A dry-coated zero valent iron (ZVI) based material that provides for treatment of dissolved phase chlorinated solvents and the Dense-Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) of these solvents when present as pure solvent in groundwater systems when mixed as a slurry with water. The ZVI particles are individually coated with a hydrophobic, oleophilic vegetable oil or similar material. The coated ZVI particles, when emplaced in groundwater systems provides for rapid adsorption of both dissolved phase and DNAPLs into the oleophilic coating, promoting direct contact with the ZVI surface, providing for an abiotic surface reduction of the chlorinated solvents by the ZVI. The coating protects the reactive surfaces of the ZVI from passivation and oxidation during both preparation of the slurry and delivery of the slurry to the subsurface. The dry-coated ZVI product further includes dispersing and thickening agents that allow for mixing and delivery of the dry-coated ZVI product to the subsurface.
摘要:
Anaerobic reductive dechlorination processes remove chlorinated solvents from contaminated subsurface soil and ground water. The presence of zero-valent metals into the remedial mixtures provides a method of buffering the pH of the reaction and also provides a source for the iron reducing bacteria that catalyze the dehalorespiration reactions. The present invention provides an alternative method to control the release rate of the zero-valent metals during dechlorination. The invention utilizes encapsulated substrates to control the release rate of zero-valent metals, therefore prolonging the biotic and abiotic processes of anaerobic reductive dechlorination while promoting sorption of hydrophobic chlorinated volatile organic compounds into the lipid coating, further enhancing the efficacy of the zero valent metal treatment.
摘要:
A method for inhibiting methane production in naturally occurring or induced reducing conditions, thus subsequently resulting into inhibition of the biomethylation process of the heavy metals is disclosed. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. As a result the methanogens are unable to produce enough quantities of methane that will result to the production of methylmetal(loids), which are usually volatile and more toxic than their inorganic counterparts due to increased water solubility and hydrophobicity.
摘要:
A method for inhibiting methane and hydrogen sulfide production from anaerobic digester systems and other biogas generating mediums disclosed. The biogas generating medium is contacted with an effective amount of a composition comprising red yeast rice and iron oxide to cause inhibition of methane and hydrogen sulfide production, and is useful in biogas generating medium from animal farms, including a swine, cattle or chicken farms. The method is useful to inhibit methane and hydrogen sulfide production in sewage systems, landfills, and sediment containing organic carbon. The disclosed inhibiting composition blocks 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) in the methane production pathway, due to the presence of lovastatin in the red yeast rice. Furthermore the disclosed inhibiting composition prevents hydrogen sulfide formation with a competing reaction resulting into iron sulfate via reaction with iron (II) having been formed within the reducing environment from iron (III) oxide.
摘要:
Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by trivalent metals, such as ferric iron. The use of trivalent metal activated persulfate results in a chemical oxidation process that yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.
摘要:
A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize peroxide, persulfates, percarbonates, and/or other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferric iron (Fe3+) or manganic ion (Mn3+) as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.
摘要:
A method for controlling methanogenesis during environmental applications by inhibiting methane production of methanogens located in an environmental medium. The inhibiting of the critical biochemical pathways specific to the methanogens is achieved by providing one or more antimethanogenic reagent (AMR) compounds to the environmental medium. The AMR may include, for example, naturally-occurring statins (which may be found in red yeast rice), essential oils, certain synthetic compounds or combinations thereof. Limiting the methanogens in the environmental medium allows the slower-growing, halo-respiring bacteria that are utilized to dechlorinate containments to utilize the hydrogen donors (either naturally occurring or provided via fermentable substrates provided as part of a reduction process). The AMRs are harmless to the halo-respiring bacteria. The AMRs can be provided alone or along with various organic hydrogen donors, zero-valent iron (ZVI) or other reduced metals in order to enhance the biodegradation (reductive dechlorination) of targeted contaminants.
摘要:
A method for the removal of semi-volatile organic compounds in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater is presented. Oxidation and biological attenuation processes utilize peroxide, persulfates, percarbonates, and/or other oxidants with trivalent metals, such as ferric iron (Fe3+) or manganic ion (Mn3+) as activators. The resulting chemical oxidation process yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.