摘要:
The invention relates to a method and a device for increasing the use of the braking moment of a retarder in an automobile. According to this method, the heat produced by the retarder during braking is dissipated using a coolant. The method is characterized in that at least one auxiliary consumer and/or at least one of the following devices of the cooling system—a connected fan, a connected thermostat, a coolant pump, a bypass-valve—is controlled in dependence on the mode of the operation of the retarder.
摘要:
A drive unit includes a motor, a hydrodynamic retarder, at least one pump, at least one feed line for feeding operating medium to the retarder, and at least one bypass line which conveys operating medium past the retarder. A device for directing the flow of operating medium is arranged upstream of the retarder in the direction of flow. The device can feed the operating medium through the retarder via the feed line, feed the operating medium past the retarder via a bypass line, or divide the total flow of operating medium into at least two predetermined parts. A first predetermined part of the operating medium is fed through the retarder via the feed line. A second predetermined part of the operating medium is conveyed past the retarder via the bypass line.
摘要:
A drive unit includes a hydrodynamic retarder having a rotor paddle wheel, a stator paddle wheel, and a housing surrounding the rotor and stator wheels. The unit includes a coolant cycle system for an internal combustion engine, the coolant for this coolant cycle also being a working medium of the retarder. The drive unit further includes a working medium container for the coolant which is connected to the coolant cycle system. A connecting pipe is disposed between the working medium container and a hydrodynamic center of the retarder. A valve is disposed in the connecting pipe.
摘要:
The invention involves a process for controlling the rotational speed of a drive motor during a start-up period, in a drive train, containing at least one starter element that can be coupled to the drive motor, in a rotationally fixed manner, in the form of a hydrodynamic coupling, containing a primary blade wheel and a secondary blade wheel, which form together at least one toroid-shaped working space. According to the invention, the rotational speed of the drive motor is set as a function of the power that can be consumed by the hydrodynamic coupling. The consumable power can be controlled or regulated.
摘要:
A method for controlling the power consumption of a starting element (1) in the form of a hydrodynamic clutch (2). The clutch comprises an impeller (4) and a turbine wheel (5), which together form at least one toroidal working chamber (6) that can be filled with an operating medium, and is located in a drive train (3) with at least one other drive motor that can be coupled to the hydrodynamic clutch. The method is characterized in that the power consumption can be freely adjusted as a function of the volumetric efficiency of the hydrodynamic clutch and the method has the following characteristics: the supply or evacuation of the operating medium to or from the working chamber is influenced by the generation and introduction of a static superposition pressure in the closed rotating circuit; the operating medium is supplied or evacuated to or from the working chamber by the application of a superposition or influencing pressure to the operating medium level in the operating medium reservoir (40).
摘要:
The invention concerns a method and a control device for automatically controlling the heat dissipation {dot over (q)} in a mold 200 for casting metal. The heat dissipation of the side plate of a mold is automatically adjusted to a preset set point {dot over (q)}set by suitable variation of the volume flow rate {dot over (V)} of a coolant 300 through the side plate. In accordance with the invention, to avoid the necessity, when different molds are used, of adapting the control of the heat dissipation each time to different thicknesses or coatings of the side plates or to different settings of the side plates during the casting operation or during the casting of different grades of steel, the actual value for the heat dissipation {dot over (q)} during a steady-state casting operation is suitably computed on a current basis from, among other things, the difference in the temperature of the coolant 300 at the coolant outlet and the coolant inlet of the side plate 200 and material constants for the coolant.
摘要:
A distributor arrangement for electrical lines, having a housing and a multiplicity of sockets, situated on the housing and each having a contact carrier that has two or more electrical contact elements and an angle encoding feature for inserting plugs in an orientation determined by the angular position of the encoding elements. The distributor arrangement also has a motherboard arranged in the housing and having printed conductors to which the electrical contact elements are connected in an electrically conductive manner by an electrical connecting element. An electrical connecting member, in the form of a connecting board, is associated with the motherboard in one of a multiplicity of preselectable angular positions by the electrical connecting elements located at different radial distances from a center, each connecting element being connected in an electrically conductive manner to one of a plurality of contact sites situated on a circular arc about the center.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus for preventing undesirable intensive cooling particularly of the strip edge areas of a cast strand resulting from running water emerging from the bottom opening of a secondary cooling chamber, wherein high-energy spray jets of a deflection medium are produced and directed against the emerging running water transversely of the strip edge areas of the cast strand, such that the running water is deflected from the strip edge areas and is discharged through outlet openings of the secondary cooling chamber arranged on both sides of the cast strand.
摘要:
A socket arrangement having a housing, in particular a built-in housing, bearing at least one socket, preferably a plurality of sockets, the socket having an electrically conductive flange inserted into a housing opening, and a contact carrier which is inserted into the flange and which has one or more electrically conductive contacts for connecting to countercontacts of a plug corresponding to the socket. In order to effectively divert high-voltage discharges from the flange, a conductive element situated in the housing and having an introduction portion which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a portion of the flange inside the housing, has a diversion portion which is connected to a diverter.
摘要:
A socket arrangement having a housing, in particular a built-in housing, bearing at least one socket, preferably a plurality of sockets, the socket having an electrically conductive flange inserted into a housing opening, and a contact carrier which is inserted into the flange and which has one or more electrically conductive contacts for connecting to countercontacts of a plug corresponding to the socket. In order to effectively divert high-voltage discharges from the flange, a conductive element situated in the housing and having an introduction portion which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a portion of the flange inside the housing, has a diversion portion which is connected to a diverter.