摘要:
Provided are a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device including ferroelectric semiconductor patterns in respective memory cells and methods of writing and reading data. The device includes a substrate; a plurality of first conductive lines disposed in or on the substrate; a plurality of second conductive lines disposed in or on the substrate and having a different height from the first conductive lines, wherein the second conductive lines intersect the first conductive lines, respectively, to define a plurality of intersection regions; and a plurality of memory cells disposed on the substrate. Herein, the memory cells include ferroelectric semiconductor patterns, respectively, which are disposed between the first conductive lines and the second conductive lines that define the intersection regions.
摘要:
A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus and a method of making an electronic device using the same are disclosed. The LITI apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support, a contact frame, and a laser source or oscillator. The LITI apparatus transfers a transferable layer from a film donor device onto a surface of an intermediate electronic device. The LITI apparatus uses a magnetic force to provide a close contact between the transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. The magnetic force is generated by magnetic materials formed in two components of the LITI apparatus that are spaced apart interposing transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. Magnets or magnetic materials are formed in the two following components of the LITI apparatus: 1) the intermediate device and the film donor device; 2) the intermediate device and the contact frame; 3) the substrate support and the film donor device; or 4) the substrate support and the contact frame.
摘要:
A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus and a method of making an electronic device using the same are disclosed. The LITI apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support, a contact frame, and a laser source or oscillator. The LITI apparatus transfers a transferable layer from a film donor device onto a surface of an intermediate electronic device. The LITI apparatus uses a magnetic force to provide a close contact between the transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. The magnetic force is generated by magnetic materials formed in two components of the LITI apparatus that are spaced apart interposing transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. Magnets or magnetic materials are formed in the two following components of the LITI apparatus: 1) the intermediate device and the film donor device; 2) the intermediate device and the contact frame; 3) the substrate support and the film donor device; or 4) the substrate support and the contact frame.
摘要:
A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus and a method of making an electronic device using the same are disclosed. The LITI apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support, a contact frame, and a laser source or oscillator. The LITI apparatus transfers a transferable layer from a film donor device onto a surface of an intermediate electronic device. The LITI apparatus uses a magnetic force to provide a close contact between the transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. The magnetic force is generated by magnetic materials formed in two components of the LITI apparatus that are spaced apart interposing transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. Magnets or magnetic materials are formed in the two following components of the LITI apparatus: 1) the intermediate device and the film donor device; 2) the intermediate device and the contact frame; 3) the substrate support and the film donor device; or 4) the substrate support and the contact frame.
摘要:
A laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) apparatus and a method of making an electronic device using the same are disclosed. The LITI apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support, a contact frame, and a laser source or oscillator. The LITI apparatus transfers a transferable layer from a film donor device onto a surface of an intermediate electronic device. The LITI apparatus uses a magnetic force to provide a close contact between the transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. The magnetic force is generated by magnetic materials formed in two components of the LITI apparatus that are spaced apart interposing transferable layer and the surface of the intermediate device. Magnets or magnetic materials are formed in the two following components of the LITI apparatus: 1) the intermediate device and the film donor device; 2) the intermediate device and the contact frame; 3) the substrate support and the film donor device; or 4) the substrate support and the contact frame.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an MFA (Metabolic Flux Analysis) information system using an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and an operating method thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to an MFA information system and an operating method thereof, which generates, edits, stores and visualizes an MFA model feature and an MFA object using XML, and edits, stores and visualizes the result obtained by performing MFA based on the object. The present invention provides the MFA information system and method capable of generating, editing, storing and visualizing MFA model features and MFA objects using XML. Accordingly, MFA can be easily performed by utilizing advantages of XML, such as transplantation, reusability, deciphering, scalability, flexibility and effective data exchange, and thus the present invention can be applied to cell improvement using metabolic engineering.
摘要:
Disclosed is a picture quality testing apparatus and method of a liquid crystal display which can measure at least any one of gray inversion and color shift. An apparatus for testing the picture quality of a liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal display for displaying a test pattern, an image pickup device for photographing the test pattern of the liquid crystal display, a measurer for measuring the transmittance of the test pattern photographed by the image pickup device, and a rotating means for rotating at least one of the liquid crystal display and the image pickup device while the image pickup device photographs the test pattern.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of operating a refrigerator, including: providing a plurality of usage environment information which includes national information; selecting the usage environment information corresponding to a nation or region where the refrigerator is used among the plurality of usage environment information; and controlling operation of the refrigerator based on the selected usage environment information.
摘要:
An optical protection sheet includes a foamy resin layer. The optical protection sheet includes a base film containing a light diffusion material and the foamy resin layer formed on the base film and containing micro-bubbles.
摘要:
Provided are bipolar transistor, BiCMOS device and method of fabricating thereof, in which an existing sub-collector disposed beneath a collector of a SiGe HBT is removed and a collector plug disposed at a lateral side of the collector is approached to a base when fabricating a Si-based very high-speed device, whereby it is possible to fabricate the SiGe HBT and an SOI CMOS on a single substrate, reduce the size of the device and the number of masks to be used, and implement the device of high density, low power consumption, and wideband performance.