摘要:
A fuel cell system and a method of operating the same, the fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell including at least one unit cell; an switch having first and second ends connected to different type electrodes of the fuel cell; and a circuit unit to detect whether a load is applied to the fuel cell, to control the operation of the switch according to the detection, cycle the switch open and closed to short circuit the fuel cell, in order to prevent the fuel cell from overheating and to consume a residual fuel in the fuel cell. The fuel cell system may further include a converter, a secondary cell, a battery charger, and a switching unit between the load and the fuel cell.
摘要:
A condensed-cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1 below. An organic light-emitting device includes the condensed-cyclic compound. A flat panel display apparatus includes the organic light-emitting device. The organic light-emitting device includes an organic layer including the compound of Formula 1 and has low driving voltage, high emission efficiency, and a long lifetime.
摘要:
A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2 below, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and a flat display device including the organic light-emitting device: wherein Ar1 to Ar16, and R1 to R4 are defined as in the specification.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving encryption information in a mobile broadcast system providing broadcast service (BCAST) are disclosed. In the mobile broadcast system, a broadcast (BCAST) Service Distribution/Adaptation (BSD/A) unit comprises a transmitter for transmitting a Registration Key Material (RKM) request message for requesting delivery of an RKM for registration of the BCAST service of a terminal to a BCAST Subscription Management (BSM) unit managing subscriber information of the terminal, and a receiver for receiving an RKM request response message from the BSM unit. The RKM request message includes an identifier (ID) of the BCAST service, and the RKM request response message includes the ID of the BCAST service and the RKM. The transmitter transmits a Long-Term Key Message (LTKM) request message for requesting delivery of an LTKM provided to the terminal during subscription of the BCAST service to the BSM unit.
摘要:
An organic light-emitting device including a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate, the first electrode including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an organic layer on the first electrode, the organic layer being adjacent to the first surface of the first electrode; a second electrode on the organic layer, the second electrode including a first surface adjacent to the organic layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a luminescent efficiency improvement layer on at least one of the second surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the second electrode, the luminescent efficiency improvement layer including a condensed-cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, below:
摘要:
A condensed-cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and a flat panel display apparatus including the organic light-emitting device: Wherein, X1, Ar1 Ar2, Ar3, Ar4, Ar5, Ar6, Ar7, Ar8, Ar9, Ar10, Ar11, and Ar12 are described in the detailed description of the invention. The organic light-emitting device including an organic layer including the compound above has low driving voltage and high emission efficiency.
摘要:
An organic light-emitting device including a substrate; a first electrode on the substrate, the first electrode including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an organic layer on the first electrode, the organic layer being adjacent to the first surface of the first electrode; a second electrode on the organic layer, the second electrode including a first surface adjacent to the organic layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a luminescent efficiency improvement layer on at least one of the second surface of the first electrode and the second surface of the second electrode, the luminescent efficiency improvement layer including a condensed-cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, below:
摘要:
A polymer and an organic light-emitting device including the polymer. An example of the polymer is wherein in Formula 1, Ar1 is each independently represented by —(Q1)n—, and Q1 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C4-C30 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkenylene group, and a group represented by —N(Z1)—, and n is an integer from 1 to 10, and n groups of Q1 in -(Q1)n- is identical to or different from each other, and X1 and X2 are each independently selected from the, group consisting of —O—, —S—, —N(Z2)—, and —C(Z3)(Z4)—.