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公开(公告)号：US4326944A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-27
申请号：US140171
申请日：1980-04-14
CPC分类号： C10G1/06 , C10G1/02 , Y10S165/903
摘要： A method is disclosed for recovering liquids and gases by a rapid hydropyrolysis of carbonaceous solids which comprises subjecting the carbonaceous material in a stream of carrier gas to a first pressure and a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the carbonaceous material; reducing substantially in a single step the pressure on the stream of carbonaceous material from the first pressure to a second pressure, the ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure being at least 1.6, thereby accelerating the carrier gas in the stream of carbonaceous material; permitting the accelerated stream of carbonaceous material to expand as a free jet and mixing hot gas with the accelerated and expanded stream of carbonaceous material to raise the temperature of the carbonaceous material by heat exchange with the hot gas, to a second temperature of at least the aforesaid decomposition temperature, thereby initiating decomposition of the carbonaceous material; and reducing the temperature of the reaction mixture to below said decomposition temperature, with the total time for heating the carbonaceous material from the first temperature to the second temperature, decomposing the carbonaceous material and cooling the reaction mixture to below said decomposition temperature being from about 1 millisecond to about 10 seconds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过碳质固体的快速加氢热解来回收液体和气体的方法，该方法包括将载气流中的碳质材料经受低于碳质材料的分解温度的第一压力和第一温度; 在一个步骤中基本上减少从第一压力到第二压力的碳质材料流上的压力，第一压力与第二压力的比率至少为1.6，从而加速含碳材料流中的载气; 允许加速的碳质材料流作为自由射流膨胀，并将热气体与加速和膨胀的碳质材料流混合，以通过与热气体的热交换来提高碳质材料的温度，至少达到第二温度 上述分解温度，从而引发碳质材料的分解; 并将反应混合物的温度降低至低于所述分解温度，将碳质材料从第一温度加热至第二温度的总时间，分解碳质材料并将反应混合物冷却至低于所述分解温度为约1℃ 毫秒至约10秒。
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公开(公告)号：US5059303A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US367144
申请日：1989-06-16
IPC分类号： C10G67/04
CPC分类号： C10G67/0418
摘要： A method for stabilizing oil is provided. An oil fraction having hydrocarbons with an initial boiling point of about 200.degree. F. to about 1050.degree. F. is hydrotreated to reduce the nitrogen content of the oil fraction to be stabilized. Subsequently, condensed aromatic compounds are selectively extracted from the hydrotreated oil fraction to yield a stable oil fraction.
摘要翻译： 提供一种稳定油的方法。 将具有初始沸点为约200°F至约1050°F的烃的油馏分加氢处理以降低要稳定的油馏分的氮含量。 随后，从加氢处理的油馏分中选择性地提取稠合芳香族化合物，得到稳定的油馏分。
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公开(公告)号：US5364979A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-15
申请号：US177662
申请日：1994-01-05
CPC分类号： C07C29/32
摘要： A catalyzed, continuous vapor phase process to convert a C.sub.2 or higher alcohol and, optionally, one or more C.sub.1 or higher alcohols, for example methanol and ethanol, to a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight alcohol, for example, isobutanol, over a catalyst which is essentially magnesium oxide. The process also may have a lower aldehyde and/or ketone in the feed.
摘要翻译： 将C2或更高级醇和任选的一种或多种C 1或更高级醇（例如甲醇和乙醇）转化成含有至少一种较高分子量醇（例如异丁醇）的混合物的催化连续气相方法， 基本上是氧化镁的催化剂。 该方法还可以在进料中具有较低的醛和/或酮。
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公开(公告)号：US4536278A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-20
申请号：US583321
申请日：1984-02-24
IPC分类号： C10G1/00
CPC分类号： C10G1/002
摘要： A process is provided to produce and stabilize shale oil. In the process, raw oil shale is retorted with heat carrier material to liberate an effluent product stream comprising hydrocarbons and entrained particulates of oil shale dust. In order to minimize polymerization of the product stream and enhance agglomeration of the shale dust, the product stream is stabilized with a hydrogen donor quench upon exiting the retort. The quenched stream is subsequently dedusted and upgraded.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种生产和稳定页岩油的方法。 在此过程中，原油页岩用热载体材料进行蒸馏，以释放出包含烃和油页岩粉尘夹带的颗粒物的流出物产物流。 为了使产物流的聚合最小化并增强页岩灰的附聚，产物流在离开蒸馏器后用氢供体骤冷来稳定。 淬火后的物流随后被除尘和升级。
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5.发明授权Shale oil stabilization with a hydrogen donor quench and a hydrogen transfer catalyst 失效用氢供体淬火和氢转移催化剂的页岩油稳定化
公开(公告)号：US4536277A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-20
申请号：US583150
申请日：1984-02-24
IPC分类号： C10G1/00
CPC分类号： C10G1/002
摘要： A process is provided to produce and stabilize shale oil. In the process, raw oil shale is retorted with heat carrier material to liberate an effluent product stream comprising hydrocarbons and entrained particulates of oil shale dust. In order to minimize polymerization of the product stream and agglomerate the shale dust, the product stream is stabilized with a hydrogen donor quench in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst upon exiting the retort. The quenched stream is subsequently purged of catalyst, dedusted, and upgraded.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种生产和稳定页岩油的方法。 在此过程中，原油页岩用热载体材料进行蒸馏，以释放出包含烃和油页岩粉尘夹带的颗粒物的流出物产物流。 为了最小化产物流的聚合并使页岩灰团聚，在离开蒸馏器之后，在氢转移催化剂存在下，用氢供体骤冷来稳定产物流。 随后将骤冷的料流清除催化剂，进行除尘和升级。
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公开(公告)号：US4298459A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-03
申请号：US091455
申请日：1979-11-05
CPC分类号： C10G11/18
摘要： A process for (i) fluid catalytic cracking in a cracking zone of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes, and shale oils with high metals content, (ii) wherein the coke deposits on the used cracking catalyst are reduced in amount by regeneration and wherein (iii) contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron deposited on the used cracking catalyst are deactivated in sufficient amount to reduce hydrogen and coke formation during the cracking process whereby the said catalyst is suitable for re-use wherein (A) the catalyst particles are contacted with fresh feed and associated recycle feed, and wherein (B) the feed is cracked in a cracking zone, wherein (C) the used catalyst particles are subjected to alternate exposures of up to 30 minutes in duration of conditions comprising (a) an oxidizing zone at a temperature of above 900.degree. F. wherein molecular oxygen in flue gas emitted from the oxidizing zone is over 0.1 volume percent, and (b) a reducing zone at a temperature within the range of from about 900.degree. F. to about 1450.degree. F., wherein the reducing atmosphere is a material selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and mixtures thereof and is present in a concentration of from about 4 to 100 volume percent, and wherein (D) the regenerated catalyst can be returned to the cracking zone.
摘要翻译： 一种在渣油和其他重油的裂化区的流化床催化裂化的方法，其中包括瓦斯油，石油渣，还原和全原油以及高金属含量的页岩油，（ii）其中焦炭沉积在用过的裂纹上 催化剂的量通过再生而减少，并且其中（iii）沉积在所使用的裂化催化剂上的包含镍，钒，铜和铁的污染金属以足够的量去活化，以在裂化过程中减少氢气和焦炭的形成，由此所述催化剂适用于 重复使用，其中（A）催化剂颗粒与新鲜原料和相关联的再循环进料接触，并且其中（B）进料在裂化区中裂化，其中（C）使用的催化剂颗粒经受交替曝光直至 条件为30分钟，包括（a）在高于900°F的温度下的氧化区。其中从氧化区发射的烟道气中的分子氧超过0.1伏 （b）在约900°F至约1450°F的温度范围内的还原区，其中还原气氛是选自氢，烃，一氧化碳， 和其混合物，其浓度为约4至100体积％，并且其中（D）再生催化剂可以返回到裂化区。
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公开(公告)号：US4280898A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-28
申请号：US91470
申请日：1979-11-05
CPC分类号： B01J29/90 , B01J21/20 , C10G11/04 , C10G11/05 , C10G11/18 , Y10S502/517 , Y10S502/521
摘要： A process for fluid catalytic cracking of residuum and other heavy oils comprising gas oil, petroleum residue, reduced and whole crudes and shale oil with high metals contents wherein contaminant metals comprising nickel, vanadium, copper and iron are deactivated, organic sulfur compounds deposited on the cracking catalyst are removed, wherein the said contaminant metals are deactivated by contact with a high temperature reducing atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide in a range of from about 4 to about 14 volume percent, the temperature being at least 900.degree. F. and preferably greater than 1200.degree. F., wherein the catalyst is modified with at least one inorganic sulfur oxide absorbent which reacts with sulfur oxides under regeneration conditions to form non-volatile inorganic sulfur compounds, the said sulfur oxide absorbent being present in sufficient amount to effect said reduction of said sulfur oxides.
摘要翻译： 一种渣油和其他重油的流化催化裂化方法，包括瓦斯油，石油渣，含有高金属含量的还原和全原油和页岩油，其中包含镍，钒，铜和铁的污染金属失活，有机硫化合物沉积在 除去裂化催化剂，其中所述污染金属通过与包含一氧化碳在约4至约14体积％范围内的温度降低气氛接触而失活，温度至少为900°F，优选大于1200 DEG，其中催化剂用至少一种在再生条件下与硫氧化物反应形成非挥发性无机硫化合物的无机硫氧化物吸收剂改性，所述硫氧化物吸收剂以足够的量存在以实现所述 硫氧化物。
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8.发明授权Oxidative coupling process for converting methane and/or natural gas to more transportable products 失效将甲烷和/或天然气转化为更多可运输产品的氧化偶合方法
公开(公告)号：US5015799A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-14
申请号：US376307
申请日：1989-07-06
申请人： Robert H. Walker , Paul A. Willems , George A. Huff , Lewis E. Grimes , David F. Tatterson , Robert L. Mehlberg
发明人： Robert H. Walker , Paul A. Willems , George A. Huff , Lewis E. Grimes , David F. Tatterson , Robert L. Mehlberg
IPC分类号： C07C2/82
CPC分类号： C07C2/82 , Y10S585/943
摘要： A method for converting methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons wherein hot oxidative coupling reactor effluent is briefly contacted with a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 alkane quench material to remove part of the heat contained in the raw reactor effluent, and is then further quenched by thermal quenching means to achieve a temperature which discourages retrograde reactions.
摘要翻译： 一种将甲烷转化为较高分子量烃的方法，其中热氧偶联反应器流出物与C2至C20烷烃淬火材料短暂接触以除去生反应器流出物中所含的一部分热量，然后通过热淬火装置进一步淬火 达到避免逆行反应的温度。
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