摘要:
A photomask for measuring lens aberration, a method of manufacturing the photomask, and a method of measuring lens aberration using the photomask are provided. In an embodiment, the photomask includes a transparent substrate having first and second surfaces. A reference pattern group and an encoded pattern group are formed on the second surface of the transparent substrate, spaced apart from each other. An aperture that includes a Fresnel zone is formed to face the second surface on the second surface of the transparent substrate. Light throughput and measurement efficiency are improved.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a material layer on a substrate, forming a mask layer on the material layer, and implanting ions into the mask layer to reduce light absorption thereof. An alignment key may be formed between the material layer and the substrate, and a location of the alignment key may be optically determined through the implanted mask layer. The implanted mask layer is patterned to define a mask pattern, and the material layer is patterned using the mask pattern as an etching mask. Related devices are also discussed.
摘要:
An optical mask for use with an exposure beam includes a mask substrate adapted to be placed on a traveling path of the exposure beam. A reference pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The reference pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a predetermined reference direction. A comparative pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The comparative pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the reference direction.
摘要:
A reflective photomask for EUV light is disclosed. The reflective photomask may include a projecting pattern selectively formed on a substrate and a reflective layer on the substrate and the projecting pattern.
摘要:
A reflective photomask for EUV light is disclosed. The reflective photomask may include a projecting pattern selectively formed on a substrate and a reflective layer on the substrate and the projecting pattern.
摘要:
An optical mask for use with an exposure beam includes a mask substrate adapted to be placed on a traveling path of the exposure beam. A reference pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The reference pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a predetermined reference direction. A comparative pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The comparative pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the reference direction.
摘要:
An optical mask for use with an exposure beam includes a mask substrate adapted to be placed on a traveling path of the exposure beam. A reference pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The reference pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a predetermined reference direction. A comparative pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The comparative pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the reference direction.
摘要:
An optical mask for use with an exposure beam includes a mask substrate adapted to be placed on a traveling path of the exposure beam. A reference pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The reference pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a predetermined reference direction. A comparative pattern is formed on the mask substrate. The comparative pattern is adapted to direct the exposure beam to travel in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the reference direction.
摘要:
A semiconductor memory device may include a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of active regions wherein each active region has a length in a direction of a first axis and a width in a direction of a second axis. The length may be greater than the width, and the plurality of active regions may be provided in a plurality of columns in the direction of the second axis. A plurality of wordline pairs may be provided on the substrate, with each wordline pair crossing active regions of a respective column of active regions defining a drain portion of each active region between wordlines of the respective wordline pair. A plurality of bitlines on the substrate may cross the plurality of wordline pairs, with each bitline being electrically coupled to a drain portion of a respective active region of each column, and with each bitline crossing drain portions of active regions of adjacent columns in different directions so that different portions of a same bitline are aligned in different directions on different active regions of adjacent columns.
摘要:
A semiconductor memory device may include a semiconductor substrate having an active region thereof, and the active region may have a length and a width, with the length being greater than the width. A field isolation layer may be on the semiconductor substrate surrounding the active region. First and second wordlines may be on the substrate crossing the active region, with the first and second wordlines defining a drain portion of the active region between the first and second wordlines and first and second source portions of the active region at opposite ends of the active region. First and second memory storage elements may be respectively coupled to the first and second source portions of the active region, with the first and second wordlines being between portions of the respective first and second memory storage elements and the active region in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate.