公开(公告)号：US20060257873A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-16

申请号：US10540279

申请日：2003-10-15

申请人： Jeremy Lee ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Shawn Wettig ,  Ryan Skinner

发明人： Jeremy Lee ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Shawn Wettig ,  Ryan Skinner

IPC分类号： C12Q1/68 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L51/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/0512 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G06N3/002 ,  G06N3/123 ,  G11C13/0014 ,  G11C13/0019 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0093 ,  H01L51/0591 ,  H01L51/0595

摘要： Organic circuit elements and organic conductors are disclosed, together with electron acceptors and donors that may be chemically modified to alter the conductivity of the circuit or organic conductor. An organic circuit element includes a plurality of members, each of which includes an oligonucleotide duplex. The plurality of members includes at least one donor member for receiving conduction electrons from an electron donor, at least one acceptor member for communicating with an electron acceptor to provide a region of attraction for the conduction electrons, and at least one regulator member intersecting with at least one of the plurality of members to define at least one electric field regulation junction, for cooperating with an electric field regulator to regulate an electric field at the junction. A method of regulating an electronic signal between first and second locations in a conductive nucleic acid material includes chemically modifying an electron acceptor or an electron donor that is coupled to the conductive nucleic acid material.

摘要翻译： 公开了有机电路元件和有机导体以及可以被化学修饰以改变电路或有机导体的电导率的电子受体和供体。 有机电路元件包括多个构件，每个构件包括寡核苷酸双链体。 多个构件包括用于从电子给体接收传导电子的至少一个施主构件，用于与电子受体连通以提供导电电子的吸引区域的至少一个受体构件，以及与传导电子相交的至少一个调节构件 所述多个构件中的至少一个构件限定至少一个电场调节结，用于与电场调节器配合以调节所述接合处的电场。 在导电核酸材料中调节第一和第二位置之间的电子信号的方法包括化学修饰与导电核酸材料偶联的电子受体或电子给体。

公开(公告)号：US20070004047A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-04

申请号：US10511841

申请日：2003-04-17

申请人： Jeremy Lee ,  Shawn Wettig ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz

发明人： Jeremy Lee ,  Shawn Wettig ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz

IPC分类号： H01L21/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/48721 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  C12Q1/6827 ,  G11C13/0014 ,  G11C13/0019 ,  H01L51/0093 ,  H01L51/0595 ,  C12Q2565/629 ,  C12Q2565/631 ,  C12Q2563/137

摘要： In various aspects, the invention provides molecular systems for storing and retrieving information. In some embodiments, polymers capable of selectively binding metal ions, such as nucleic acids, are used to record information in the form of a particular molecular conformation. Electrochemical assay methods employing nanopores may be used to read and write information using such polymeric media. In some embodiments, information may be recorded in a nucleic acid polymer by magnetically modulating the translocation of the nucleic acid through a channel in a medium, while simultaneously modulating the electrostatic potential across the channel. In this way, the incorporation of a divalent metal ion in the nucleic acid duplex may be modulated to store information. In an alternative aspect, the invention provides analogous processes for detecting a base pair mismatch in a nucleic acid polymer.

摘要翻译： 在各个方面，本发明提供用于存储和检索信息的分子系统。 在一些实施方案中，能够选择性地结合金属离子（例如核酸）的聚合物用于以特定分子构象的形式记录信息。 使用纳米孔的电化学测定方法可用于使用这种聚合物介质读取和写入信息。 在一些实施方案中，可以通过磁性调节核酸通过介质中的通道的易位，同时同时调节跨过该通道的静电势来将信息记录在核酸聚合物中。 以这种方式，可以调节在核酸双链体中引入二价金属离子以存储信息。 在替代方面，本发明提供用于检测核酸聚合物中碱基对错配的类似方法。

公开(公告)号：US20070272294A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-29

申请号：US10569901

申请日：2004-09-09

申请人： Yi-Tao Long ,  Todd Sutherland ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Jeremy Lee

发明人： Yi-Tao Long ,  Todd Sutherland ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Jeremy Lee

IPC分类号： H02N6/00

CPC分类号： H01G9/2059 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0093 ,  Y02E10/542

摘要： The invention provides systems having an electron transfer moiety tethered to an electrode by a conductive spacer moiety. A biasing potential applied to the electrode reduces the electron transfer moiety to form a reduced electron transfer species capable of absorbing a photon, to form an excited electron transfer species. An electron accepting moiety accepts an electron from the excited electron transfer species, to form a reduced electron acceptor. The reduced electron acceptor may for example be used in hydrogen generation reactions.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供具有通过导电间隔物部分与电极连接的电子转移部分的体系。 施加到电极的偏置电位减小电子转移部分以形成能够吸收光子的还原电子转移物质，以形成激发的电子转移物质。 电子接受部分接受来自激发的电子转移物质的电子，以形成还原电子受体。 还原电子受体可以例如用于氢生成反应。

公开(公告)号：US20060275786A1

公开(公告)日：2006-12-07

申请号：US11317671

申请日：2005-12-22

申请人： Yi-Tao Long ,  Chen-Zhong Li ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Jeremy Lee

发明人： Yi-Tao Long ,  Chen-Zhong Li ,  Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Jeremy Lee

IPC分类号： C12Q1/68 ,  C12M1/34

CPC分类号： C12Q1/6827 ,  G01N27/3277 ,  C12Q2565/607

摘要： In one aspect, the invention provides methods and apparatus for detecting a protein binding to a nucleic acid by measuring the impedence of a nucleic acid layer on an electrode, for example by AC impedance spectroscopy. In one embodiment, such methods may for example be used to detect a mismatch in a nucleic acid duplex.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明提供了通过例如通过AC阻抗谱法测量电极上的核酸层的阻抗来检测蛋白质与核酸结合的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中，这样的方法可以例如用于检测核酸双链体中的错配。

公开(公告)号：US20120073987A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-29

申请号：US13376540

申请日：2010-06-08

申请人： Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Kagan Kerman

发明人： Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Kagan Kerman

IPC分类号： G01N27/327 ,  B23P17/00 ,  G01N33/50

CPC分类号： C12Q1/004 ,  G01N2333/16 ,  Y10T29/49716

摘要： An electrochemical method of identifying the presence of a target protein in a sample is provided. The method comprises providing a redox probe modified to include a detector that is suitable to bind to the target protein, and exposing the sample to the detector-modified redox probe. A change in the electrochemical signal produced by the redox probe as compared to a control signal is indicative of the presence of the target protein.

摘要翻译： 提供了鉴定样品中靶蛋白的存在的电化学方法。 该方法包括提供经修饰的氧化还原探针以包括适合于结合靶蛋白的检测器，并将样品暴露于检测器修饰的氧化还原探针。 与对照信号相比，由氧化还原探针产生的电化学信号的变化指示靶蛋白的存在。

公开(公告)号：US20110218114A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-08

申请号：US12680342

申请日：2008-09-26

申请人： Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Kagan Kerman ,  Haifeng Song

发明人： Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz ,  Kagan Kerman ,  Haifeng Song

IPC分类号： C40B30/00 ,  C07H19/20 ,  C07H23/00 ,  G01N33/50 ,  G01N27/327

CPC分类号： C07H19/20 ,  C07H23/00 ,  C40B30/00 ,  G01N27/327 ,  G01N33/50

摘要： A nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) participates in a phosphorylation reaction, wherein a phosphate group is transferred from the NTP to a substrate by a kinase. Provision in a kinase reaction of a NTP whose gamma phosphate is conjugated to an electroactive label results in the transfer of the gamma phosphate-electroactive label conjugate from the NTP to the substrate. The electroactive label is an organic moiety such as a quinone or a nitroheterocycle, or is a metallocene such as a ferrocene or a cobaltocene. Upon transfer of the gamma phosphate-electroactive label conjugate to an electrode-bound substrate by a kinase, the phosphorylation event is detected electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. Phosphorylation can also be detected by mass spectrometry of a substrate carrying the electroactive label-conjugated gamma phosphate. NTP comprising the gamma phosphate-electroactive label conjugate is used in methods of detecting the presence of a kinase in a sample, screening candidate compounds that modulate kinase activity, and in methods of diagnosing a disease associated with a kinase.

摘要翻译： 核苷酸三磷酸（NTP）参与磷酸化反应，其中通过激酶将磷酸基团从NTP转移到底物。 提供其γ-磷酸酯与电活性标记缀合的NTP的激酶反应导致γ磷酸酯电活性标记缀合物从NTP转移到底物。 电活性标记是有机部分，例如醌或硝基杂环，或是茂金属如二茂铁或者共轭二烯。 通过激酶将γ-磷酸酯电活性标记缀合物转移到电极结合的底物上，通过循环伏安法电化学检测磷酸化事件。 磷酸化也可以通过携带电活性标记结合的γ磷酸盐的底物的质谱进行检测。 用于检测样品中激酶存在的方法，筛选调节激酶活性的候选化合物的方法以及诊断与激酶相关疾病的方法中的包含γ-磷酸 - 电活性标记缀合物的NTP。