公开(公告)号：US5761238A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US676013

申请日：1996-07-05

申请人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Irfan Ali ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Michael Paul Weir

发明人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Irfan Ali ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Michael Paul Weir

IPC分类号： H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/26 ,  H04B1/69

CPC分类号： H04B1/707

摘要： A low complexity and low cost transmitted reference spread spectrum communications system provides several methods of generating a suitable wideband carrier, a method for combining the wideband carrier with a narrowband modulated wideband carrier, and a number of implementations of a simple, inexpensive receiver for the transmitted reference communications system. The transmitter includes a balanced modulator for modulating a wideband spreading signal with a narrowband message signal to generate a wideband carrier. A signal combiner combines the wideband carrier with a narrowband modulated wideband carrier to generate a transmitted reference spread spectrum signal. The receiver includes a selectable time delay device having a plurality of taps for receiving a detected received signal from the transmitter. A tap selector selects a delayed signal from the selectable time delay device. A mixer combines output signals of the selectable time delay device and the tap selector, and a leaky integrator receives the mixer output signal and controls the tap selector. The leaky detector generates the narrowband message signal.

摘要翻译： 低复杂度和低成本传输的参考扩频通信系统提供了几种产生合适的宽带载波的方法，一种用于将宽带载波与窄带调制宽带载波组合的方法，以及用于传输的简单，便宜的接收机的多种实施方式 参考通信系统。 发射机包括用于利用窄带消息信号调制宽带扩频信号以产生宽带载波的平衡调制器。 信号组合器将宽带载波与窄带调制宽带载波组合以产生发射的参考扩展频谱信号。 接收机包括具有多个抽头的可选择的时间延迟装置，用于从发射机接收检测到的接收信号。 分接选择器选择来自可选时延装置的延迟信号。 混频器组合可选时延装置的输出信号和分接选择器，泄漏积分器接收混频器输出信号并控制分接选择器。 泄漏检测器产生窄带消息信号。

公开(公告)号：US5867489A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-02

申请号：US691964

申请日：1996-08-05

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Richard Charles Gaus, Jr. ,  Wayne Curtis Taft ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Glen William Brooksby

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Richard Charles Gaus, Jr. ,  Wayne Curtis Taft ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Glen William Brooksby

IPC分类号： G01S5/14 ,  G01S19/05 ,  G01S19/11 ,  G01S19/21 ,  G01S19/29 ,  G01S19/46 ,  H04B7/212 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04J3/16

CPC分类号： H04B7/2125 ,  H04J3/0605 ,  G01S5/14

摘要： In a time division multiple access spacecraft communication system, each ground station determines when to send its information packets to arrive at the spacecraft at the beginning of a time slot. The calculation is based upon knowledge of the location of the spacecraft. A master ground station determines the location of the spacecraft by the use of the propagation delays between the various ground stations (including itself) and the spacecraft, together with knowledge of the locations of the ground stations. The spacecraft location is then transmitted back to the various ground stations. The determination of propagation delay by each ground station is performed in two major steps. The first step determines coarse time delay to within one bit interval by repeatedly transmitting a multibit unique word to the spacecraft, and counting bits until the next unique word is received from the spacecraft. To determine fine propagation delay, a high-frequency clock signal is counted from the time of transmission of each bit edge until the reception of the next bit edge. The sum of the coarse and fine delays, together with a plurality of frame intervals, establishes the range to the spacecraft.

摘要翻译： 在时分多址航天器通信系统中，每个地面站确定在时隙开始时何时发送其信息分组到达航天器。 计算基于对航天器位置的了解。 主地面站通过使用各种地面站（包括其自身）和航天器之间的传播延迟以及地面站位置的知识来确定航天器的位置。 然后将航天器的位置传送回各个地面站。 每个地面站的传播延迟的确定在两个主要步骤中进行。 第一步通过向航天器重复发送多位唯一字，并计数位，直到从航天器接收到下一个唯一字，确定在一个位间隔内的粗略时间延迟。 为了确定精细的传播延迟，从每个位边沿的传输时间直到下一个位边沿的接收来计数高频时钟信号。 粗略和精细延迟的总和以及多个帧间隔建立了航天器的范围。

公开(公告)号：US5878034A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US655112

申请日：1996-05-29

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

IPC分类号： G01S19/05 ,  G01S19/11 ,  G01S19/21 ,  G01S19/29 ,  G01S19/46 ,  H04B7/212 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04L7/04

CPC分类号： H04B7/2125 ,  H04J3/0682 ,  H04L7/043

摘要： In a time division multiple access spacecraft communication system, each ground station determines when to send its information packets to arrive at the spacecraft at the beginning of a time slot. The calculation is based upon knowledge of the locations of the spacecraft and the transmitting ground station. A master ground station determines the location of the spacecraft by the use of the propagation delays between the various ground stations (including itself) and the spacecraft, together with knowledge of the locations of the ground stations. The spacecraft location is then transmitted back to the various ground stations. The determination of propagation delay by each ground station is performed by repeatedly transmitting a ranging signal containing a multiple-bit unique word to the spacecraft, and counting spreading code chips until the next unique word is received from the spacecraft.

摘要翻译： 在时分多址航天器通信系统中，每个地面站确定在时隙开始时何时发送其信息分组到达航天器。 计算基于对航天器和发射地面站位置的了解。 主地面站通过使用各种地面站（包括其自身）和航天器之间的传播延迟以及地面站位置的知识来确定航天器的位置。 然后将航天器的位置传送回各个地面站。 每个地面站的传播延迟的确定是通过将​​包含多位唯一字的测距信号重复发射到航天器来执行的，并且对扩展码芯片进行计数，直到从航天器接收到下一个唯一字。

公开(公告)号：US5680143A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-21

申请号：US655111

申请日：1996-05-29

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  David Allen Langan

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  David Allen Langan

IPC分类号： G01S7/00 ,  G01S13/82 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： G01S13/82 ,  H01Q3/22 ,  G01S7/006

摘要： A ranging system for a communications spacecraft (14) overlays a Gaussian noise signal over a broadband channel which also carries information or traffic signals. The noise is used to establish the range between a ground station (12) and the spacecraft (14). The range is determined by delaying the Gaussian noise in a controllable delay (32), and autocorrelating the delayed noise with the noise returned over the communications channel from the spacecraft. The ranging system (FIG. 4) reduces the bandwidth of the noise in a filter (18) during initial acquisition, to color the noise and broaden the autocorrelation peak (FIG. 3a). The broad peak shortens the initial search time. Once the peak is initially found, the noise bandwidth is progressively broadened to narrow the autocorrelation peak (FIG. 3c) and to give a more accurate indication of range.

摘要翻译： 用于通信航天器（14）的测距系统通过宽带信道覆盖高斯噪声信号，该信号还携带信息或业务信号。 噪声用于建立地面站（12）和航天器（14）之间的距离。 通过在可控延迟（32）中延迟高斯噪声来确定该范围，并且将延迟的噪声与从航天器通信通道返回的噪声自相关。 测距系统（图4）在初始采集期间降低了滤波器（18）中的噪声的带宽，以使噪声着色并扩大自相关峰值（图3a）。 宽峰缩短了初始搜索时间。 一旦最初发现峰值，噪声带宽逐渐变宽，以缩小自相关峰值（图3c）并给出更准确的范围指示。

公开(公告)号：US5926467A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-20

申请号：US779152

申请日：1997-01-03

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Irfan Ali ,  Naofal Mohammad Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Robert Gordon Nelson

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Irfan Ali ,  Naofal Mohammad Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Robert Gordon Nelson

IPC分类号： H04B7/185 ,  H04B7/204

CPC分类号： H04B7/18532

摘要： A single, simple but multi-moded protocol for implementation on different data transportation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems uses a Doppler-Based Multiple Access (DBMA) system to assign transmission times for responding transceivers. The Doppler frequency shift observed at the transceivers is used to control transmissions from them such that the system is at its maximum capacity limit at all times.

摘要翻译： 用于实现不同数据传输的单一简单但多模式的协议低地球轨道（LEO）系统使用基于多普勒的多路访问（DBMA）系统为响应收发器分配传输时间。 在收发器处观察到的多普勒频移用于控制来自它们的传输，使得系统始终处于其最大容量限制。

公开(公告)号：US6061388A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-09

申请号：US660382

申请日：1996-06-07

申请人： Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Eugene Joseph Orlowski, Jr. ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

发明人： Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Eugene Joseph Orlowski, Jr. ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

IPC分类号： H04B1/707 ,  H04B15/00 ,  H04K1/00 ,  H04L27/30

CPC分类号： H04B1/707

摘要： A method and apparatus for implementing a spread spectrum communication system of the "transmitted reference" type provides both multipath and interference protection with little complexity. Need for a local reference is avoided by transmitting a reference that the receiver can use to perform despreading. In general, the transmitted reference system sends both a message signal and a reference signal to the receiver. The message signal contains the information to be communicated, which has been spread through multiplication with a wide band "spreading waveform". The reference signal consists of the spreading waveform itself which the receiver call use to despread the message signal and recover the information.

摘要翻译： 用于实现“发送参考”类型的扩展频谱通信系统的方法和装置提供了几乎没有复杂性的多路径和干扰保护。 通过发送接收器可以用来执行解扩的参考来避免本地引用的需要。 通常，发送的参考系统向接收器发送消息信号和参考信号。 消息信号包含通过与宽带“扩展波形”相乘而扩展的要传送的信息。 参考信号由扩展波形本身组成，接收机呼叫用于解扩消息信号并恢复信息。

公开(公告)号：US06754282B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US09460106

申请日：1999-12-13

申请人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Eugene Joseph Orlowski ,  Richard Louis Frey

发明人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Eugene Joseph Orlowski ,  Richard Louis Frey

IPC分类号： H04L2300

CPC分类号： H04L1/006 ,  H04L1/0041 ,  H04L25/03828 ,  H04L25/4906

摘要： A dc-free coding scheme that also provides channel gain employs a code that is based on an alphabet of two and comprises a list of N-dimensional vectors, where N is even, with a maximum run of two symbols. From this list, all vectors which begin or end in two identical symbols are eliminated. This avoids runs of longer than two consecutive symbols when vectors are concatenated. With this scheme, if the baseband transmission of a “+” is realized with positive voltage V and transmission of a “−” is realized with a negative voltage −V, then any concatenation of symbols is dc-free. Improved coding gain is realized by mapping modulated signals onto convolutional code trellises.

摘要翻译： 还提供信道增益的无直流编码方案采用基于两个字母表的代码，并且包括N维向量​​的列表，其中N是偶数，具有两个符号的最大运行。 从该列表中，消除了以两个相同符号开始或结束的所有向量。 当矢量被连接时，这避免了长于两个连续符号的运行。 利用该方案，如果利用正电压V实现“+”的基带传输，并且利用负电压-V实现“ - ”的传输，则符号的任何级联将是无直流的。 通过将调制信号映射到卷积码格来实现改进的编码增益。

公开(公告)号：US5828335A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-27

申请号：US554131

申请日：1995-11-06

申请人： Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

发明人： Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

IPC分类号： H04B7/185

CPC分类号： H04B7/18543

摘要： A control system for the uplink transmitter of a ground station communicating with a spacecraft includes an antenna located at the ground station, pointed toward the spacecraft for receiving downlink signals transmitted therefrom. The received signals are accompanied by noise attributable to ambient, sky and ground temperatures. A low-noise receiver is coupled to the output port of the antenna, for establishing the receiver noise temperature. A processor is coupled to the low-noise receiver apparatus and to the power control input port of the uplink transmitter, for responding to changes in the received noise power attributable to the presence or absence of precipitation in the downlink. The processor does this by producing an estimate of the attenuation attributable to the rain in the downlink, and generates the control signal in response to the estimate of the attenuation. The control signal increases the signal power of the uplink transmitter in response to increases in the estimate of the rain attenuation, and decreases the signal power of the uplink transmitter in response to decreases in the estimate of the rain attenuation. The processor determines the downlink rain attenuation L.sub.a,D by L.sub.a,D f(.DELTA.N.sub.R)=T.sub.eff /(1+T.sub.eff -.DELTA.N.sub.R) where T.sub.eff =(T.sub.amb -T.sub.sky)/(T.sub.LNA +T.sub.g +T.sub.sky)

摘要翻译： 用于与航天器通信的地面站的上行链路发射机的控制系统包括位于地面站的天线，指向航天器，用于接收从其发射的下行链路信号。 收到的信号伴随着环境，天空和地面温度的噪音。 低噪声接收器耦合到天线的输出端口，用于建立接收机噪声温度。 处理器耦合到低噪声接收机设备和上行链路发射机的功率控制输入端口，以响应归因于下行链路中是否存在降水的接收噪声功率的变化。 处理器通过产生归因于下行链路中的雨的衰减的估计来做到这一点，并且响应于衰减的估计而产生控制信号。 控制信号响应于雨衰的估计的增加而增加上行链路发射机的信号功率，并且响应于雨衰的估计的减小而降低上行链路发射机的信号功率。 处理器确定下行链路衰减衰减La，D byLa，D + Z f（DELTA NR）= Teff /（1 + Teff-DELTA NR）其中Teff =（Tamb-Tsky）/（TLNA + Tg + Tsky）

公开(公告)号：US06668012B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-23

申请号：US09353655

申请日：1999-07-15

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir

IPC分类号： H04L2730

CPC分类号： H04B1/70753 ,  H04B1/7077

摘要： A receiver for a unique word sequence or a spreading code sequence includes a memory which is preloaded with all possible phases of the code. The sequence in the received signal is correlated, in parallel, with sums of various ones of the different phases of the code. Thus, the received code is correlated with all possible phases of a replica of its own code. Consequently, one of the sums will exhibit a correlation peak, which indicates that the desired phase of the code is included in that particular sum. The other sums will not exhibit a correlation peak, and are is discarded. The different phases in the one sum which displayed correlation are divided into new sums, each having fewer phases, and the correlation is again performed. Again, those sums exhibiting no correlation are discarded, and the sum exhibiting correlation is divided into sums of fewer codes.

摘要翻译： 用于唯一字序列或扩展码序列的接收机包括预先加载有代码的所有可能相位的存储器。 并行地将接收信号中的序列与码的不同相位的和进行相加。 因此，接收到的代码与其自己的代码的副本的所有可能的相位相关联。 因此，总和中的一个将呈现相关峰值，这表示代码的期望相位被包括在该特定和中。 其他总和将不会呈现相关峰值，并被丢弃。 显示相关性的一个和中的不同相位被分成新的和，每个相位具有较少的相位，并且再次执行相关性。 再次，表示没有相关性的那些和被丢弃，并且显示相关性的和被划分为较少代码的和。

公开(公告)号：US5708966A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-13

申请号：US644643

申请日：1996-04-04

申请人： Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  John Erik Hershey

发明人： Naofal Mohammed Wassel Al-Dhahir ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  John Erik Hershey

IPC分类号： H04B7/185

CPC分类号： H04B7/18543

摘要： A communications system includes first and second ground stations and a spacecraft repeater. Data signals are transmitted between ground stations by way of the repeater, together with spread-spectrum ranging signals. Uplink rain attenuation is compensated for changing the transmitted power at the ground stations. The amount of downlink attenuation is determined by measuring the total carrier-to-noise ratio in three paths, station 1 to station 2, station 2 to station 1, and station 1 to station 1. With these three values of total attenuation, the two downlink attenuations and the number of active signals traversing the repeater can be determined. The downlink attenuations are converted to uplink attenuations, and used to control the transmitters.

摘要翻译： 通信系统包括第一和第二地面站和航天器中继器。 数据信号通过中继器在地面站之间以及扩频测距信号一起传输。 补偿上行链路雨衰，以改变地面站的发射功率。 下行链路衰减的量通过测量从站1到站2，站2到站1和站1到站1的三个路径中的总载波信噪比来确定。利用这三个总衰减值，两个 可以确定下行链路衰减和穿过中继器的有效信号的数量。 下行链路衰减被转换为上行链路衰减，用于控制发射机。