公开(公告)号：US5761238A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US676013

申请日：1996-07-05

申请人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Irfan Ali ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Michael Paul Weir

发明人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Irfan Ali ,  John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Michael Paul Weir

IPC分类号： H04B1/707 ,  H04B7/26 ,  H04B1/69

CPC分类号： H04B1/707

摘要： A low complexity and low cost transmitted reference spread spectrum communications system provides several methods of generating a suitable wideband carrier, a method for combining the wideband carrier with a narrowband modulated wideband carrier, and a number of implementations of a simple, inexpensive receiver for the transmitted reference communications system. The transmitter includes a balanced modulator for modulating a wideband spreading signal with a narrowband message signal to generate a wideband carrier. A signal combiner combines the wideband carrier with a narrowband modulated wideband carrier to generate a transmitted reference spread spectrum signal. The receiver includes a selectable time delay device having a plurality of taps for receiving a detected received signal from the transmitter. A tap selector selects a delayed signal from the selectable time delay device. A mixer combines output signals of the selectable time delay device and the tap selector, and a leaky integrator receives the mixer output signal and controls the tap selector. The leaky detector generates the narrowband message signal.

摘要翻译： 低复杂度和低成本传输的参考扩频通信系统提供了几种产生合适的宽带载波的方法，一种用于将宽带载波与窄带调制宽带载波组合的方法，以及用于传输的简单，便宜的接收机的多种实施方式 参考通信系统。 发射机包括用于利用窄带消息信号调制宽带扩频信号以产生宽带载波的平衡调制器。 信号组合器将宽带载波与窄带调制宽带载波组合以产生发射的参考扩展频谱信号。 接收机包括具有多个抽头的可选择的时间延迟装置，用于从发射机接收检测到的接收信号。 分接选择器选择来自可选时延装置的延迟信号。 混频器组合可选时延装置的输出信号和分接选择器，泄漏积分器接收混频器输出信号并控制分接选择器。 泄漏检测器产生窄带消息信号。

公开(公告)号：US5867489A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-02

申请号：US691964

申请日：1996-08-05

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Richard Charles Gaus, Jr. ,  Wayne Curtis Taft ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Glen William Brooksby

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Richard Charles Gaus, Jr. ,  Wayne Curtis Taft ,  Richard August Korkosz ,  Glen William Brooksby

IPC分类号： G01S5/14 ,  G01S19/05 ,  G01S19/11 ,  G01S19/21 ,  G01S19/29 ,  G01S19/46 ,  H04B7/212 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04J3/16

CPC分类号： H04B7/2125 ,  H04J3/0605 ,  G01S5/14

摘要： In a time division multiple access spacecraft communication system, each ground station determines when to send its information packets to arrive at the spacecraft at the beginning of a time slot. The calculation is based upon knowledge of the location of the spacecraft. A master ground station determines the location of the spacecraft by the use of the propagation delays between the various ground stations (including itself) and the spacecraft, together with knowledge of the locations of the ground stations. The spacecraft location is then transmitted back to the various ground stations. The determination of propagation delay by each ground station is performed in two major steps. The first step determines coarse time delay to within one bit interval by repeatedly transmitting a multibit unique word to the spacecraft, and counting bits until the next unique word is received from the spacecraft. To determine fine propagation delay, a high-frequency clock signal is counted from the time of transmission of each bit edge until the reception of the next bit edge. The sum of the coarse and fine delays, together with a plurality of frame intervals, establishes the range to the spacecraft.

摘要翻译： 在时分多址航天器通信系统中，每个地面站确定在时隙开始时何时发送其信息分组到达航天器。 计算基于对航天器位置的了解。 主地面站通过使用各种地面站（包括其自身）和航天器之间的传播延迟以及地面站位置的知识来确定航天器的位置。 然后将航天器的位置传送回各个地面站。 每个地面站的传播延迟的确定在两个主要步骤中进行。 第一步通过向航天器重复发送多位唯一字，并计数位，直到从航天器接收到下一个唯一字，确定在一个位间隔内的粗略时间延迟。 为了确定精细的传播延迟，从每个位边沿的传输时间直到下一个位边沿的接收来计数高频时钟信号。 粗略和精细延迟的总和以及多个帧间隔建立了航天器的范围。

公开(公告)号：US5878034A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US655112

申请日：1996-05-29

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier

IPC分类号： G01S19/05 ,  G01S19/11 ,  G01S19/21 ,  G01S19/29 ,  G01S19/46 ,  H04B7/212 ,  H04J3/06 ,  H04L7/04

CPC分类号： H04B7/2125 ,  H04J3/0682 ,  H04L7/043

摘要： In a time division multiple access spacecraft communication system, each ground station determines when to send its information packets to arrive at the spacecraft at the beginning of a time slot. The calculation is based upon knowledge of the locations of the spacecraft and the transmitting ground station. A master ground station determines the location of the spacecraft by the use of the propagation delays between the various ground stations (including itself) and the spacecraft, together with knowledge of the locations of the ground stations. The spacecraft location is then transmitted back to the various ground stations. The determination of propagation delay by each ground station is performed by repeatedly transmitting a ranging signal containing a multiple-bit unique word to the spacecraft, and counting spreading code chips until the next unique word is received from the spacecraft.

摘要翻译： 在时分多址航天器通信系统中，每个地面站确定在时隙开始时何时发送其信息分组到达航天器。 计算基于对航天器和发射地面站位置的了解。 主地面站通过使用各种地面站（包括其自身）和航天器之间的传播延迟以及地面站位置的知识来确定航天器的位置。 然后将航天器的位置传送回各个地面站。 每个地面站的传播延迟的确定是通过将​​包含多位唯一字的测距信号重复发射到航天器来执行的，并且对扩展码芯片进行计数，直到从航天器接收到下一个唯一字。

公开(公告)号：US5680143A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-21

申请号：US655111

申请日：1996-05-29

申请人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  David Allen Langan

发明人： John Erik Hershey ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Gary Jude Saulnier ,  David Allen Langan

IPC分类号： G01S7/00 ,  G01S13/82 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： G01S13/82 ,  H01Q3/22 ,  G01S7/006

摘要： A ranging system for a communications spacecraft (14) overlays a Gaussian noise signal over a broadband channel which also carries information or traffic signals. The noise is used to establish the range between a ground station (12) and the spacecraft (14). The range is determined by delaying the Gaussian noise in a controllable delay (32), and autocorrelating the delayed noise with the noise returned over the communications channel from the spacecraft. The ranging system (FIG. 4) reduces the bandwidth of the noise in a filter (18) during initial acquisition, to color the noise and broaden the autocorrelation peak (FIG. 3a). The broad peak shortens the initial search time. Once the peak is initially found, the noise bandwidth is progressively broadened to narrow the autocorrelation peak (FIG. 3c) and to give a more accurate indication of range.

摘要翻译： 用于通信航天器（14）的测距系统通过宽带信道覆盖高斯噪声信号，该信号还携带信息或业务信号。 噪声用于建立地面站（12）和航天器（14）之间的距离。 通过在可控延迟（32）中延迟高斯噪声来确定该范围，并且将延迟的噪声与从航天器通信通道返回的噪声自相关。 测距系统（图4）在初始采集期间降低了滤波器（18）中的噪声的带宽，以使噪声着色并扩大自相关峰值（图3a）。 宽峰缩短了初始搜索时间。 一旦最初发现峰值，噪声带宽逐渐变宽，以缩小自相关峰值（图3c）并给出更准确的范围指示。

公开(公告)号：US07127656B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10356872

申请日：2003-02-03

申请人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

发明人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

IPC分类号： H03M13/27 ,  H03M13/45 ,  H03M13/23 ,  H03M13/29 ,  H03M13/35

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/2789 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/3933 ,  H03M13/3961 ,  H03M13/6561

摘要： A turbo decoder control comprises an address generator for addressing systematic data, parity data, and systematic likelihood ratios according to a pre-determined memory mapping. The systematic data samples are accessed in the order required by the MAP decoding algorithm such that interleaving and de-interleaving functions in the MAP decoding algorithm are performed in real-time, i.e., without delay. Such memory-mapping in combination with data handling functions (e.g., multiplexing and combinatorial logic) minimizes memory requirements for the turbo decoder and allows for use of programmable interleavers, variable block lengths, and multiple code rates.

公开(公告)号：US06304996B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-16

申请号：US09263566

申请日：1999-03-08

申请人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki

发明人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki

IPC分类号： H03M1303

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/3911 ,  H03M13/3922 ,  H03M13/3961 ,  H03M13/6561 ,  H03M13/6572 ,  H03M13/658 ,  H03M13/6583 ,  H03M13/6591

摘要： A high-speed turbo decoder utilizes a MAP decoding algorithm and includes a streamlined construction of functional units, or blocks, amenable to ASIC implementation. A gamma block provides symbol-by-symbol a posteriori state transition probability estimates. Two gamma probability function values are provided via selection switches to the alpha and beta blocks for calculating the alpha and beta probability function values, i.e., performing the alpha and beta recursions, respectively, in parallel, thus significantly increasing decoding speed. A scaling circuit monitors the values of the alpha and beta probability functions and prescribes a scale factor such that all such values at a trellis level remain within the precision limits of the system. A sigma block determines the a posteriori state transition probabilities (sigma values) and uses the sigma values to provide soft-decision outputs of the turbo decoder.

摘要翻译： 高速turbo解码器利用MAP解码算法，并且包括易于实施ASIC的功能单元或块的流线型结构。 伽马块提供逐符号的后验状态转换概率估计。 两个伽马概率函数值通过选择开关提供给α和β块用于计算α和β概率函数值，即分别执行α和β递归，从而显着增加解码速度。 缩放电路监视α和β概率函数的值，并规定了比例因子，使得网格级别上的所有这些值都保持在系统的精度限度内。 西格玛块确定后验状态转移概率（sigma值），并使用西格玛值来提供turbo解码器的软判决输出。

公开(公告)号：US6128765A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-03

申请号：US137260

申请日：1998-08-20

申请人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik

发明人： John Anderson Fergus Ross ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik

IPC分类号： H03M13/03

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/3972

摘要： Forward and backward recursive calculations in a maximum a posteriori decoding process are performed in parallel processes, rather than sequentially, allowing the a posteriori transition probabilities to be calculated in the same time interval as the recursions, thereby reducing decoding latency and required memory.

摘要翻译： 最大后验解码过程中的前向和后向递归计算在并行进程中执行，而不是依次执行，允许在与递归相同的时间间隔内计算后验转移概率，从而减少解码延迟和所需的存储器。

公开(公告)号：US06516437B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09519903

申请日：2000-03-07

申请人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

发明人： Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

IPC分类号： H03M1327

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/2789 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/3933 ,  H03M13/3961 ,  H03M13/6561

摘要： A turbo decoder control comprises an address generator for addressing systematic data, parity data, and systematic likelihood ratios according to a pre-determined memory mapping. The systematic data samples are accessed in the order required by the MAP decoding algorithm such that interleaving and de-interleaving functions in the MAP decoding algorithm are performed in real-time, i.e., without delay. Such memory-mapping in combination with data handling functions (e.g., multiplexing and combinatorial logic) minimizes memory requirements for the turbo decoder and allows for use of programmable interleavers, variable block lengths, and multiple code rates.

公开(公告)号：US06192501B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US09137181

申请日：1998-08-20

申请人： Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

发明人： Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

IPC分类号： H03M1323

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/27 ,  H03M13/2993 ,  H03M13/3972

摘要： In a communications system, a trellis code word is segmented by both the encoder and a segmented MAP decoder. The segmented MAP decoder operates on code word segments as if they were individual code words and takes advantage of knowing the state of the encoder at specified times to reduce decoding latency and required memory. In a turbo coding system, for example, coding gain is maintained by interleaving the information bits across the segments of a component code word.

摘要翻译： 在通信系统中，网格码字由编码器和分段MAP解码器分段。 分段MAP解码器对代码字段进行操作，就像它们是单独的代码字，并且利用在指定时间知道编码器的状态来减少解码延迟和所需的存储器。 在turbo编码系统中，例如，通过在分量码字的片段之间交织信息比特来维持编码增益。

公开(公告)号：US06715120B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

申请号：US09561334

申请日：2000-04-28

申请人： Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

发明人： Stephen Michael Hladik ,  Abdallah Mahmoud Itani ,  Nick Andrew Van Stralen ,  Robert Gideon Wodnicki ,  John Anderson Fergus Ross

IPC分类号： H03M1329

CPC分类号： H03M13/3905 ,  H03M13/2957 ,  H03M13/3933 ,  H03M13/3972

摘要： A turbo decoder system utilizing a MAP decoding algorithm has a predetermined number of turbo decoder modules for decoding segments of a turbo code component code word in parallel, thereby expanding the block-length and data rate capability of the turbo decoder. Upon completion of any half iteration of the MAP decoding algorithm, the a posteriori bit probability estimates are provided to an interleave/de-interleave-and-convert-data function block wherein they are re-ordered, segmented, used to modify the original received data samples, and provided back to the respective turbo decoder modules as input data samples for the systematic bits. Decoding continues in this manner until a predetermined number of half iterations is performed, and data decisions are made on the final a posteriori estimates.

摘要翻译： 利用MAP解码算法的turbo解码器系统具有预定数量的turbo解码器模块，用于并行地解码turbo码分量码字的段，从而扩展turbo解码器的块长度和数据速率能力。 在完成MAP解码算法的任何半迭代之后，将后验比特概率估计提供给交织/解交织和转换数据功能块，其中它们被重新排序，分段，用于修改原始接收 数据样本，并提供给相应的turbo解码器模块作为系统比特的输入数据样本。 以这种方式继续解码直到执行预定数量的半迭代，并且对最后的后验估计进行数据判定。