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公开(公告)号：US07680337B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-16
申请号：US11359681
申请日：2006-02-22
CPC分类号： G06K9/0063
摘要： The invention provides a method for identifying one or more materials in a scene by determining a set of spectral vectors, called endmembers, from a data set comprised of spectra from the image data, and matching the set of endmembers to predefined library materials. The image data of the scene is captured with a sensor, and comprises a plurality of spectra. The method applies an iterative mathematical criterion, termed residual minimization, to find the endmembers. The first endmember may be selected based on the largest mean square value or the largest mean magnitude value. Subsequent endmembers are determined by calculating weighting factors, such that the weighting factors are non-negative and the calculated vector differences, or residuals, generate the smallest error metric. The error metric is dependent upon the vector difference between two spectra in the image data set, and may be the mean squared vector difference between two spectra.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于通过从包括来自图像数据的光谱的数据集合中确定一组称为端组件的频谱矢量来识别场景中的一种或多种材料的方法，以及将该组端组件与预定义的库资料进行匹配。 用传感器捕获场景的图像数据，并且包括多个光谱。 该方法应用迭代数学标准，称为残余最小化，以找到最终成员。 可以基于最大均方值或最大平均幅值来选择第一终端成员。 随后的终端成员通过计算加权因子来确定，使得加权因子是非负的，并且所计算的向量差或残差产生最小误差度量。 误差度量取决于图像数据集中的两个光谱之间的向量差，并且可以是两个光谱之间的均方差矢量差。
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公开(公告)号：US20060188161A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-24
申请号：US11359681
申请日：2006-02-22
IPC分类号： G06K9/46
CPC分类号： G06K9/0063
摘要： A method of representing spectral data, such as hyperspectral imaging data (HSI) and multispectral imaging data (MSI), as a set of simplex models. The method finds end-images or end-spectra in the data (termed “endmembers”) as extreme points, and simultaneously determines the abundance of the endmembers.
摘要翻译： 将诸如高光谱成像数据（HSI）和多光谱成像数据（MSI）的光谱数据表示为一组单纯形模型的方法。 该方法将数据（称为“最终成员”）中的终端图像或最终光谱作为极值点，同时确定最终成员的丰度。
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3.发明申请Reformulated atmospheric band model method for modeling atmospheric propagation at arbitrarily fine spectral resolution and expanded capabilities 有权用于对任意精细光谱分辨率和扩展能力的大气传播建模的重构大气带模型方法公开(公告)号：US20070027664A1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-01
申请号：US11398696
申请日：2006-04-05
申请人： Gail Anderson , Alexander Berk , Prabhat Acharya , Larry Bernstein , Steven Adler-Golden , Jamine Lee , Leonid Muratov
发明人： Gail Anderson , Alexander Berk , Prabhat Acharya , Larry Bernstein , Steven Adler-Golden , Jamine Lee , Leonid Muratov
IPC分类号： G06F17/10
CPC分类号： G01N21/31 , G01N21/3504
摘要： A radiative transport band model method for prediction and analysis of high spectral resolution radiometric measurements. Atomic and molecular line center absorption is determined from finite spectral bin equivalent widths. A mathematically exact expansion for finite bin equivalent widths provides high accuracy at any desired spectral resolution. The temperature and pressure dependent Voigt line tail spectral absorption contributing to each spectral bin is pre-computed and fit to Padé approximants for rapid and accurate accounting of neighboring-to-distant lines. A specific embodiment has been incorporated into the MODTRAN™ radiation transport model.
摘要翻译： 一种用于预测和分析高光谱分辨率辐射测量的辐射传输带模型方法。 原子和分子线中心吸收由有限光谱仓当量宽度确定。 有限仓当量宽度的数学精确扩展在任何所需的光谱分辨率下提供高精度。 预先计算出对每个谱仓有贡献的温度和压力相关的Voigt线尾光谱吸收，并适合Padé近似值，以快速准确计算邻近到远距离的线。 具体实施例已被并入到MODTRAN TM辐射传输模型中。
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公开(公告)号：US4766318A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-23
申请号：US866915
申请日：1986-05-27
CPC分类号： G01N21/69 , G01J2003/2869 , G01J3/36 , G01N21/67
摘要： A spark discharge trace element detection system is provided which includes a spark chamber including a pair of electrodes for receiving a sample of gas to be analyzed at no greater than atmospheric pressure. A voltage is provided across the electrodes for generating a spark in the sample. The intensity of the emitted radiation in at least one primary selected narrow band of the radiation is detected. Each primary band corresponds to an element to be detected in the gas. The intensity of the emission in each detected primary band is integrated during the afterglow time interval of the spark emission and a signal representative of the integrated intensity of the emission in each selected primary bond is utilized to determine the concentration of the corresponding element in the gas.
摘要翻译： 提供火花放电痕量元素检测系统，其包括火花室，其包括一对电极，用于在不大于大气压下接收待分析气体的样品。 在电极之间提供电压以在样品中产生火花。 检测在辐射的至少一个主要选择的窄带中发射的辐射的强度。 每个主带对应于在气体中待检测的元件。 在火花发射的余辉时间间隔期间，在每个检测到的主带中的发射强度被积分，并且使用表示每个所选一次键中的发射的积分强度的信号来确定气体中相应元素的浓度 。
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5.发明申请Methods for determining a measure of atmospheric aerosol optical properties using a multi- or hyperspectral, multi-pixel image 有权使用多光谱或多光谱多像素图像确定大气气溶胶光学性质的测量方法公开(公告)号：US20050180651A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-18
申请号：US11100670
申请日：2005-04-07
CPC分类号： G06K9/0063 , G01J3/28 , G01N21/274 , G01N2021/1793 , G01W1/00
摘要： A method of automatically determining a measure of atmospheric aerosol optical properties using a multi- or hyper-spectral, multi-pixel image. A plurality of spectrally-diverse pixels are resolved from the image. A statistical spectral deviation of the spectrally-diverse pixels is determined, and then corrected for non-aerosol transmittance losses. One or more wavelength-dependent aerosol optical depths are derived from the statistical spectral deviation. Wavelength-dependent gaseous optical depths can be derived from the statistical spectral deviation.
摘要翻译： 使用多光谱，多像素图像自动确定大气气溶胶光学性质的测量的方法。 从图像中分辨出多个光谱分散的像素。 确定光谱不同像素的统计光谱偏差，然后校正非气溶胶透射损失。 一个或多个波长依赖的气溶胶光学深度是从统计光谱偏差得出的。 波长依赖的气体光学深度可以从统计光谱偏差中推导出来。
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6.发明授权Systems and methods for optically measuring properties of hydrocarbon fuel gases 失效用于光学测量烃类燃料气体性质的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5822058A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US784608
申请日：1997-01-21
CPC分类号： G01N21/359 , G01N21/3504 , G01N33/0047 , G01N33/2829 , G01N33/22
摘要： A system and method for optical interrogation and measurement of a hydrocarbon fuel gas includes a light source generating light at near-visible wavelengths. A cell containing the gas is optically coupled to the light source which is in turn partially transmitted by the sample. A spectrometer disperses the transmitted light and captures an image thereof. The image is captured by a low-cost silicon-based two-dimensional CCD array. The captured spectral image is processed by electronics for determining energy or BTU content and composition of the gas. The innovative optical approach provides a relatively inexpensive, durable, maintenance-free sensor and method which is reliable in the field and relatively simple to calibrate. In view of the above, accurate monitoring is possible at a plurality of locations along the distribution chain leading to more efficient distribution.
摘要翻译： 用于光学询问和测量烃燃料气体的系统和方法包括产生近似可见波长的光的光源。 含有气体的电池光学耦合到光源，光源又被样品部分透射。 光谱仪分散透射光并捕获其图像。 该图像由低成本硅基二维CCD阵列捕获。 捕获的光谱图像由用于确定能量或BTU含量和气体组成的电子器件处理。 创新的光学方法提供了相对便宜，耐用，免维护的传感器和方法，其在现场是可靠的并且相对简单地校准。 鉴于上述情况，可以在沿着分销链的多个位置处进行准确的监视，从而导致更有效的分配。
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公开(公告)号：US5062707A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US609875
申请日：1990-11-06
CPC分类号： G01N21/62 , G01N2021/625 , G01N21/94
摘要： An ambient surface contamination sensor including a source for supplying gas, which is energized before it reaches the surface being sensed so that it is capable of transferring energy to the contaminants on the surface or vapor originating therefrom. The sensor then detects the optical emission from the gas passed over the surface within a selected wavelength band characteristic of the presence on the surface of the contaminant, and indicates the presence of the contaminant on the surface when such an emission is detected.
摘要翻译： 环境表面污染传感器包括用于供应气体的源，该源在其到达被感测的表面之前通电，使得其能够将能量传递到表面上的污染物或源自其的蒸气。 传感器然后检测来自在污染物表面上存在的特征的选定波长带内通过表面的气体的光发射，并且当检测到这种发射时，表示污染物在表面上的存在。
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公开(公告)号：US4723438A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-09
申请号：US810609
申请日：1985-12-19
IPC分类号： G01J3/30 , G01N21/67 , G01N21/69 , G21C17/028
CPC分类号： G21C17/028 , G01N21/67 , G01J3/30 , G01N21/69 , G01N2201/08
摘要： A spark spectroscopic high-pressure gas analyzer including a spark chamber, having a pair of electrodes, for receiving a sample of the pressurized gas to be analyzed. A voltage is provided across the electrodes for generating a spark in the pressurized gas sample. A selected wavelength band of radiation emitted from the spark discharge in the pressurized gas corresponding to a component to be sensed in the gas is detected. The intensity of the emission in the wavelength band is integrated during the afterglow time interval of the spark emission and a signal representative of the integrated intensity of the emission in the selected narrow wavelength band is employed to determine the proportion of the component in the gas.
摘要翻译： 一种火花光谱高压气体分析仪，包括具有一对电极的火花室，用于接收待分析的加压气体的样品。 在电极两端提供电压以在加压气体样品中产生火花。 检测从加压气体中的火花放电发出的对应于待检测气体中的成分的所选择的波长带的波长带。 在火花发射的余辉时间间隔期间，波长带中的发射强度被积分，并且采用表示所选窄波段中的发射的积分强度的信号来确定气体中的成分的比例。
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公开(公告)号：US20070296969A1
公开(公告)日：2007-12-27
申请号：US11403564
申请日：2006-04-13
申请人： Neil Goldstein , Pajo Vujkovic-Cvijin , Marsha Fox , Steven Adler-Golden , Jamine Lee , Jason Cline , Brian Gregor
发明人： Neil Goldstein , Pajo Vujkovic-Cvijin , Marsha Fox , Steven Adler-Golden , Jamine Lee , Jason Cline , Brian Gregor
IPC分类号： G01J3/28
CPC分类号： G01J3/2823 , G01J3/02 , G01J3/0208 , G01J3/021 , G01J3/0229 , G01J3/14 , G01J3/18 , G01J3/2846
摘要： A spectral encoder for producing spectrally selected images of a radiation field containing multiple spectral components. An imaging spectrograph defines a first optical path that produces from the input radiation field a spectrally dispersed image comprising multiple spectral components displaced along a dispersion direction. Spectral pass bands are encoded on the dispersed image by a programmable spatial light modulator using one or more spatial masks. The imaging spectrograph further defines a second optical path that reverses the spectral dispersion of the first path and produces a spectrally-encoded polychromatic output image containing only those spectral components encoded by the spatial mask. The first and second optical paths share a common dispersing element. A detector records at least one spatial region of the spectrally encoded output image.
摘要翻译： 用于产生包含多个光谱分量的辐射场的光谱选择图像的光谱编码器。 成像光谱仪定义从输入辐射场产生包括沿色散方向移位的多个光谱分量的光谱分散图像的第一光路。 光谱通过频带通过使用一个或多个空间掩模的可编程空间光调制器在分散图像上编码。 成像光谱仪进一步限定第二光路，其反转第一路径的光谱色散，并产生仅包含由空间掩模编码的那些光谱分量的光谱编码的多色输出图像。 第一和第二光路共享共同的分散元件。 检测器记录频谱编码的输出图像的至少一个空间区域。
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公开(公告)号：US4953976A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US325981
申请日：1989-03-20
申请人： Steven Adler-Golden , Neil Goldstein , Fritz Bien
发明人： Steven Adler-Golden , Neil Goldstein , Fritz Bien
CPC分类号： G01N21/65 , G01J2001/4242 , G01J2001/4453 , G01J2003/1226 , G01N2021/516 , G01N21/031
摘要： A gas species monitor system includes a sample volume for receiving a gas to be monitored; an external, independent laser source; means for directing the laser radiation to the volume; a multipass optical cell, responsive to the means for directing, for multiplying the laser radiation intensity in the sample volume; means for continuously flowing the gas to be monitored through the sample volume; a narrow bandpass filter; means for collecting more than a steradian of Raman scattered radiation from the sample in the volume and directing the collected radiation in parallel through the narrow bandpass filter; and means responsive to the parallel radiation from the filter for detecting the Raman scattered radiation representative of the concentration of the species in the gas sample being monitored.
摘要翻译： 气体监测系统包括用于接收待监测气体的样品体积; 外部独立的激光源; 用于将激光辐射引导到体积的装置; 响应于用于引导的装置，用于乘以样品体积中的激光辐射强度的多通道光学单元; 用于使待监测气体持续流过样品体积的装置; 窄带通滤波器; 用于从体积中收集来自样品的拉曼散射辐射的多于反射率的装置，并通过窄带通滤光器并联引导所收集的辐射; 以及响应于来自过滤器的平行辐射的装置，用于检测表示被监测气体样品中物种浓度的拉曼散射辐射。
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