公开(公告)号：US07283164B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-16

申请号：US10246124

申请日：2002-09-18

申请人： Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Bond Yu-Pong Ying ,  John H. Stanback

发明人： Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Bond Yu-Pong Ying ,  John H. Stanback

IPC分类号： H04N9/64 ,  H04N3/14

CPC分类号： H04N5/367 ,  H04N2209/045

摘要： A bad pixel correction (BPC) algorithm that can be implemented on the image sensor chip is provided for detecting and correcting defective pixels in a digital color image sensor. Gradients of neighboring pixels in at least one other color plane than the color plane of a current pixel and a range of sensor values from neighboring pixels in the same color plane as the current pixel are determined. If the sensor value of the current pixel is outside of the range by a threshold amount that is calculated using one or more of the gradients, the current pixel is determined to be a defective pixel, and replaced using the sensor values of the neighboring pixels in the same color plane.

摘要翻译： 可以在图像传感器芯片上实现的坏像素校正（BPC）算法被提供用于检测和校正数字彩色图像传感器中的有缺陷的像素。 确定与当前像素的颜色平面相比至少一个其它颜色平面中的相邻像素的渐变和来自与当前像素相同颜色平面中的相邻像素的传感器值的范围。 如果当前像素的传感器值超出了使用一个或多个梯度计算的阈值的范围，则将当前像素确定为缺陷像素，并使用相邻像素的传感器值进行替换 相同的颜色飞机。

公开(公告)号：US07460688B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-02

申请号：US11007979

申请日：2004-12-09

申请人： John H. Stanback ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Bond Yu Pong Ying

发明人： John H. Stanback ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Bond Yu Pong Ying

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： H04N5/367

摘要： A digital image sensor comprising an array of pixels and a processor is provided. The array of pixels comprises a current pixel in a first color plane that is configured to produce a current sensor value, a first plurality of pixels in the first color plane that is configured to produce a first plurality of sensor values, and a second plurality of pixels in the second color plane that is configured to produce a second plurality of sensor values. The processor is configured to generate a plurality of estimate values using the first plurality of sensor values and a plurality of intensity ratios associated with the second plurality of sensor values, and the processor is configured to determine whether the current pixel is defective using the plurality of estimate values and the current sensor value.

摘要翻译： 提供了包括像素阵列和处理器的数字图像传感器。 像素阵列包括被配置为产生电流传感器值的第一颜色平面中的当前像素，被配置为产生第一多个传感器值的第一颜色平面中的第一多个像素，以及第二多个 被配置为产生第二多个传感器值的第二颜色平面中的像素。 处理器被配置为使用第一多个传感器值和与第二多个传感器值相关联的多个强度比来生成多个估计值，并且处理器被配置为使用多个传感器值来确定当前像素是否有缺陷 估计值和当前传感器值。

公开(公告)号：US06737625B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US09895627

申请日：2001-06-28

申请人： Izhak Baharav ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Dietrich Werner Vook

发明人： Izhak Baharav ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Dietrich Werner Vook

IPC分类号： H04N5335

CPC分类号： H04N5/367

摘要： A sensor includes an array of photodetectors each generating an output signal of pixel data indicative of incident light intensity. This pixel data is read out from the array one line at a time and stored in a line buffer. A bad pixel processor includes a first buffer that stores pixel data obtained from the line buffer for a certain pixel in a currently read out line and pixel signal light data for pixels adjacent to the certain pixel.

摘要翻译： 传感器包括一组光电检测器，每个光电检测器产生指示入射光强度的像素数据的输出信号。 该像素数据一次从阵列中读出，并存储在行缓冲器中。 坏像素处理器包括第一缓冲器，其存储从当前读出的行中的某个像素的行缓冲器获得的像素数据，以及用于与特定像素相邻的像素的像素信号光数据。

公开(公告)号：US07352892B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

申请号：US10392948

申请日：2003-03-20

申请人： Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Izhak Baharav

发明人： Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Izhak Baharav

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G06T7/586 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N21/95684

摘要： Reconstructing the shape of the surface of an object in greater than two dimensions is performed using a noise-tolerant reconstruction process and/or a multi-resolution reconstruction process. The noise-tolerant reconstruction process can be a Bayesian reconstruction process that adds noise information representing the noise distribution in optical image(s) of the object to surface gradient information estimated from the images to determine surface height information that defines the shape of the surface of the object in greater than two dimensions. In the multi-resolution reconstruction process, for each resolution of the image, the surface gradient information is estimated and the surface height information is calculated using the estimated surface gradient information. To obtain the final surface height map, the surface height information from each resolution is combined to reconstruct the shape of the surface of the object in greater than two dimensions. The multi-resolution reconstruction process can be used with the Bayesian reconstruction process or with another decomposition process, such as a wavelet decomposition process.

摘要翻译： 使用耐噪声重建过程和/或多分辨率重建过程来执行大于二维重建对象表面的形状。 噪声容忍重构过程可以是贝叶斯重构过程，其将从物体的光学图像中的噪声分布的噪声信息添加到从图像估计的表面梯度信息，以确定限定表面的形状的表面高度信息 该对象大于二维。 在多分辨率重建处理中，对于图像的每个分辨率，估计表面梯度信息，并且使用估计的表面梯度信息来计算表面高度信息。 为了获得最终的表面高度图，组合来自每个分辨率的表面高度信息，以大于二维重建对象表面的形状。 多分辨率重建过程可以与贝叶斯重构过程或者与其他分解过程（如小波分解过程）一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US07557799B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-07

申请号：US10870881

申请日：2004-06-17

申请人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

发明人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

IPC分类号： G09G5/08

CPC分类号： G06F3/03544 ,  G06F3/0321 ,  G06F3/0395

摘要： An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.

摘要翻译： 数据输入系统包括具有位置编码的编码焊盘和适于对编码焊盘的一部分进行成像以确定数据输入装置相对于编码焊盘的位置和方位的数据输入装置。 编码块包括多个相关窗口。 每个相关窗口包括垂直线段形式的主编码标记和以对角线段形式的一组次级编码标记，至少一个与交叉角相交的垂直线段的对角线段。 对角线段的间距编码输入设备相对于编码区的X轴位置。 交叉角度相对于编码垫编码输入装置的Y轴位置。 捕获图像的帧内的主编码标记垂直线段的角度编码输入设备相对于编码的焊盘的轴的角度取向。

公开(公告)号：US07019826B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-28

申请号：US10392990

申请日：2003-03-20

申请人： Dietrich W. Vook ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Richard L. Baer

发明人： Dietrich W. Vook ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Richard L. Baer

IPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  G06T7/0002 ,  G06T7/586 ,  G06T7/60 ,  G06T7/62 ,  G06T2207/30141 ,  G06T2207/30152

摘要： A three-dimensional optical inspection system reconstructs a three-dimensional image of the shape of the surface of an at least partially specular object resident on a printed circuit board by capturing two or more two-dimensional images of the object under different illumination configurations. The diffuse reflection, as well as the specular reflection can be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional image using any reconstruction method, such as photometric stereo. The different illumination configurations can be achieved using an illumination source including light-emitting elements arranged in concentric circular arrays, in which each of the circular arrays is divided into sections. Each section is independently controlled to selectively activate the sections to illuminate the object in a pre-established illumination pattern.

摘要翻译： 三维光学检查系统通过在不同照明配置下捕获物体的两个或更多个二维图像来重建驻留在印刷电路板上的至少部分镜面物体的表面形状的三维图像。 漫反射以及镜面反射可用于使用诸如光度立体声的任何重建方法来重建三维图像。 可以使用包括以同心圆形阵列布置的发光元件的照明源来实现不同的照明配置，其中每个圆形阵列被分成多个部分。 每个部分被独立地控制以选择性地激活部分以以预先确定的照明模式照亮对象。

公开(公告)号：US08279179B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-02

申请号：US12477404

申请日：2009-06-03

申请人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

发明人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

IPC分类号： G09G5/08

CPC分类号： G06F3/03544 ,  G06F3/0321 ,  G06F3/0395

摘要： An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.

摘要翻译： 数据输入系统包括具有位置编码的编码焊盘和适于对编码焊盘的一部分进行成像以确定数据输入装置相对于编码焊盘的位置和方位的数据输入装置。 编码块包括多个相关窗口。 每个相关窗口包括垂直线段形式的主编码标记和以对角线段形式的一组次级编码标记，至少一个与交叉角相交的垂直线段的对角线段。 对角线段的间距编码输入设备相对于编码区的X轴位置。 交叉角度相对于编码垫编码输入装置的Y轴位置。 捕获图像的帧内的主编码标记垂直线段的角度编码输入设备相对于编码的焊盘的轴的角度取向。

公开(公告)号：US20060126127A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-15

申请号：US11007979

申请日：2004-12-09

申请人： John Stanback ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Bond Ying

发明人： John Stanback ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Bond Ying

IPC分类号： H04N1/04

CPC分类号： H04N5/367

摘要： A digital image sensor comprising an array of pixels and a processor is provided. The array of pixels comprises a current pixel in a first color plane that is configured to produce a current sensor value, a first plurality of pixels in the first color plane that is configured to produce a first plurality of sensor values, and a second plurality of pixels in the second color plane that is configured to produce a second plurality of sensor values. The processor is configured to generate a plurality of estimate values using the first plurality of sensor values and a plurality of intensity ratios associated with the second plurality of sensor values, and the processor is configured to determine whether the current pixel is defective using the plurality of estimate values and the current sensor value.

摘要翻译： 提供了包括像素阵列和处理器的数字图像传感器。 像素阵列包括被配置为产生电流传感器值的第一颜色平面中的当前像素，被配置为产生第一多个传感器值的第一颜色平面中的第一多个像素，以及第二多个 被配置为产生第二多个传感器值的第二颜色平面中的像素。 处理器被配置为使用第一多个传感器值和与第二多个传感器值相关联的多个强度比来生成多个估计值，并且处理器被配置为使用多个传感器值来确定当前像素是否有缺陷 估计值和当前传感器值。

公开(公告)号：US20090237274A1

公开(公告)日：2009-09-24

申请号：US12477404

申请日：2009-06-03

申请人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

发明人： Richard L. Baer ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Izhak Baharav ,  Paul L. Corredoura

IPC分类号： H03M1/22

CPC分类号： G06F3/03544 ,  G06F3/0321 ,  G06F3/0395

摘要： An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.

摘要翻译： 数据输入系统包括具有位置编码的编码焊盘和适于对编码焊盘的一部分进行成像以确定数据输入装置相对于编码焊盘的位置和方位的数据输入装置。 编码块包括多个相关窗口。 每个相关窗口包括垂直线段形式的主编码标记和以对角线段形式的一组次级编码标记，至少一个与交叉角相交的垂直线段的对角线段。 对角线段的间距编码输入设备相对于编码区的X轴位置。 交叉角度相对于编码垫编码输入装置的Y轴位置。 捕获图像的帧内的主编码标记垂直线段的角度编码输入设备相对于编码的焊盘的轴的角度取向。

公开(公告)号：US07176905B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-13

申请号：US10368717

申请日：2003-02-19

申请人： Izhak Baharav ,  Russell M. Iimura ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala

发明人： Izhak Baharav ,  Russell M. Iimura ,  Xuemei Zhang ,  Dietrich W. Vook ,  Ramakrishna Kakarala

IPC分类号： G09G5/00

CPC分类号： G06F3/0426 ,  G06F2203/04109

摘要： Electronic devices having image-based data input systems are described. In one aspect, an electronic device includes a window, multiple indicia, an image sensor, and a data input processor. The window has a contact surface with an input region. The multiple indicia are viewable in the input region of the contact surface. The image sensor is constructed and arranged to produce image signals corresponding to images of the input region. The data input processor is coupled to the image sensor and is operable to produce input signals based on image signals produced by the image sensor and a mapping between areas of the input region images and locations of the input indicia.

摘要翻译： 描述具有基于图像的数据输入系统的电子设备。 一方面，电子设备包括窗口，多个标记，图像传感器和数据输入处理器。 窗口具有与输入区域的接触面。 多个标记可在接触表面的输入区域中看到。 图像传感器被构造和布置成产生对应于输入区域的图像的图像信号。 数据输入处理器耦合到图像传感器，并且可操作以基于由图像传感器产生的图像信号和输入区域图像的区域与输入标记的位置之间的映射来产生输入信号。