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1.发明授权Apparatus providing protection and metering in an ac electrical system utilizing a multi-function sampling technique 失效利用多功能采样技术在交流电气系统中提供保护和测量的装置
公开(公告)号：US5627718A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-06
申请号：US342208
申请日：1994-11-18
IPC分类号： G06F3/05 , G01R19/25 , G01R21/133 , H02H1/00 , H02H3/00 , H02H3/05 , H02H3/093 , H02H3/44 , H02H3/18
CPC分类号： G01R21/133 , H02H3/0935 , H02H1/0007
摘要： A circuit interrupter samples waveforms in a protected circuit by taking samples in pairs spaced 90 electrical degrees apart. The sum of the squares of samples in each pair, which is representative of the RMS value of the fundamental frequency of the waveform, is used for instantaneous protection by comparing a running sum of the squares for the two most recent pairs of samples to a threshold representative of the instantaneous trip pick-up value. This sum of the squares of successive two pairs of samples is also used for short delay protection. A delay between successive pairs of samples is varied to produce a selected equivalent sampling rate after a given number of samples. Samples accumulated at this equivalent sampling rate, which is sixty-four samples per cycle in the preferred embodiment, are used for long delay protection and metering.
摘要翻译： 电路中断器通过将成对间隔成90°电角的对象采样在受保护电路中采样波形。 通过将两个最近的两个采样对的运动的平方和进行比较，将代表波形的基频的RMS值的每对样本的平方和的总和用于瞬时保护 代表瞬时提升值。 连续两对样本的平方和也用于短延时保护。 在连续的样本对之间的延迟被改变以在给定数量的样本之后产生所选择的等效采样率。 在优选实施例中以每个循环64次采样的等效采样率累积的样本被用于长延迟保护和计量。
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2.发明授权Circuit interrupter providing protection and waveform capture for harmonic analysis 失效电路断路器为谐波分析提供保护和波形捕获
公开(公告)号：US5600527A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-04
申请号：US363193
申请日：1994-12-22
IPC分类号： G01R23/20 , G01R21/133 , H02H1/00 , H02H3/04 , H02H3/093 , H02H3/10 , H02H3/50 , H02H3/52 , H02H3/00
CPC分类号： G01R21/133 , H02H3/0935 , H02H1/0007 , H02H3/04 , H02H3/50
摘要： A circuit breaker with a digital trip unit has a protection mode and a waveform capture mode of operation. In the protection mode, an equivalent sampling technique based upon pairs of samples spaced 90 electrical degrees apart with a pattern of delays between pairs is used to digitize the waveforms in the protected electrical system. Synchronous sampling is used in the waveform capture mode. The value of each sample is monitored in the waveform capture mode and a transfer is made back to the protection mode if a threshold value indicating an overcurrent condition is exceeded. The percentage total harmonic distortion, and per harmonic distortion for harmonics, up to and including the 27th are sequentially presented on a display on the front panel of the circuit breaker and can be transmitted along with the raw waveform data to a remote processor.
摘要翻译： 具有数字跳闸单元的断路器具有保护模式和波形捕捉操作模式。 在保护模式中，使用基于成对的样本的等效采样技术，其间隔90度电角度与成对之间的延迟模式间的数字化，以保护电气系统中的波形。 在波形捕捉模式下使用同步采样。 如果超过表示过电流条件的阈值，则以波形捕获模式监视每个采样的值，并将转移回保护模式。 直到并包括第27次谐波的总谐波失真和谐波失真百分比顺序呈现在断路器的前面板上的显示器上，并且可以与原始波形数据一起传输到远程处理器。
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3.发明授权Digitally controlled circuit interrupter with improved automatic selection of sampling interval for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power systems 失效数字控制电路断路器，可以自动选择50 Hz和60 Hz电源系统的采样间隔
公开(公告)号：US5559719A
公开(公告)日：1996-09-24
申请号：US249829
申请日：1994-05-26
摘要： A circuit interrupter with a digital trip unit automatically sets the sampling interval appropriate for the 50 Hz or 60 Hz distribution system to which the interrupter is connected. In order to avoid falsely shifting the interval in response to distorted currents, the trip unit only changes the interval if the number of zero crossings of the current within a fixed number of samples is within two zero crossings of the number of zero crossings for an undistorted current of the other frequency for two consecutive time periods in which the fixed number of samples are taken. Furthermore, changes in the interval are only written into an EEPROM for use on power-up a fixed number of times to preclude disabling the EEPROM. In one embodiment, a 2 pole filter is utilized in the zero crossing counting circuit to eliminate false counts from noise originating in a chopper used in the trip unit power supply. In another embodiment, the zero crossing counting circuit is disabled unless external dc power is available for the trip unit which idles the chopper.
摘要翻译： 具有数字跳闸单元的电路断路器自动设置适用于与断路器连接的50Hz或60Hz分配系统的采样间隔。 为了避免响应于失真电流而错误地移动间隔，如果在固定数量的采样内的电流的零交叉的数量在未失真的零交叉数的两个零交叉之内，则跳闸单元仅改变间隔 采用固定数量样本的两个连续时间段的另一个频率的电流。 此外，间隔的变化只写入一个EEPROM，用于上电固定次数以排除禁用EEPROM。 在一个实施例中，在过零计数电路中使用2极滤波器以消除来自在跳闸单元电源中使用的斩波器的噪声的错误计数。 在另一个实施例中，过零计数电路被禁用，除非外部直流电可用于空转斩波器的跳闸单元。
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4.发明授权Electromagnetic contactor with wide range overload current relay board utilizing left shifting and method 失效具有宽范围过载电流继电器板的电磁接触器利用左移和方法
公开(公告)号：US4757420A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-12
申请号：US16421
申请日：1987-02-19
申请人： Gary F. Saletta , Joseph C. Engel , John G. Leddy
发明人： Gary F. Saletta , Joseph C. Engel , John G. Leddy
CPC分类号： G01R19/25
摘要： A motor controller system is taught in which an overload relay board utilizes a current monitor which produces an output signal which is related to the current being sensed thereby over a wide range of currents which may vary for instance between 1 and 1,000 amperes. This indicative signal is converted to a DC voltage level which is then provided to the analog-to-digital portion of a microprocessor for being converted to a digital number for being processed by the microprocessor for causing the contacts of the motor controller to open at appropriate current values. The system utilizes an integrating capacitor which samples the output current from the sensor 32 times in succession providing a voltage which is proportional to the line current. This voltage which may exceed the input voltage level of the analog-to-digital converter is nevertheless supplied to the analog-to-digital converter and sampled internally by the microprocessor at double the line cycle time period until the 32 samplings have expired. If at any time during this doubled sampling process the output of the analog-to-digital converter digitally saturates, the left shifting technique is provided with other memory locations within the microprocessor to provide an approximate double value of voltage so that at the end of the 32 line half cycles a very close approximation of the actual current is contained within storage locations within the microprocessor for effective utilization thereby.
摘要翻译： 一种电动机控制器系统被教导，其中过载继电器板利用电流监视器，该电流监视器产生一个输出信号，该输出信号与可能在1到1000安培之间变化的宽电流范围内的感测电流相关。 该指示信号被转换为直流电压电平，然后将其提供给微处理器的模拟 - 数字部分，以将其转换为数字数字，以由微处理器处理，以使马达控制器的触点在适当的位置打开 当前值。 该系统利用积分电容器，连续地对传感器32的输出电流进行连续取样，提供与线电流成比例的电压。 然而，可能超过模数转换器的输入电压电平的电压被提供给模数转换器，并由微处理器在内部采样两倍的行周期时间段，直到32个采样已经到期。 如果在这个双倍的采样过程中，模数转换器的输出数字饱和的任何时间，左移位技术都提供有微处理器内的其他存储单元，以提供近似的电压值，以便在 32行半周期中，实际电流的非常接近的近似值被包含在微处理器内的存储位置内以便有效利用。
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公开(公告)号：US4734639A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-29
申请号：US868834
申请日：1986-05-29
CPC分类号： G01R19/25
摘要： A master metering module is taught which utilizes a programmed microprocessor and externally operated switches to alert the module as to what kind of system is being monitored thereby. For example, is the system being monitored a .DELTA.-connected electrical system or a Y-connected electrical system. This is useful in providing output indications of line-to-line voltage or line-to-neutral voltage, for example. When measuring voltages whether line-to-line or line-to-neutral one voltage value is substituted from another. A differential amplifier is utilized to do this. In one case the differential amplifier subtracts one line voltage from another line voltage, but in another case it subtracts neutral or zero ground potential from a line voltage. A switching arrangement is provided which interconnects one terminal of the differential amplifier with the neutral input terminal and with a line input terminal through appropriate conditioning of the microprocessor.
摘要翻译： 教授了一种主计量模块，其使用编程的微处理器和外部操作的开关来向模块警告由此监控什么样的系统。 例如，正在监视的系统是DELTA连接的电气系统或Y连接的电气系统。 这在例如提供线对线电压或线对中性电压的输出指示中是有用的。 当测量电压是否从另一个代替线对线或中线一个电压值时。 使用差分放大器来做到这一点。 在一种情况下，差分放大器从另一条线路电压中减去一条线路电压，但在另一种情况下，它会从一条线路电压中减去中性点或零点地电位。 提供了一种开关装置，其通过微处理器的适当调节将差分放大器的一个端子与空载输入端子和线路输入端子相互连接。
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6.发明授权Electrical switching apparatus with digital trip unit and automatic frequency selection 失效具有数字跳闸单元和自动频率选择的电气开关设备
公开(公告)号：US5428495A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US954915
申请日：1992-09-30
IPC分类号： H01H71/36 , G01R19/165 , H01H71/74 , H01H73/00 , H01H83/02 , H02H1/00 , H02H3/00 , H02H3/093 , H02H3/26 , H01H47/20
CPC分类号： G01R19/16528 , H02H3/006 , H01H71/7409 , H02H1/0007 , H02H3/093 , Y10T307/852
摘要： A microprocessor based switch such as a circuit breaker generates digital rms representations of analog load currents from n samples of the analog currents per cycle synchronized to the line frequency, where n is an odd integer equal to a selected highest order harmonic to be detected plus 2. A routine determines whether the power system is 50 or 60 Hz, and automatically sets the sampling interval to provide exactly n samples per cycle for the connected source. Terminals for rapidly resetting an analog memory for calibration and field testing of a long delay trip are hidden behind a removable rating plug.
摘要翻译： 基于微处理器的开关（例如断路器）产生模拟负载电流的数字有效值表示，该模拟负载电流来自与线路频率同步的每个周期的模拟电流的n个采样，其中n是等于要检测的所选最高次谐波加上2 例程确定电力系统是50或60Hz，并自动设置采样间隔，为连接的源提供每个周期的正好n个采样。 用于快速复位模拟存储器的端子用于长时间延迟跳闸的校准和现场测试隐藏在可拆卸额定插头后面。
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7.发明授权Electromagnetic contactor with current regulated electromagnetic coil for holding the contacts closed 失效具有电流调节电磁线圈的电磁接触器用于保持触点闭合
公开(公告)号：US4720761A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-19
申请号：US16423
申请日：1987-02-19
申请人： Gary F. Saletta , Joseph C. Engel , John G. Leddy
发明人： Gary F. Saletta , Joseph C. Engel , John G. Leddy
CPC分类号： H01H47/325
摘要： An electromagnetic contactor is taught which includes a conduction angle controlled triac or similar gated device which is connected in series circuit relationship with the winding of an electromagnetic solenoid or coil which is responsible for closing the contactor contacts and for keeping them closed. The current flowing through the triac is fed to a microprocessor which digitizes the current and compares it to a stored standard. The conduction angle is then decremented or incremented as necessary to change the conduction angle to cause less or more current to flow per half cycle until the amount of current flowing as sensed on a half-cycle-by-half-cycle basis is equal to the current represented by the stored standard.
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公开(公告)号：US4476511A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-09
申请号：US555424
申请日：1983-11-23
申请人： Gary F. Saletta , Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
发明人： Gary F. Saletta , Robert T. Elms , Joseph C. Engel
CPC分类号： H02H3/105 , H02H3/0935
摘要： A circuit interrupter includes a trip unit consisting of a microcomputer and a liquid crystal numeric display mounted on the front panel of the trip unit. A power supply provides operating power for the trip unit even after a tripping operation. A microcomputer includes read-only memory for storing instructions to cause the microcomputer to sequentially display numeric values corresponding to the present electrical conditions through the circuit interrupter and the parameters defining the time-trip characteristic of the interrupter. Storage means are provided to store the level of phase or ground current resulting in a tripping operation and for displaying this value following a trip. Means are also provided for displaying a single digit numeric value indicating the cause of trip.
摘要翻译： 电路断路器包括由微型计算机组成的跳闸单元和安装在跳闸单元的前面板上的液晶数字显示器。 即使在跳闸操作之后，电源也为跳闸单元提供工作电源。 微型计算机包括用于存储指令的只读存储器，以使微型计算机依次显示通过电路断续器对应于当前电气条件的数值以及定义断续器的时间跳闸特性的参数。 提供存储装置以存储相位或接地电流的电平，导致跳闸操作并且用于在跳闸之后显示该值。 还提供了用于显示指示行程原因的单个数字数值的装置。
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9.发明授权Circuit interrupter with digital trip unit and means to enter trip settings 失效具有数字跳闸单元的断路器和进入跳闸设置的手段
公开(公告)号：US4351012A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-21
申请号：US140553
申请日：1980-04-15
CPC分类号： H02H3/006 , H01H2071/006
摘要： A circuit breaker includes a digital electronic trip unit having a microprocessor. The front panel of the trip unit includes a potentiometer connected across a reference voltage, and a numeric display device. The potentiometer is adjusted by an operator to enter a value of a parameter defining the time-current characteristic of the circuit breaker. An analog-to-digital converter receives the voltage supplied by the potentiometer and converts it to a digital quantity for use by the microcomputer in performing limit checks with the current flow through the contacts of the breaker. The microcomputer formats the converted digital value of the potentiometer voltage and supplies it to a front panel-visible numeric display so that the value of the potentiometer setting as interpreted by the microcomputer in defining the time-current trip characteristic is presented on the numeric display to provide real-time feedback to the operator as he adjusts the parameter value.
摘要翻译： 断路器包括具有微处理器的数字电子跳闸单元。 跳闸单元的前面板包括连接在参考电压上的电位器和数字显示装置。 电位器由操作者进行调整，以输入定义断路器时间电流特性的参数值。 模数转换器接收由电位计提供的电压并将其转换为数字量，供微型计算机使用，并通过断路器的触点进行限流检查。 微型计算机对转换后的电位器电压进行格式化并将其提供给前面板可视数字显示屏，以便在数字显示屏上显示由微型计算机解释的电位器设置值，用于定义时间 - 电流跳闸特性 在调整参数值时，向操作员提供实时反馈。
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公开(公告)号：US4525650A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US569547
申请日：1984-01-10
IPC分类号： H05B41/282 , H05B37/02
CPC分类号： H05B41/2827 , Y02B20/185 , Y10S315/07
摘要： Starting and operating method and apparatus for discharge lamps comprises a current-limiting and rectifying means which provides at its output a low-ripple current-limited direct current. To effect lamp starting, a series-connected inductor and capacitor form a high "Q" resonant circuit with the capacitor connected across the lamp to be operated. This starting circuit connects through a blocking capacitor and charging resistor across the low-ripple source of DC. A pair of transistors which comprise an oscillator are connected emitter-to-collector across the source of DC, with the common-connected emitter and collector connected to the blocking capacitor. A drive air-core transformer has separate feedback windings in the starting and operating circuits and drive windings are associated with the transistors. A trigger diode is used to initially pulse one of the transistors which initially oscillate to generate square waves having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the starting circuit. After the lamp strikes, the transistors operate in a self-oscillating mode with the operating frequency determined by the rate of current flow into the operating feedback winding.
摘要翻译： 用于放电灯的启动和操作方法和装置包括限流和整流装置，其在其输出端提供低纹波限流直流电流。 为了实现灯起动，串联的电感器和电容器形成高“Q”谐振电路，电容器连接在待操作的灯上。 该启动电路通过隔离电容器和DC的低纹波源连接充电电阻。 包括振荡器的一对晶体管在DC源极之间连接发射极到集电极，共同连接的发射极和集电极连接到阻塞电容器。 驱动空心变压器在启动和运行电路中具有单独的反馈绕组，驱动绕组与晶体管相关联。 触发二极管用于初始地振荡晶体管中的一个，其初始振荡以产生具有与启动电路的谐振频率对应的频率的方波。 在灯点亮之后，晶体管以自振荡模式工作，工作频率由电流流入工作反馈绕组的速率决定。
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