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    Fuel cell with metal alloy contacts that form passivating conductive oxide surfaces
    1.
    发明授权
    Fuel cell with metal alloy contacts that form passivating conductive oxide surfaces 有权
    具有形成钝化导电氧化物表面的金属合金触点的燃料电池

    公开(公告)号：US07575826B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-08-18

    申请号：US11825037

    申请日：2007-07-03

    申请人： Joseph V. Mantese ,  David S. Eddy ,  Neil R. Aukland ,  Margarita P. Thompson ,  Su-Chee S. Wang

    发明人： Joseph V. Mantese ,  David S. Eddy ,  Neil R. Aukland ,  Margarita P. Thompson ,  Su-Chee S. Wang

    IPC分类号： H01M8/10

    CPC分类号： H01M8/0204 ,  H01M8/0208 ,  H01M8/0228 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02P70/56

    摘要： A metal alloy which when oxidized forms a highly conductive surface oxide layer. Alloy compositions such as, but not limited to, Ti—Nb, Ti—Ta, La—Sr—Cr, and La—Sr—Co are known to form oxide passivation layers which are highly conductive. Such alloys are useful in electrical contact apparatus. An electrical contact element formed of the alloy has a contact surface which when oxidized forms a highly conductive surface layer, thus maintaining electrical conductivity and continuity through the element. The oxide layer may be formed in situ after assembly of the electrical contact or may be provided in an oxidative step during manufacture. The electrical contact may be formed entirely of one or more of such alloys; or may be formed of an inexpensive substrate base metal, such as steel, having one or more of the alloys coated thereupon; or may be formed of a mixture of the base metal and the alloy.

    摘要翻译： 当氧化时形成高导电性表面氧化物层的金属合金。 已知合金组成例如但不限于Ti-Nb，Ti-Ta，La-Sr-Cr和La-Sr-Co，以形成高导电性的氧化物钝化层。 这种合金可用于电接触装置。 由合金形成的电接触元件具有接触表面，当被氧化时形成高导电表面层，从而保持导电性和通过该元件的连续性。 氧化物层可以在组装电接触之后就地形成，或者可以在制造期间以氧化步骤提供。 电接触可以完全由一种或多种这样的合金形成; 或者可以由廉价的基板金属（例如钢）形成，其中涂覆有一种或多种合金; 或者可以由贱金属和合金的混合物形成。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A CONCENTRATION OF UREA IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
    2.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A CONCENTRATION OF UREA IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION 审中-公开
    用于确定水溶液浓度浓​​度的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20100084558A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-08

    申请号：US12244457

    申请日：2008-10-02

    申请人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Christopher M. Thrush ,  Yingjie Lin

    发明人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Christopher M. Thrush ,  Yingjie Lin

    IPC分类号： G01N31/00 ,  G01J5/02

    CPC分类号： G01N21/3577 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F01N2560/12 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2900/1814 ,  G01N21/552

    摘要： System and methods for determining a concentration of urea in an aqueous solution disposed in a container are provided. The system includes an infrared light source and an infrared light detector. The system further includes a window disposed proximate to an aperture of the container, such that the infrared light at a first light intensity level from the infrared light source passes through a first portion of the window toward the aqueous solution. A portion of the infrared light is absorbed by the aqueous solution, and a second portion of the infrared light is reflected from the aqueous solution and through a second portion of the window. The infrared light detector system generates a first signal indicative of a second light intensity level based on the second portion of infrared light. The system further includes a microprocessor that determines the second light intensity level based on the first signal, and further determines a urea concentration based on the first and second light intensity levels.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于确定设置在容器中的水溶液中的尿素浓度的系统和方法。 该系统包括红外光源和红外光检测器。 该系统还包括靠近容器的孔设置的窗口，使得来自红外光源的第一光强度级的红外光通过窗口的第一部分朝向水溶液。 红外光的一部分被水溶液吸收，红外光的第二部分从水溶液中反射并通过窗口的第二部分反射。 红外光检测器系统基于红外光的第二部分生成表示第二光强度的第一信号。 该系统还包括微处理器，其基于第一信号确定第二光强度水平，并且还基于第一和第二光强度水平确定尿素浓度。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A CONCENTRATION OF BIODIESEL IN A MIXTURE OF BIODIESEL AND PETRODIESEL
    5.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A CONCENTRATION OF BIODIESEL IN A MIXTURE OF BIODIESEL AND PETRODIESEL 审中-公开
    用于确定生物物质和PETRODIESEL混合物中生物体浓度的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090001961A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

    申请号：US11771516

    申请日：2007-06-29

    申请人： Yingjie Lin ,  Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Ming-Cheng Wu

    发明人： Yingjie Lin ,  Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Ming-Cheng Wu

    IPC分类号： G01N27/00

    CPC分类号： G01N33/2829 ,  G01N27/028

    摘要： Systems and methods for determining a concentration of biodiesel in a mixture of biodiesel and petrodiesel are provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving an oscillatory signal at an inductance-capacitance-resistance circuit. The circuit has a sensing element fluidly communicating with the mixture of biodiesel and petrodiesel. The method further includes generating a resonant current at a resonant frequency utilizing the circuit in response to the oscillatory signal. The method further includes determining a concentration value indicating the concentration of the biodiesel in the mixture based on an amplitude of the resonant current and/or the resonant frequency, utilizing a microprocessor. The method further includes storing the concentration value in a memory device, utilizing the microprocessor.

    摘要翻译： 提供了确定生物柴油和石油柴油混合物中生物柴油浓度的系统和方法。 在一个示例性实施例中，一种方法包括在电感 - 电容电阻电路处接收振荡信号。 电路具有与生物柴油和石油柴油的混合物流体连通的感测元件。 该方法还包括响应于振荡信号利用电路产生谐振频率的谐振电流。 该方法还包括利用微处理器，基于谐振电流的振幅和/或谐振频率来确定指示混合物中生物柴油浓度的浓度值。 该方法还包括利用微处理器将浓度值存储在存储器件中。

    Method of etching using a silver/silver oxide reference electrode
    6.
    发明授权
    Method of etching using a silver/silver oxide reference electrode 失效
    使用银/氧化银参考电极进行蚀刻的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5385652A

    公开(公告)日：1995-01-31

    申请号：US168328

    申请日：1993-12-17

    申请人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Dan W. Chilcott

    发明人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Dan W. Chilcott

    IPC分类号： C25F3/12 ,  C23F3/00

    CPC分类号： C25F3/12

    摘要： Generally, the invention includes a method of wet electrochemical etching of a substrate with an anisotropic etchant using a silver/silver oxide (Ag/Ag.sub.2 O) reference electrode. The silver/silver oxide reference electrode can be used with electrochemical etch-stop techniques to fabricate a variety of semiconductor devices including microsensors and microactuator in a variety of anisotropic etchants. The silver/silver oxide reference electrode eliminates the need to use glass or plastic tubes.

    摘要翻译： 通常，本发明包括使用银/银氧化物（Ag / Ag 2 O）参比电极的各向异性蚀刻剂湿式电化学蚀刻衬底的方法。 银/氧化银参考电极可以与电化学蚀刻停止技术一起使用，以在各种各向异性蚀刻剂中制造包括微传感器和微致动器的各种半导体器件。 银/氧化银参考电极消除了使用玻璃或塑料管的需要。

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A TOTAL ACID NUMBER ASSOCIATED WITH BIODIESEL IN A MIXTURE OF BIODIESEL AND PETRODIESEL
    8.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING A TOTAL ACID NUMBER ASSOCIATED WITH BIODIESEL IN A MIXTURE OF BIODIESEL AND PETRODIESEL 审中-公开
    用于测定生物柴油和生物柴油混合物中与生物体相关的总酸值的系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20090001997A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

    申请号：US11771543

    申请日：2007-06-29

    申请人： Yingjie Lin ,  Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Ming-Cheng Wu

    发明人： Yingjie Lin ,  Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Ming-Cheng Wu

    IPC分类号： G01R27/26

    CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N33/2876

    摘要： Systems and methods for determining a total acid number associated with biodiesel in a mixture of biodiesel and petrodiesel are provided. The method includes receiving an oscillatory signal at an inductance-capacitance-resistance circuit. The circuit has a sensing element fluidly communicating with the mixture of biodiesel and petrodiese. The method further includes generating a resonant current at a resonant frequency utilizing the circuit in response to the oscillatory signal. The method further includes determining a dielectric constant value indicating a dielectric constant associated with the biodiesel in the mixture based on the resonant frequency of the resonant current, utilizing a microprocessor. The method further includes determining a concentration value indicating a concentration of the biodiesel in the mixture based on an amplitude of the resonant current and the dielectric constant value, utilizing the microprocessor. The method, further includes determining the total acid number associated with the biodiesel in the mixture based on the amplitude of the resonant current or the resonant frequency, and the concentration value, utilizing the microprocessor.

    摘要翻译： 提供了用于测定与生物柴油和石油柴油混合物中的生物柴油相关的总酸值的系统和方法。 该方法包括在电感电容电阻电路处接收振荡信号。 电路具有与生物柴油和石油石混合物流体连通的传感元件。 该方法还包括响应于振荡信号利用电路产生谐振频率的谐振电流。 该方法还包括利用微处理器，基于谐振电流的谐振频率来确定指示与混合物中的生物柴油相关联的介电常数的介电常数值。 该方法还包括利用微处理器，基于谐振电流的幅度和介电常数值来确定指示混合物中生物柴油浓度的浓度值。 该方法还包括利用微处理器，基于谐振电流或谐振频率的振幅和浓度值来确定混合物中与生物柴油有关的总酸值。

    Electrochemical etch-stop on n-type silicon by injecting holes from a shallow p-type layer
    9.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical etch-stop on n-type silicon by injecting holes from a shallow p-type layer 失效
    通过从浅的p型层注入孔，在n型硅上进行电化学蚀刻停止

    公开(公告)号：US5445718A

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-29

    申请号：US185084

    申请日：1994-01-24

    申请人： Su-Chee S. Wang

    发明人： Su-Chee S. Wang

    IPC分类号： C25F3/12 ,  G02B6/36 ,  H01L21/3063

    CPC分类号： H01L21/3063 ,  C25F3/12 ,  Y10S438/924

    摘要： The invention generally includes a method of selectively etching a body of silicon material wherein a silicon wafer is used as a working electrode and having an n-type region and a relatively shallow p-type layer. The working electrode and a counterelectrode are placed in a liquid etchant. High voltage pulses, greater than 2 V are applied between the working electrode and the counterelectrode so that holes from the p-type layer are injected into the n-type region and etching is stopped due to oxidation of the n-type region. The technique is useful in producing very thin n-type membranes.

    摘要翻译： 本发明通常包括选择性蚀刻硅材料体的方法，其中硅晶片用作工作电极并且具有n型区域和较浅的p型层。 将工作电极和反电极置于液体腐蚀剂中。 在工作电极和反电极之间施加大于2V的高电压脉冲，使得p型层的空穴注入n型区域，并且由于n型区域的氧化而停止蚀刻。 该技术可用于生产非常薄的n型膜。

    Selective electrochemical etching
    10.
    发明授权
    Selective electrochemical etching 失效
    选择电化学蚀刻

    公开(公告)号：US5129982A

    公开(公告)日：1992-07-14

    申请号：US670119

    申请日：1991-03-15

    申请人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Vincent M. McNeil ,  Martin A. Schmidt

    发明人： Su-Chee S. Wang ,  Vincent M. McNeil ,  Martin A. Schmidt

    IPC分类号： H01L21/3063

    CPC分类号： H01L21/3063 ,  Y10S438/924

    摘要： A method of selectively etching a body of a semiconductor material, such as single crystalline silicon, having regions of n-type and p-type conductivity to remove at least a portion of the n-type region. The body is placed in an etching solution of an etchant having a high pH value and a positive voltage is applied between the body and the etchant. This forms passivating layers on the surfaces of the two regions with the passivating layer on the n-type region being different from that on the p-type region. The voltage is then removed and the body is etched for a period long enough to remove all of the passivating layer from the n-type region and at least a portion of the n-type region, but is not long enough to remove all of the passivating layer from the p-type region. This is allowed by the difference between the passivating layers on the two regions. The steps of forming the passivating layers and etching them is repeated until a desired amount of the n-type region is removed.