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1.发明授权Processor for controlling the display of rendered image layers and method for controlling same 失效用于控制渲染图像层的显示的处理器及其控制方法
公开(公告)号：US6008820A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US675435
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
发明人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
CPC分类号： G06T13/80 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A gsprite engine circuit reads a display list identifying gsprite image layers to be composited for display, retrieves gsprite image data from an external memory, and transforms the gsprite data to display device coordinates. The gsprite image layers represent independently rendered graphical objects in a graphics scene. The gsprite engine can simulate the motion of the graphical objects in a sequence of display images by performing affine transformations on the gsprite image layers. The interface to the gsprite engine circuit includes the display list and gsprite header blocks. The display list enumerates the gsprites to be composited as a display image. The header blocks describe a gsprite transform, which can be an affine transform, used to transform gsprites to display device coordinates. The header blocks also provide an array of references to image blocks or "chunks" comprising the gsprite.
摘要翻译： gsprite引擎电路读取识别将要合成显示的gsprite图像层的显示列表，从外部存储器检索gsprite图像数据，并将gsprite数据转换为显示设备坐标。 gsprite图像层表示图形场景中独立渲染的图形对象。 gsprite引擎可以通过在gsprite图像层上执行仿射变换来模拟图像对象在一系列显示图像中的运动。 gsprite引擎电路的接口包括显示列表和gsprite标题块。 显示列表列举要合成为显示图像的gsprites。 标题块描述了一个gsprite变换，它可以是仿射变换，用于将gsprites转换为显示设备坐标。 标题块还提供了包含gsprite的图像块或“块”的引用数组。
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公开(公告)号：US5886701A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US672086
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
发明人： Joseph W. Chauvin , Steven A. Gabriel , Howard Good , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , William Chambers Powell, III , George Easton Scott, III , Michael A. Toelle , John G. Torborg, Jr. , James E. Veres
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A graphics rendering chip serially renders a stream of geometric primitives to image regions called chunks. A set-up processor in the chip parses rendering commands and the stream of geometric primitives and computes edge equation parameters. A scan-convert processor receives the edge equation parameters from the set-up processor and scan converts the geometric primitives to produce pixel records and fragment records. An internal, double-buffered pixel buffer stores pixel records for fully covered pixel addresses and also stores references to fragment lists stored in a fragment buffer. A pixel engine performs hidden surface removal and controls storage of pixel and fragment records to the pixel and fragment buffers, respectively. An anti-aliasing engine resolves pixel data for one pixel buffer while the pixel engine fills the other pixel buffer with pixel data for the next chunk.
摘要翻译： 图形渲染芯片将几何图元流连续地呈现给称为块的图像区域。 芯片中的设置处理器解析渲染命令和几何图元流，并计算边缘方程参数。 扫描转换处理器从设置处理器接收边缘方程参数，并扫描转换几何图元以产生像素记录和片段记录。 内部双缓冲像素缓冲区存储完全覆盖的像素地址的像素记录，并存储对片段缓冲区中存储的片段列表的引用。 像素引擎执行隐藏的表面去除并且分别控制像素和片段记录到像素和片段缓冲器的存储。 抗锯齿引擎解决一个像素缓冲器的像素数据，而像素引擎用另一个像素缓冲区填充下一个块的像素数据。
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3.发明授权Method and system for accessing texture data in environments with high latency in a graphics rendering system 失效用于在图形渲染系统中访问具有高延迟的环境中的纹理数据的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5880737A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-09
申请号：US670553
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , James E. Veres , Joseph W. Chauvin , Michael A. Toelle , Howard Good
发明人： Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , James E. Veres , Joseph W. Chauvin , Michael A. Toelle , Howard Good
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A system for accessing texture data in a graphics rendering system allows texture data to be stored in memories with high latency or in a compressed format. The system utilizes a texture cache to temporarily store blocks of texture data retrieved from an external memory during rendering operations. In one implementation, geometric primitives are stored in a queue long enough to absorb the latency of fetching and possibly decompressing a texture block. The geometric primitives are converted into texture block references, and these references are used to fetch texture blocks from memory. A rasterizer rasterizes each geometric primitives as the necessary texture data becomes available in the texture cache. In another implementation, geometric primitives are converted into pixels, including a pixel address, color data, and a texture request. These pixels are stored in a queue long enough to absorb the latency of a texture block fetch. The texture requests are read from the queue and used to fetch the appropriate texture blocks. As texture data becomes available in the texture cache, the texture data is sampled as necessary and combined with the pixel data read from the queue to compute output pixels.
摘要翻译： 用于在图形渲染系统中访问纹理数据的系统允许纹理数据以高延迟或压缩格式存储在存储器中。 该系统利用纹理缓存临时存储在渲染操作期间从外部存储器检索的纹理数据块。 在一个实现中，几何基元被存储在队列中足够长的时间以吸收提取的延迟并且可能解压缩纹理块。 几何基元被转换为纹理块引用，这些引用用于从内存中获取纹理块。 当纹理缓存中必需的纹理数据变得可用时，光栅化器会栅格化每个几何图元。 在另一个实现中，几何基元被转换成像素，包括像素地址，颜色数据和纹理请求。 这些像素被存储在足够长的队列中以吸收纹理块提取的等待时间。 从队列中读取纹理请求，并用于获取适当的纹理块。 随着纹理数据在纹理高速缓存中变得可用，纹理数据根据需要进行采样，并与从队列读取的像素数据组合以计算输出像素。
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公开(公告)号：US5864342A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-26
申请号：US671497
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： James T. Kajiya , John G. Torborg, Jr. , Michael A. Toelle , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , John M. Snyder , Conal M. Elliott
发明人： James T. Kajiya , John G. Torborg, Jr. , Michael A. Toelle , Kent E. Griffin , Mark L. Kenworthy , John M. Snyder , Conal M. Elliott
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A method for rendering graphical objects in a scene to generate a display images includes dividing the geometric primitives of models in a scene among portions or "chunks" of the view space to which the primitives will be rendered, and then rendering geometry referenced to the chunks in series in a common depth buffer. Geometry for a chunk can be rendered, including sophisticated anti-aliasing and translucency computations, using a minimum of memory. Serially rendering object geometry in chunks provides an effective form of compression because pixel fragments can be generated for one chunk at a time and then resolved. Pixel fragments can be resolved in a post-processing step for one chunk while primitives for another chunk are rasterized.
摘要翻译： 用于在场景中渲染图形对象以生成显示图像的方法包括将场景中的模型的几何基元划分到要渲染图元的视图空间的部分或“块”之间，然后再绘制参考块的几何图形 在一个普通的深度缓冲器中串联。 可以使用最少的内存渲染块的几何，包括复杂的抗锯齿和半透明度计算。 以块为单位呈现对象几何，提供了有效的压缩形式，因为可以一次为一个块生成像素片段，然后解析。 可以在一个块的后处理步骤中解析像素片段，而另一个块的图元被光栅化。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5870097A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-09
申请号：US671660
申请日：1996-06-27
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A system for improved shadowing of images using a multiple pass, depth buffer approach includes rendering a scene from the perspective of a light source to construct a shadow depth map in a rasterization buffer. The system computes depth values for the two nearest geometric primitives to the light source for pixels, and stores these depth values in the rasterization buffer. Once the shadow map is constructed, it is stored in shared memory, where it can be retrieved for subsequent rendering passes. The two depth values for each element in the shadow map can be used in combination with a global bias to eliminate self-shadowing artifacts and avoid artifacts in the terminator region. The system supports linear or higher order filtering of data from the shadow depth map to produce smoother transitions from shadowed and un-shadowed portions of an image.
摘要翻译： 用于使用多遍深度缓冲器方法改善图像的阴影的系统包括从光源的角度渲染场景以在光栅化缓冲器中构造阴影深度图。 系统为像素的光源计算两个最近几何基元的深度值，并将这些深度值存储在光栅化缓冲区中。 一旦影子映射被构造，它被存储在共享存储器中，在那里它可被检索以用于后续渲染过程。 阴影贴图中每个元素的两个深度值可以与全局偏差结合使用，以消除自阴影伪像并避免终止器区域中的伪影。 该系统支持来自阴影深度图的数据的线性或高阶滤波，以从图像的阴影和未遮蔽部分产生更平滑的转换。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06252608B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09178078
申请日：1998-10-22
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T11/40 , G06T13/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/60
摘要： A system for improved shadowing of images using a multiple pass, depth buffer approach includes rendering a scene from the perspective of a light source to construct a shadow depth map in a rasterization buffer. The system computes depth values for the two nearest geometric primitives to the light source for pixels, and stores these depth values in the rasterization buffer. Once the shadow map is constructed, it is stored in shared memory, where it can be retrieved for subsequent rendering passes. The two depth values for each element in the shadow map can be used in combination with a global bias to eliminate self-shadowing artifacts and avoid artifacts in the terminator region. The system supports linear or higher order filtering of data from the shadow depth map to produce smoother transitions from shadowed and un-shadowed portions of an image. In addition, the system supports the re-use of the shadow map and shadowed images for more than one frame.
摘要翻译： 用于使用多遍深度缓冲器方法改善图像的阴影的系统包括从光源的角度渲染场景以在光栅化缓冲器中构造阴影深度图。 系统为像素的光源计算两个最近几何基元的深度值，并将这些深度值存储在光栅化缓冲区中。 一旦构建了影子映射，它就被存储在共享存储器中，在那里它可以被检索以用于后续渲染过程。 阴影贴图中每个元素的两个深度值可以与全局偏差结合使用，以消除自阴影伪像并避免终止器区域中的伪影。 该系统支持来自阴影深度图的数据的线性或高阶滤波，以从图像的阴影和未遮蔽部分产生更平滑的转换。 此外，该系统支持重复使用阴影贴图和阴影图像多于一个帧。
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7.发明申请METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DEFINING AND CONTROLLING ALGORITHMIC ELEMENTS IN A GRAPHICS DISPLAY SYSTEM 有权用于在图形显示系统中定义和控制算法元素的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US20100039430A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12604102
申请日：2009-10-22
申请人： Charles N. Boyd , Michael A. Toelle
发明人： Charles N. Boyd , Michael A. Toelle
IPC分类号： G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/005
摘要： An API is provided that enables programmability of a 3D chip, wherein programming or algorithmic elements written by the developer can be downloaded to the chip, thereby programming the chip to perform those algorithms. A developer writes a routine that is downloadable to a 3D graphics chip. There are also a set of algorithmic elements that are provided in connection with the API that have already been programmed for the developer, that are downloadable to the programmable chip for improved performance. Thus, a developer may download preexisting API objects to a 3D graphics chip. A developer adheres to a specific format for packing up an algorithmic element, or set of instructions, for implementation by a 3D graphics chip. The developer packs the instruction set into an array of numbers, by referring to a list of ‘tokens’ understood by the 3D graphics chip. This array of numbers in turn is mapped correctly to the 3D graphics chip for implementation of the algorithmic element by the 3D graphics chip.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种能够实现3D芯片的可编程性的API，其中由开发者编写的编程或算法元素可以被下载到芯片，从而对芯片进行编程以执行这些算法。 开发人员将可下载的例程写入3D图形芯片。 还提供了一组与已经为开发人员编程的API相关联的算法元素，可以下载到可编程芯片以提高性能。 因此，开发人员可以将预先存在的API对象下载到3D图形芯片。 开发人员坚持使用特定格式来打包一个由3D图形芯片实现的算法元素或指令集。 开发人员通过参考3D图形芯片了解的“令牌”列表将指令集打包成数组。 这个数组依次被正确地映射到3D图形芯片，用于由3D图形芯片实现算法元素。
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公开(公告)号：US20080122856A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-29
申请号：US11938113
申请日：2007-11-09
申请人： CHARLES N. BOYD , Michael A. Toelle
发明人： CHARLES N. BOYD , Michael A. Toelle
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/04
摘要： Systems and methods are provided for controlling texture sampling in connection with computer graphics in a computer system. In various embodiments, improved mechanisms for controlling texture sampling are provided that enable 3-D accelerator hardware to greatly increase the level of realism in rendering, including improved mechanisms for (1) motion blur; (2) generating anisotropic surface reflections (3) generating surface self-shadowing (4) ray-cast volumetric sampling (4) self-shadowed volumetric rendering and (5) self-shadowed volumetric ray-casting. In supplementing existing texture sampling techniques, parameters for texture sampling may be replaced and/or modified.
摘要翻译： 提供系统和方法用于控制与计算机系统中的计算机图形相关的纹理采样。 在各种实施例中，提供了用于控制纹理采样的改进机制，其使3-D加速器硬件能够大大增加渲染中的逼真度，包括（1）运动模糊的改进机制; （2）产生各向异性表面反射（3）产生表面自阴影（4）射线体积采样（4）自阴影体积渲染和（5）自阴影体积射线铸造。 在补充现有的纹理采样技术中，用于纹理采样的参数可以被替换和/或修改。
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公开(公告)号：US07116332B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US10981865
申请日：2004-11-05
申请人： Charles F. Boyd , Michael A. Toelle
发明人： Charles F. Boyd , Michael A. Toelle
CPC分类号： G06T15/00 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/80 , G06T2210/32
摘要： A three-dimensional API for communicating with hardware implementations of vertex shaders and pixel shaders having local registers. With respect to vertex shaders, API communications are provided that may make use of an on-chip register index and API communications are also provided for a specialized function, implemented on-chip at a register level, that outputs the fractional portion(s) of input(s). With respect to pixel shaders, API communications are provided for a specialized function, implemented on-chip at a register level, that performs a linear interpolation function and API communications are provided for specialized modifiers, also implemented on-chip at a register level, that perform modification functions including negating, complementing, remapping, stick biasing, scaling and saturating. Advantageously, these API communications expose these very useful on-chip graphical algorithmic elements to a developer while hiding the details of the operation of the vertex shader and pixel shader chips from the developer.
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10.发明授权Method and system for providing a unified API for both 2D and 3D graphics objects 有权为2D和3D图形对象提供统一的API的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US06831635B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-14
申请号：US09796885
申请日：2001-03-01
IPC分类号： G06F1700
CPC分类号： G06F9/541
摘要： A method for controlling the algorithmic elements in 3D graphics systems via an improved 3D graphics API is provided. In one aspect, the invention unifies separately provided 2D and 3D graphics APIs into a single graphics interface, thereby eliminating redundancy of functionality and unnecessary data types. As a result, a single mapping to various graphics objects replaces redundant mappings. A single texture download that optimizes the use of different graphics hardware is provided. A single instruction for effecting a resolution change is also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种通过改进的3D图形API来控制3D图形系统中的算法元素的方法。 在一个方面，本发明将单独提供的2D和3D图形API统一为单个图形接口，从而消除功能冗余和不必要的数据类型。 因此，对各种图形对象的单一映射将替代冗余映射。 提供了优化不同图形硬件使用的单一纹理下载。 还提供了一个用于进行分辨率改变的指令。
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