摘要:
Monitoring apparatus is provided for the ignition system of an internal combustion engine such as is provided in a motor vehicle, which is capable of detecting a variety of malfunctions of ignition under a variety of engine operating ranges, so that the catalyst used in the exhaust system of the engine can be protected by setting lambda=0 and/or cutting off fuel injection to an inoperative cylinder, in as many instances of malfunction as possible. Various methods of monitoring are available and are correlated for selection in accordance with the different operating ranges of the engine. The ignition spark duration and the ignition discharge voltage are measured for individual sparks on the primary side of an ignition coil and are compared with limit values for correct ignition, these limit values being selected from a memory in accordance with the particular range of operating conditions in which the engine is operating. If the quality of malfunction detection is not good enough for individual ignition deficiencies to be reliably detected, deficiencies that are periodically recurrent or abnormally bunched are detected on a statistical basis.
摘要:
Misfiring in internal combustion engines is detected by detecting the voltage induced in the primary winding of the ignition coil, and comparing it to a reference voltage which represents normal firing. The reference voltage preferably has a predetermined magnitude and a predetermined duration and the detected and reference voltage are compared so as to detect when the magnitude of the detected voltage falls below the predetermined magnitude before the end of the duration.
摘要:
An ignition system for internal combustion engines with sequential spark ignition is provided which serves to ensure that the last individual spark (EZ) of a sequential spark ignition does not lead to damage to the internal combustion engine, for instance damage caused by ignition during the exhaust stroke. A closing time corresponding to a charging process (AL) for an individual ignition is subtracted from a distribution limit (VG) to obtain a calculated limit (11). Once this limit is reached, the current charging process proceeds unimpeded to trigger the individual ignition, but no new charging process will be started.
摘要:
An ignition system for internal combustion engines is provided which has a control device (7) for triggering a sequential spark ignition, which measures the primary current (I.sub.p) of each individual ignition of said sequential spark ignition upon the reconnecting of the flow of current, and which compares it with a reference value. The result of this comparison makes predictions possible concerning the conditions in the combustion chamber, and action, e.g. , increasing the primary disconnection current, can be taken by the control device so that for example any shunts which, are present can be eliminated.
摘要:
In order to protect catalytic converters from damage caused by continued engine operation with a malfunctioning ignition system, a monitoring circuit checks current in the ignition coil primary winding. Primary winding current (i) is transformed by a measuring circuit (11) into a test primary voltage (U.sub.pr) which is fed to an evaluation circuit for comparison with ignition system supply voltage (U.sub.v) from the battery. During each primary current pulse, an instantaneous value is sampled, preferably during the earlier half of the pulse, and when the instantaneous test voltage (U.sub.pr) exceeds the supply voltage (U.sub.v) by more than a predetermined amount, the evaluation circuit (10) generates an error or malfunction indication. The ignition system can then be serviced before the catalytic converter is ruined.
摘要:
An ignition system for internal combustion engines serves as a bracket circuit arrangement (10, 11, 12, 16) to limit the primary voltage, in order to protect parts energized with high voltage from being destroyed. The ignition system comprises a voltage bracketing of the ignition transistor (3), the bracketing voltage being variable in dependence upon a secondary-side load. The primary voltage (U.sub.P) is acquired by an evaluation unit (9) and, given a high secondary load, a high bracketing voltage is used and, given a low secondary load, a low bracketing voltage is used.
摘要:
A high-level built-in oven unit including a bottom opening in the oven unit. A removable trap-door including lifting elements to open and close the bottom opening of the oven unit. The trap door has a baking tray mounting arrangement detachably mounted thereon.
摘要:
A method and a device for controlling a brake system, where a braking intention value, which is used for controlling the brake system, is determined from at least one brake pedal actuation parameter. When the braking intention value is determined from the actuation parameter, its direction of change is taken into account.
摘要:
A control device (42) for use in a motor vehicle includes at least one input that has an input port (12), at least one input channel (20, 38), and an input circuitry (43) and receives signals from a sensor (10, 34) via the input port (12) and sends the signals via the input circuitry (43) to the input channel (20, 38). The input port (12) is connected to a defined voltage via a resistor. The input circuitry (43) has a pull-up switch (44) that can be actuated by the control device (42), which controls connection of the input port (12) to a high voltage, and a pull-down switch (46) that can be actuated by the control device (42), which controls connection of the input port (12) to a low voltage. A method adapts the control device (42) to the sensor (10, 34), which is connected to the control device (42).
摘要:
A control device (42) for use in a motor vehicle includes at least one input that has an input port (12), at least one input channel (20, 38), and an input circuitry (43) and receives signals from a sensor (10, 34) via the input port (12) and sends the signals via the input circuitry (43) to the input channel (20, 38). The input port (12) is connected to a defined voltage via a resistor. The input circuitry (43) has a pull-up switch (44) that can be actuated by the control device (42), which controls connection of the input port (12) to a high voltage, and a pull-down switch (46) that can be actuated by the control device (42), which controls connection of the input port (12) to a low voltage. A method adapts the control device (42) to the sensor (10, 34), which is connected to the control device (42).