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    Unipolar, intraband optoelectronic transducers with micro-cavity resonators
    2.
    发明申请
    Unipolar, intraband optoelectronic transducers with micro-cavity resonators 有权
    具有微腔谐振器的单极，内部光电转换器

    公开(公告)号：US20050063438A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-03-24

    申请号：US10651466

    申请日：2003-08-30

    申请人： Federico Capasso ,  Alfred Cho ,  Raffaele Colombelli ,  Claire Gmachl ,  Oskar Painter ,  Arthur Sergent ,  Deborah Sivco ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Donald Tennant ,  Mariano Troccoli

    发明人： Federico Capasso ,  Alfred Cho ,  Raffaele Colombelli ,  Claire Gmachl ,  Oskar Painter ,  Arthur Sergent ,  Deborah Sivco ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Donald Tennant ,  Mariano Troccoli

    IPC分类号： H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/10 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/32 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/40 ,  H01S5/42

    CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/1042 ,  H01S5/105 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/3213 ,  H01S5/3422 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/42 ,  H01S2302/02

    摘要： An optoelectronic transducer comprises a unipolar, intraband active region and a micro-cavity resonator. The resonator includes a 2D array of essentially equally spaced regions that exhibits resonant modes. Each of the spaced regions has a depth that extends through the active region and has an average refractive index that is different from that of the active region. The refractive index contrast, the spacing of the spaced regions, and the dimensions of the spaced regions are mutually adapted so that the array acts as a micro-cavity resonator and so that at least one frequency of the resonant modes of the array falls within the spectrum of an optoelectronic parameter of the active region (i.e., the gain spectrum where the transducer is a laser; the absorption spectrum where the transducer is a photodetector). In a first embodiment, the transducer is an ISB laser, whereas in a second embodiment it is a unipolar, intraband photodetector. In other embodiments, the laser is a surface-emitting ISB laser and the photodetector is a vertically-illuminated detector. In another embodiment, a nonlinear optical material is optically coupled to the micro-cavity resonator, which in one case allows an ISB laser to exhibit bistable operation.

    摘要翻译： 光电转换器包括单极性，内部有源区和微腔谐振器。 谐振器包括呈现谐振模式的基本上等间隔的区域的2D阵列。 每个间隔区域具有延伸穿过有源区域并具有不同于有源区域的平均折射率的深度。 折射率对比度，间隔区域的间隔和间隔区域的尺寸相互适应，使得阵列充当微腔谐振器，并且使得阵列的谐振模式的至少一个频率落入 有源区的光电参数的光谱（即，换能器是激光的增益光谱;换能器是光电检测器的吸收光谱）。 在第一实施例中，换能器是ISB激光器，而在第二实施例中，它是单极的，内部的光检测器。 在其他实施例中，激光是表面发射ISB激光器，并且光电检测器是垂直照明的检测器。 在另一个实施例中，非线性光学材料光耦合到微腔谐振器，在一种情况下允许ISB激光器呈现双稳态操作。

    Unipolar, intraband optoelectronic transducers with micro-cavity resonators
    4.
    发明授权
    Unipolar, intraband optoelectronic transducers with micro-cavity resonators 有权
    具有微腔谐振器的单极，内部光电转换器

    公开(公告)号：US07092421B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-08-15

    申请号：US10651466

    申请日：2003-08-30

    申请人： Federico Capasso ,  Alfred Yi Cho ,  Raffaele Colombelli ,  Claire F. Gmachl ,  Oskar Jon Painter ,  Arthur Mike Sergent ,  Deborah Lee Sivco ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Donald Milan Tennant ,  Mariano Troccoli

    发明人： Federico Capasso ,  Alfred Yi Cho ,  Raffaele Colombelli ,  Claire F. Gmachl ,  Oskar Jon Painter ,  Arthur Mike Sergent ,  Deborah Lee Sivco ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Donald Milan Tennant ,  Mariano Troccoli

    IPC分类号： H01S3/19

    CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/1042 ,  H01S5/105 ,  H01S5/187 ,  H01S5/3213 ,  H01S5/3422 ,  H01S5/4087 ,  H01S5/42 ,  H01S2302/02

    摘要： An optoelectronic transducer comprises a unipolar, intraband active region and a micro-cavity resonator. The resonator includes a 2D array of essentially equally spaced regions that exhibits resonant modes. Each of the spaced regions has a depth that extends through the active region and has an average refractive index that is different from that of the active region. The refractive index contrast, the spacing of the spaced regions, and the dimensions of the spaced regions are mutually adapted so that the array acts as a micro-cavity resonator and so that at least one frequency of the resonant modes of the array falls within the spectrum of an optoelectronic parameter of the active region (i.e., the gain spectrum where the transducer is a laser; the absorption spectrum where the transducer is a photodetector). In a first embodiment, the transducer is an ISB laser, whereas in a second embodiment it is a unipolar, intraband photodetector. In other embodiments, the laser is a surface-emitting ISB laser and the photodetector is a vertically-illuminated detector. In another embodiment, a nonlinear optical material is optically coupled to the micro-cavity resonator, which in one case allows an ISB laser to exhibit bistable operation.

    摘要翻译： 光电转换器包括单极性，内部有源区和微腔谐振器。 谐振器包括呈现谐振模式的基本上等间隔的区域的2D阵列。 每个间隔区域具有延伸穿过有源区域并具有不同于有源区域的平均折射率的深度。 折射率对比度，间隔区域的间隔和间隔区域的尺寸相互适应，使得阵列充当微腔谐振器，并且使得阵列的谐振模式的至少一个频率落入 有源区的光电参数的光谱（即，换能器是激光的增益光谱;换能器是光电检测器的吸收光谱）。 在第一实施例中，换能器是ISB激光器，而在第二实施例中，它是单极的，内部的光检测器。 在其他实施例中，激光是表面发射ISB激光器，并且光电检测器是垂直照明的检测器。 在另一个实施例中，非线性光学材料光耦合到微腔谐振器，在一种情况下允许ISB激光器呈现双稳态操作。

    METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING AN AUDIT TRAIL
    5.
    发明申请
    METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING AN AUDIT TRAIL 审中-公开
    创建审计货币的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20100185693A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

    申请号：US12356487

    申请日：2009-01-20

    申请人： Venkataesh V. Murty ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Jatin Malik

    发明人： Venkataesh V. Murty ,  Kartik Srinivasan ,  Jatin Malik

    IPC分类号： G06F17/30

    CPC分类号： G06Q10/06 ,  G06F16/40

    摘要： Extensible data management system and methods for enabling participants (providers and customers) in a software-as-a-service (SaaS) environment to define audit configurations for generating an audit trail tailored to a customers' business needs. A participant in the SaaS environment may define an extension to the data management system, wherein the extension is associated with a node representing the participant in a hierarchical data structure. The position of the participants in the hierarchical data structure ensures audit configurations created by one customer do not affect the functionality of other customers in the SaaS environment.

    摘要翻译： 可扩展数据管理系统和方法，使软件即服务（SaaS）环境中的参与者（提供商和客户）能够定义审计配置，以生成针对客户业务需求量身定制的审计跟踪。 SaaS环境中的参与者可以定义对数据管理系统的扩展，其中扩展与表示分层数据结构中的参与者的节点相关联。 分层数据结构中的参与者的位置确保一个客户创建的审核配置不会影响SaaS环境中其他客户的功能。