摘要:
In the photoreceptor described in the specification, an electroconductive base has an amorphous silicon type photoconductive layer coated over a blocking layer on the base and an amorphous carbon-containing surface layer, coated over a buffer layer on the photoconductive layer, has a hardness on the free surface side which is higher than the hardness on the buffer surface side. Apparatus for preparing the photoreceptor includes a CVD vacuum chamber and an arrangement for supplying selected layer-forming gases to the chamber in a controlled manner.
摘要:
A transmission apparatus for multiplexing optical signals has a multi-rate signal processing unit that has a plurality of signal processing circuits in advance according to various signal speeds and frame formats and selects a necessary signal processing circuit as necessary. In addition, the transmission apparatus acquires a type code, used to identify the type of the signal of a removable optical module, from the optical module and, from the acquired information, automatically determines the operation mode of the multi-rate signal processing unit, bandwidth allocations according to the signal speeds, and monitoring item contents for different frame formats to eliminate the need for maintenance engineer's work that is otherwise required when a low-speed signal is added.
摘要:
A transfer device according to an embodiment transfers blocks generated by dividing a frame into pieces of data and adding a synchronization header each of the pieces of data. The blocks comprise a first, second and third blocks in this order. The transfer device is configured to acquire a first synchronization header in the first block, a second synchronization header in the second block and a third synchronization header in the third block, judge, in a case where a value of the second synchronization header is incorrect, as to whether or not the value of the second synchronization header can be estimated based on the first and the third synchronization headers so that the second block is consistent with the first and third blocks, and correct the second synchronization header into the estimated value.
摘要:
A network system having duplicate lines of a primary system and a backup system between a transmitter apparatus and a receiver apparatus is provided. Each of the transmitter apparatus and the receiver apparatus includes an arithmetic operator for conducting a BIP-8 arithmetic operation and a CRC arithmetic operation on an input signal and thereby detecting a bit error. The transmitter apparatus transmits data to both lines. The receiver apparatus includes a switcher. When a bit error is detected in received data of the primary system. the switcher switches control of the primary system and the backup system. Hitless protection switching of a VC path is executed.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises in sequence:(a) a conductive base layer; and(b) at least one photosensitive layer applied to the conductive base layer, the photosensitive layer comprising at least one photoconductive organic material and 0.01-3 weight percent of a titanate coupling agent.The photoreceptor is advantageous in that it exhibits good electrophotographic properties and surface characteristics, and is cost effective in terms of manufacturing.
摘要:
The present invention provides a network at a low cost with a reduced number of components and simple management among networks anticipated to become more and more complicated, the network being capable of quick pass change upon service addition/change and failure occurrence. Namely, the present invention realizes a network configuration unnecessary for replacement of interface panels upon pass change, by using a multi-rate compatible interface panel capable of freely changing a signal type to be processed, under control of an upper level operation.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoconductor and method for producing same, the electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive film laminated on said electroconductive substrate, wherein the electroconductive substrate comprises an aluminum substrate which has an anodic oxidation film on at least one surface thereof and which has been treated with a sealing agent mixture including an additive selected from the group consisting of a phosphate ester surfactant, a naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, and a bisphenol A sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and a sealing agent.
摘要:
A laminate type organic electrophotographic photoconductor uses a thick undercoating layer as an intermediate layer for reducing the influence of a conductive substrate on a charge generation layer. An organosilicon coupling agent is bonded to the surfaces of small particles of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide, at an Existence Ratio represented by the peak intensity ratio (Si2p/Me2p, Me=Ti, Zr or Al) or (Si2p/Ce3d) of from 0.15 to 0.6 of a bonding energy spectrum measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The metal oxide small particles, the surfaces of which have been treated mechanochemically, are cleaned to reduce the ionic impurity concentration of the undercoating layer to below 1 ppm. The cleaned metal oxide small particles are dispersed into the polyamide copolymer binder resin for the undercoating layer. The undercoating layer produced in this manner results in a electrophotographic photoconductor whose electrical properties are constant despite environmental changes and repeated use. The electrophotographic photoconductor also resists residual potential rise after repeated use, and also resists image defect formation despite changes in environmental conditions and operating conditions.
摘要翻译:层压型有机电子照相感光体使用厚底涂层作为中间层,用于减小导电性基板对电荷产生层的影响。 将有机硅偶联剂以氧化钛,氧化锆,氧化铝或氧化铈的小颗粒的表面以峰强度比(Si 2 p / Me 2 p,Me = Ti,Zr或Al)或( Si2p / Ce3d),通过X射线光电子能谱测定的键合能谱的0.15〜0.6。 对其表面经机械化学处理的金属氧化物小颗粒进行清洁,以将底涂层的离子杂质浓度降至1ppm以下。 经清洗的金属氧化物小颗粒分散在用于底涂层的聚酰胺共聚物粘合剂树脂中。 以这种方式制造的底涂层产生电子照相感光体,尽管环境变化并重复使用它们的电性能是恒定的。 电子照相感光体在反复使用后也抵抗残余电位上升,并且尽管环境条件和操作条件发生变化,但也抵抗了图像缺陷的形成。
摘要:
A circuit capable of processing signals of different signal types is provided for identifying the signal type by the signal type setting from an administrator or by the implementation of the optical module, thereby selecting a signal processor to be used. An OTN frame standardized by ITU is used in a fixed manner independent of the signal type to be accommodated, while a corresponding SDH/SONET frame standardized by ITU is used for signal accommodation.
摘要:
A transfer device according to an embodiment transfers blocks generated by dividing a frame into pieces of data and adding a synchronization header each of the pieces of data. The blocks comprise a first, second and third blocks in this order. The transfer device is configured to acquire a first synchronization header in the first block, a second synchronization header in the second block and a third synchronization header in the third block, judge, in a case where a value of the second synchronization header is incorrect, as to whether or not the value of the second synchronization header can be estimated based on the first and the third synchronization headers so that the second block is consistent with the first and third blocks, and correct the second synchronization header into the estimated value.