摘要:
Provided are methods of operating NAND nonvolatile memory devices. The operating methods include applying a read voltage or a verify voltage to a selected memory cell from among a plurality of memory cells of a cell string to verify or read a programmed state of the selected memory cell; applying a first pass voltage to non-selected memory cells closest to the selected memory cell of the cell string; applying a second pass voltage to second closest non-selected memory cells to the selected memory cell; and applying a third pass voltage to other non-selected memory cells, where the first pass voltage is less than each of the second and third pass voltages and the second pass voltage is greater than the third pass voltage.
摘要:
Provided are a memory device, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of operating the same. The memory device may include a channel region having an upper end where both sides of the upper end are curved, the curved portions of both sides allowing charges to be injected thereinto in a program or erase voltage such that the curved portions into which the charges are injected are separate from a portion which determines a threshold voltage, and a gate structure on the channel region.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes forming an embossed reflective electrode. In the method, the embossed reflective electrode is embossed via a dry-etching method with a mixture of SF6+O2 or CF4+O2 gases, or with oxygen gas, such that a plurality of small concave and convex portions are formed on the reflective electrode. Since the concave and convex portions of the reflective electrode diffuse light, high luminance and wide viewing angle can be achieved.
摘要:
The present invention provides a transflective LCD device that has a common contrast ratio in both the transmissive mode and the reflective mode. It also discloses a transflective LCD device that has an equal luminance in both the transmissive mode and the reflective mode. The transflective LCD device includes first and second substrates; a transparent conductive electrode on the first substrate; a lower passivation layer on the transparent conductive electrode; a reflective electrode formed on the lower passivation layer, the reflective electrode including a transmitting hole; a first QWP (quarter wave plate) under the first substrate; a lower polarizer formed under the first QWP; a second QWP on the second substrate; an upper polarizer formed on the second QWVP; an upper passivation layer under the second substrate; a transparent common electrode under the upper passivation layer; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates; and a backlight device arranged below the second substrate.