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公开(公告)号：US5019791A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-28
申请号：US563246
申请日：1990-08-06
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
CPC分类号： H03B9/14 , H03B2200/0088 , H03B2200/0092 , H03B2201/02 , H03B2201/0208 , H03B9/141
摘要： Flicker (1/f) noise is suppressed in an oscillator by reducing oscillator voltage-frequency pushing to zero. A varactor (56) is incorporated in the resonator circuit and is biased with a tuning voltage setting the varactor to a capacitance value providing the zero oscillator pushing at a given frequency. A common bias connection (62) is provided between the varactor and the active element (64) such that a random perturbation voltage change across the active element also causes a change in voltage across the varactor, to compensate a change in oscillator frequency otherwise caused thereby. The varactor capacitance versus voltage characteristic is shaped such that a change in active element voltage provides a change in varactor voltage, and the combination of these voltage changes results in a zero change in oscillator frequency. The tuning slope of the oscillator provided by the varactor is opposite the tuning slope of the oscillator resulting from a change in active element voltage.
摘要翻译： 通过将振荡器电压频率降至零，可以抑制振荡器中的闪烁（1 / f）噪声。 变容二极管（56）被并入谐振器电路中，并且将设定变容二极管的调谐电压偏置为提供以给定频率推压的零振荡器的电容值。 在变容二极管和有源元件（64）之间提供公共偏置连接（62），使得有源元件上的随机扰动电压变化也导致变容二极管两端的电压变化，以补偿由此引起的振荡器频率的变化 。 可变容量电容对电压特性的形状使得有源元件电压的变化提供变容二极管电压的变化，并且这些电压变化的组合导致振荡器频率的零变化。 由变容二极管提供的振荡器的调谐斜率与由有源元件电压变化引起的振荡器的调谐斜率相反。
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公开(公告)号：US5394117A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US69556
申请日：1993-05-28
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
CPC分类号： H03L7/24
摘要： A direct digitally synthesizer-based, injection locked oscillator includes a direct digital synthesizer for generating a digitally synthesized signal at frequency f.sub.0, an analog oscillator circuit for generating an analog signal at frequency f.sub.1 and a filter coupled to the direct digital synthesizer for filtering the digitally synthesized signal to provide a signal at frequency Nf.sub.0. N may be an integer from 1 to 10. Also included is a coupler to couple the filtered, digitally synthesized signal into the analog oscillator to lock the frequency of the analog output signal to the frequency of the digitally synthesized signal such that the frequency f.sub.1 is equal to the frequency Nf.sub.0. The coupler also electrically couples the analog signal from the analog oscillator circuit to a second filter to filter the analog signal. An amplifier electrically coupled to the second filter amplifies the filtered signal to provide an analog oscillator output signal. The direct digital synthesizer may be used to high-order, sub-harmonically injection lock the analog oscillator circuit thereby providing an output signal reflecting a frequency up-conversion in order to broaden the frequency range of the synthesized analog output signal beyond that of the direct digital synthesizer.
摘要翻译： 基于直接数字合成器的注入锁定振荡器包括用于产生频率为f0的数字合成信号的直接数字合成器，用于产生频率为f1的模拟信号的模拟振荡器电路和耦合到直接数字合成器的滤波器，用于对数字滤波 合成信号以提供频率为Nf0的信号。 N可以是从1到10的整数。还包括耦合器，用于将经滤波的数字合成信号耦合到模拟振荡器中，以将模拟输出信号的频率锁定到数字合成信号的频率，使得频率f1 等于频率Nf0。 耦合器还将来自模拟振荡器电路的模拟信号电耦合到第二滤波器以对模拟信号进行滤波。 电耦合到第二滤波器的放大器放大经滤波的信号以提供模拟振荡器输出信号。 直接数字合成器可用于高次谐波注入锁定模拟振荡器电路，从而提供反映上变频的输出信号，以便将合成的模拟输出信号的频率范围扩大到直接数字合成器的频率范围 数字合成器。
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公开(公告)号：US4951006A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-21
申请号：US243433
申请日：1988-09-12
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
CPC分类号： H03B9/141 , H01Q1/247 , H03B2202/086 , H03B5/1823 , H03B7/14
摘要： An oscillator (10) operational in the millimeter wave range including frequencies greater than 30 GHz includes a lumped element active circuit (12) including an active element (14) with a negative resistance, a lumped element resonator circuit (16) in parallel therewith, and an antenna (18) extending directly from the oscillator without an intermediate impedance matching section therebetween and without an isolation element therebetween. The antenna has a length of nominally a quarter wavelength at the desired fundamental frequency, and has zero connection length from the oscillator. The antenna serves a dual function of radiating the energy generated by the oscillator and also transforming the output impedance of the oscillator to the impedance of transmission media providing a load, such as free space or a wave guide. The antenna is spaced rearwardly of a front housing wall having a resonant iris output port designed to be parallel resonant at the fundamental frequency, such that the iris functions to transmit energy generated by the oscillator at the fundamental frequency, and to appear as a low impedance shunt at the second harmonic to suppress the transmission of energy generated at the second harmonic. The antenna is spaced forwardly of a back housing wall by a distance of nominally a quarter wavelength at the second harmonic, such that the back wall provides a short circuit. The invention includes application not only in existing fixed oscillator and VCO technology, but also in spatial power combining technology.
摘要翻译： 在包括大于30GHz的频率的毫米波范围内工作的振荡器（10）包括：集成元件有源电路（12），包括具有负电阻的有源元件（14），与其并联的集总元件谐振器电路（16） 以及直接从振荡器延伸而不在其间具有中间阻抗匹配部分而在其间没有隔离元件的天线（18）。 天线的长度在理想的基频处具有额定的四分之一波长，并且与振荡器具有零连接长度。 该天线具有辐射由振荡器产生的能量的双重功能，并且还将振荡器的输出阻抗转换为提供诸如自由空间或波导之类的负载的传输介质的阻抗。 天线与具有谐振光圈输出端口的前壳体后壁隔开，该谐振光圈输出端口被设计为在基频处并联谐振，使得虹膜用于传输由基频产生的振荡器的能量，并显示为低阻抗 分二次谐波抑制二次谐波产生的能量传输。 天线在后壳体的前面隔开了二分之一波长的四分之一波长的距离，使得后壁提供短路。 本发明不仅在现有的固定振荡器和VCO技术中，而且在空间功率组合技术中也有应用。
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公开(公告)号：US4728907A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-01
申请号：US938045
申请日：1986-12-04
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
摘要： Frequency/temperature compensation of millimeter wave lumped active element oscillators is disclosed by use of a simple capacitive compensating element, and including printed circuit versions in which the temperature compensating capacitor is printed in-situ with the circuit elements.
摘要翻译： 通过使用简单的电容补偿元件公开了毫米波集中有源元件振荡器的频率/温度补偿，并且包括温度补偿电容器与电路元件原位印刷的印刷电路版本。
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公开(公告)号：US4025881A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-24
申请号：US675536
申请日：1976-04-09
摘要： Microwave devices for power conversion between harmonically related frequencies, using an oversized cavity and antenna means to provide the required coupling to a varactor therein.
摘要翻译： 用于在谐波相关频率之间进行功率转换的微波装置，使用超大腔体和天线装置来提供所需的耦合到其中的变容二极管。
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6.发明授权Electromagnetic wave, reflective type, low cost, active proximity sensor for harsh environments 失效电磁波，反射型，低成本，有源接近传感器适用于恶劣环境
公开(公告)号：US5905380A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-18
申请号：US633191
申请日：1996-04-26
摘要： An electromagnetic, reflective type, active proximity sensor includes a transmitter, the transmitter including a voltage controlled oscillator circuit, a transmitter circular waveguide and a transmitter polarization circuit. The voltage controlled oscillator circuit generates an output signal which is modulated such that the frequency of the output signal varies over time between a range of frequencies. The frequency varying, output signal is provided to the transmitter circular waveguide and propagated to the transmitter polarization circuit where it is circularly polarized in a first circular direction. The circularly polarized, frequency varying, output signal is radiated by the transmitter to the target, where it strikes the target and reflects back toward the sensor to form return signals. The return signals, upon being reflected, rotate in a second circular direction opposite to the first circular direction. The return signals also respectively exhibit one of the frequencies corresponding to the range of frequencies associated with the circularly polarized, frequency varying, output signal. The active proximity sensor also includes a receiver, the receiver including a receiver circular waveguide, a receiver polarization circuit and a detector. The receiver circular waveguide receives the return signals reflected from the target and the receiver polarization circuit circularly de-polarizes the return signals. Next, the detector receives and averages the return signals and generates an output signal which corresponds to the return signals. The active proximity sensor also includes an analog processor/driver circuit for processing the output signal provided by the detector.
摘要翻译： 电磁反射型有源接近传感器包括发射器，发射器包括压控振荡器电路，发射器圆形波导和发射极偏振电路。 压控振荡器电路产生被调制的输出信号，使得输出信号的频率随着频率范围内的时间而变化。 频率变化的输出信号被提供给发射器圆形波导并传播到发射极化电路，其中它在第一圆周方向上被圆偏振。 圆偏振变频输出信号被发射机辐射到目标，在那里它撞击目标并反射回传感器以形成返回信号。 反射信号在与第一圆周方向相反的第二圆周方向上旋转。 返回信号还分别表现出对应于与圆偏振，变频输出信号相关联的频率范围的频率之一。 有源接近传感器还包括接收器，接收器包括接收器圆形波导，接收器极化电路和检测器。 接收器圆形波导接收从目标反射的返回信号，并且接收器偏振电路对返回信号进行循环去极化。 接下来，检测器接收并平均返回信号并产生对应于返回信号的输出信号。 主动接近传感器还包括用于处理由检测器提供的输出信号的模拟处理器/驱动器电路。
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公开(公告)号：US5140285A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-18
申请号：US749254
申请日：1991-08-26
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
CPC分类号： H03B5/1852 , H01P1/20309 , H03B5/1864 , H03B2200/0022 , H03B2200/0086
摘要： A Q enhanced dielectric resonator circuit includes a metal enclosure having interior walls defining a chamber. Secured to at least two interior walls is a dielectric substrate. Flatly mounted to at least one side of the dielectric substrate is a substrate stripline. A dielectric resonator is secured to the dielectric substrate at a selected distance from the substrate stripline. The dielectric substrate is positioned a sufficient distance from a ground plane such that the magnetic field lines of the dielectric resonator do not significantly interact with the ground plane. The dielectric resonator is also positioned such that there is substantial coupling of the magnetic field lines of the dielectric resonator with the magnetic field lines of the substrate stripline.
摘要翻译： Q增强介质谐振器电路包括具有限定腔室的内壁的金属外壳。 固定在至少两个内壁上的是电介质基片。 平坦地安装在电介质基片的至少一侧是基片带状线。 介质谐振器以与衬底带状线选择的距离固定到电介质衬底。 电介质基片位于与接地平面相距足够的距离处，使得介质谐振器的磁场线不与接地平面显着相互作用。 介质谐振器也被定位成使得介质谐振器的磁场线与衬底带状线的磁场线具有实质的耦合。
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公开(公告)号：US5059927A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US534735
申请日：1990-06-07
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen
CPC分类号： H03B9/141 , H03B2009/126 , H03B2201/0208
摘要： An oscillator operational in the millimeter wave and microwave range, including frequencies greater than 60 GHz, is provided with reduced phase noise by enhancing Q of the resonant circuitry by reactively terminating fundamental frequency oscillation and increasing stored fundamental frequency energy in the resonant circuitry. A two frequency system is provided with constructive reflection of energy at fundamental frequency back to the resonant circuitry, and with isolation of fundamental frequency energy from the output load. Energy to the output load is obtained from the in-situ generated second harmonic of the active element. Phase noise is reduced by enhancing Q by more than an order of magnitude.
摘要翻译： 通过在谐振电路中反应性地终止基频振荡和增加存储的基频频率能量，通过增强谐振电路的Q，提供了在毫米波和微波范围内运行的振荡器，包括大于60GHz的频率。 双频系统具有基本频率的能量的建设性反射回到谐振电路，并且与基极频率能量与输出负载隔离。 从有源元件的原位产生的二次谐波获得输出负载的能量。 通过将Q提高超过一个数量级来减少相位噪声。
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9.发明授权Electromagnetic wave reflective type, low cost, active proximity sensor for harsh environments 失效电磁波反射型，低成本，有源接近传感器适用于恶劣环境
公开(公告)号：US5600253A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-04
申请号：US436705
申请日：1995-05-08
摘要： A low power, low cost, millimeter wave (MMW) proximity sensor that provides over a 6:1 increase in minimum detection range (55 mm minimum) compared to standard 18 mm inductive proximity sensors preferably includes a low cost MMW Gunn oscillator, MMW detector and analog processing/driver circuitry. The sensor is preferably designed for 3-wire operation and will fit in a standard 18 mm tube.
摘要翻译： 与标准18mm电感式接近传感器相比，低功率，低成本，毫米波（MMW）接近传感器提供最小检测范围（最小55 mm）超过6：1的增加优选包括低成本MMW耿恩振荡器，MMW检测器 和模拟处理/驱动电路。 该传感器最好设计用于3线操作，并适合标准的18毫米管。
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公开(公告)号：US4973921A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US399774
申请日：1989-08-28
申请人： Leonard D. Cohen , Eugene W. Sard
发明人： Leonard D. Cohen , Eugene W. Sard
CPC分类号： H03B9/141 , H03B2009/126
摘要： A varactor tuned oscillator (10), VCO, operational in the millimeter wave range including frequencies greater than 30 GHz, includes a lumped element active circuit (12) with a negative resistance, a lumped element tuning circuit (16) coupled to the active circuit and providing resonant circuitry in combination therewith, and a VCO output (26) reactively terminated at the fundamental frequency of oscillation and generating a higher order output harmonic at least as high as the second order. The reactive termination at fundamental frequency eliminates the intrinsic diminishing effect on tuning range of resistive loading, to extend tuning range and provide an ultrabroadband VCO. The VCO output (26) is resistively loaded at the higher order harmonic. The output is obtained from the higher order harmonic generated in-situ in the active element (14). Measured performance included continuous tuning from 46 to 66 GHz, a 20 GHz tuning range, with a maximum power output of +6 dBm.
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