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公开(公告)号：US4575948A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US467392
申请日：1983-02-17
CPC分类号： B01J8/1836 , F23L15/04 , F28C3/12 , F28D19/02 , B01J2208/00053 , B01J2208/0007 , B01J2208/00088 , B01J2208/00371 , Y02E20/348
摘要： Gas-solids transport and heat exchange techniques are disclosed wherein solid particulate material is circulated in a "figure 8" or a circular flow path for selective contact and/or direct heat exchange with gaseous media. The particulate material is introduced into streams of gaseous media at spaced locations in the flow path and subsequently separated from the gaseous streams following contact and/or heat exchange therewith. The gaseous streams are maintained separate from one another by loose packed bed columns of particulate material formed in the flow path and used to introduce the particulate material into the gaseous streams. The flow rate of the particulate material is regulated by the controlled biasing of particulate material from each of the columns thereof directly into the gaseous streams, and the particulate material is circulated solely through the use of the gaseous media and the force of gravity. The particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with each of the gaseous streams in figure 8 flow path systems and, in circular flow path systems, the particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with one of the gaseous streams and in countercurrent relationship with the other of the gaseous streams. In heat exchange applications, heat transfer between the streams of gaseous media is provided as a function of the flow rate of the particulate material and the relative flow rates of the streams of gaseous media.
摘要翻译： 公开了气固体输送和热交换技术，其中固体颗粒材料在“图8”或圆形流动路径中循环，用于与气体介质的选择性接触和/或直接热交换。 颗粒材料在流动路径中的间隔位置处被引入气态介质流中，随后在与其接触和/或热交换之后与气流分离。 通过在流动路径中形成的颗粒材料的松散填充床柱将气流彼此分离，并将颗粒材料引入气流中。 颗粒材料的流速通过将颗粒材料从其每个柱的受控偏压直接进入气流来调节，并且颗粒材料仅通过使用气体介质和重力循环。 颗粒材料与图8流路系统中的每种气流以并流关系循环，并且在圆形流动路径系统中，颗粒材料与气流中的一种以并流关系循环并与另一种气流形成逆流关系 气流。 在热交换应用中，提供气体介质流之间的热传递作为颗粒材料的流速和气体介质流的相对流速的函数。
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公开(公告)号：US4374540A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-22
申请号：US076289
申请日：1979-09-07
CPC分类号： F23L15/04 , B01J8/1836 , F28C3/12 , F28D19/02 , B01J2208/00053 , B01J2208/0007 , B01J2208/00088 , B01J2208/00371 , B01J2208/00513 , Y02E20/348
摘要： Gas-solids transport and heat exchange techniques are disclosed wherein solid particulate material is circulated in a "figure 8" or a circular flow path for selective contact and/or direct heat exchange with gaseous media. The particulate material is introduced into streams of gaseous media at spaced locations in the flow path and subsequently separated from the gaseous streams following contact and/or heat exchange therewith. The gaseous streams are maintained separate from one another by loose packed bed columns of particulate material formed in the flow path and used to introduce the particulate material into the gaseous streams. The flow rate of the particulate material is regulated by the controlled biasing of particulate material from each of the columns thereof directly into the gaseous streams, and the particulate material is circulated solely through the use of the gaseous media and the force of gravity. The particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with each of the gaseous streams in figure 8 flow path systems and, in circular flow path systems, the particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with one of the gaseous streams and in countercurrent relationship with the other of the gaseous streams. In heat exchange applications, heat transfer between the streams of gaseous media is provided as a function of the flow rate of the particulate material and the relative flow rates of the streams of gaseous media.
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公开(公告)号：US4362181A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-07
申请号：US129655
申请日：1980-03-12
CPC分类号： B01J3/002 , Y10S277/917 , Y10T137/1737
摘要： A pressure relief apparatus for a high pressure slurry processing system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a pressure container, an escape member in the container inlet and a flow restrictor in the container outlet.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于高压浆料处理系统的压力释放装置。 该装置包括压力容器，容器入口中的排出构件和容器出口中的限流器。
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公开(公告)号：US4377392A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-22
申请号：US295755
申请日：1981-08-24
CPC分类号： B03B9/005 , B03B1/00 , C10G1/00 , C10L1/326 , Y10S44/904
摘要： A shattered hydrocarbonaceous product comprising a mixture of discrete comminuted hydrocarbonaceous particles having a volumetric mean particle size equivalent to less than about 5 microns in diameter separate from or in admixture with discrete inorganic and mineral particles having a mean particle size substantially the same as in the unshattered original solid is disclosed. The shattered product is produced by the explosive comminution of a slurry of fluid permeable hydrocarbonaceous solid which was heated and pressurized to supercritical conditions and then permitted to suddenly expand. The product hydrocarbonaceous fraction is substantially scissioned from the mineral fraction and has a lower density, greater solvent solubility and different reactivity to oxygen than does the feed solid. This hydrocarbonaceous fraction also includes a subfraction of particles having a particle size, by volume distribution, of less than about 2 microns in diameter which contain substantially no sulfur compounds. In addition, the product hydrocarbonaceous fraction has a solubility in methanol at least about twice that of a product produced by explosive comminution at sub-critical conditions.
摘要翻译： 一种破碎的含烃产品，其包含离散粉碎的烃类颗粒的混合物，其具有等同于小于约5微米直径的体积平均粒度，其分离或与其中的平均粒度基本上与未破碎的平均粒度相同的离散无机和矿物颗粒混合 原始实体被公开。 破碎的产品是通过将流体可渗透的含烃固体的浆料的爆炸性粉碎产生的，其被加热并加压至超临界条件，然后允许突然膨胀。 产物烃类馏分基本上从矿物馏分中分离，并且具有比进料固体更低的密度，更大的溶剂溶解性和与氧的反应性。 该烃类馏分还包括具有基本上不含硫化合物的直径小于约2微米的体积分布的颗粒尺寸的颗粒的次级分。 此外，产物烃类馏分在甲醇中的溶解度至少是在亚临界条件下通过爆炸性粉碎产生的产物的约两倍。
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公开(公告)号：US4373864A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-15
申请号：US127738
申请日：1980-03-06
申请人： Lester G. Massey , Robert I. Brabets , William A. Abel , James K. Anderson , Thomas J. Labus , Davis A. George
发明人： Lester G. Massey , Robert I. Brabets , William A. Abel , James K. Anderson , Thomas J. Labus , Davis A. George
CPC分类号： F04B49/08
摘要： A constant pressure system for pumping a coal slurry includes a slurry pump mechanically driven by a hydraulic motor which, in turn, is driven by a hydraulic pump. The output of the hydraulic pump is controlled by a pressure sensitive flow control valve that maintains the hydraulic fluid pressure drop as a constant across the hydraulic motor. The system assures a constant hydraulic motor output torque, driving the slurry pump at a constant delivery pressure.
摘要翻译： 用于泵送煤浆的恒定压力系统包括由液压马达机械驱动的浆料泵，液压马达又由液压泵驱动。 液压泵的输出由压力敏感的流量控制阀控制，该压力控制阀将液压马达的液压流体压降保持恒定。 该系统确保恒定的液压马达输出扭矩，以恒定的输送压力驱动泥浆泵。
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公开(公告)号：US4364740A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-21
申请号：US261470
申请日：1981-05-07
IPC分类号： C10L5/00 , B03B1/00 , B03B9/00 , C10G1/00 , C10G1/04 , C10L9/00 , C10L9/08 , C10L1/32 , C10L9/02
摘要： A process is disclosed for treating a fluid-permeable hydrocarbonaceous solid, such as coal, containing an admixture of hydrocarbonaceous components and mineral and sulfur components, to separate the solid into a hydrocarbonaceous enriched fraction and a mineral and sulfur enriched fraction. The process involves comminuting the solid in the presence of a low molecular weight alcohol under conditions sufficient to substantially scission the hydrocarbonaceous components from the mineral and sulfur components and to selectively comminute the hydrocarbonaceous components. The resultant product is thereafter separated into the enriched hydrocarbonaceous fraction and the enriched mineral and sulfur fraction.In a preferred embodiment of the process, the hydrocarbonaceous solid is mixed with a low molecular weight alcohol, such as methanol, to form a slurry. The slurry is then heated and pressurized to a temperature and pressure above the critical temperature and pressure of the alcohol. In particularly preferred form, the slurry is heated for a sufficient length of time to form: (1) a dissolved portion of the hydrocarbonaceous components in alcohol; (2) an undissolved suspended portion of hydrocarbonaceous material saturated with the alcohol; and (3) a discrete undissolved suspended portion of the mineral components. The superheated slurry is thereafter expanded, preferably by a substantially instantaneous adiabatic expansion, most preferably in the presence of a sulfur scavenger compound. The result is a selective precipitation, comminution and production of substantially mineral and sulfur free, ultra-fine hydrocarbonaceous particles in admixture with discrete relatively larger mineral particles.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于处理含有烃组分和矿物和硫组分的混合物的流体可渗透的含烃固体如煤的方法，以将固体分离成富含烃的馏分和富含矿物质和硫的馏分。 该方法包括在低分子量醇存在下，在足以基本上从矿物和硫组分中分解含烃组分并选择性地粉碎含烃组分的条件下粉碎该固体。 然后将所得产物分离成富集的烃类馏分和富集的矿物和硫馏分。 在该方法的优选实施方案中，烃类固体与低分子量醇如甲醇混合以形成浆料。 然后将浆料加热并加压至高于醇的临界温度和压力的温度和压力。 在特别优选的形式中，将浆料加热足够长的时间以形成：（1）在醇中的烃类组分的溶解部分; （2）用醇饱和的烃类物质的未溶解悬浮部分; 和（3）矿物组分的离散的未溶解悬浮部分。 然后将过热浆料膨胀，优选通过基本上瞬时的绝热膨胀，最优选在硫清除剂化合物的存在下进行。 结果是选择性沉淀，粉碎和生产与分散的相对较大的矿物颗粒混合的基本上无矿物和无硫的超细烃类颗粒。
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7.发明授权Apparatus for interconnecting a power supply to an electrode within a chamber containing fluid maintained at a high temperature and pressure 失效用于将电源与包含保持在高温和高压下的流体的腔室内的电极相互连接的装置
公开(公告)号：US4286111A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-25
申请号：US127737
申请日：1980-03-06
CPC分类号： H05B3/60 , B02C19/0056 , B02C19/18 , H01B17/30 , B02C2019/183 , Y10S277/93
摘要： An apparatus for connecting a power supply to an electrode within a high pressure, high temperature vessel is disclosed. The apparatus includes a conductor extending through the vessel such that the net force exerted upon the conductor by the vessel pressure is negligible. An elastomeric material seals the vessel conductor interface and the apparatus cools the sealing material to avoid softening thereof.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将电源连接到高压高温容器内的电极的装置。 该装置包括延伸穿过容器的导体，使得由容器压力施加在导体上的净力可忽略不计。 弹性体材料密封容器导体界面，并且该装置冷却密封材料以避免其软化。
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公开(公告)号：US4469280A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-04
申请号：US394695
申请日：1982-07-02
CPC分类号： F24H1/106
摘要： A method for heating agglomerating slurries in association with a method and apparatus for heating such slurries to supercritical conditions by electrical resistance. A feed slurry and a dilution stream are passed in admixture to a heating zone, and heated. A portion of the heated admixture is separated to provide the dilution stream, which is substantially free of agglomerating solids, to lower agglomeration in the heating zone. Preferably, the solid particles of the dilution stream are comminuted between separation of the dilution stream and before admixture with the feed slurry.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过电阻将这种浆料加热至超临界条件的方法和装置的方法，用于加热附聚浆料。 将进料浆料和稀释物流混合加入加热区，并加热。 将一部分加热的混合物分离以提供稀释流，其基本上不含附聚固体，以降低加热区中的附聚。 优选地，稀释流的固体颗粒在稀释流的分离之前和与进料浆料混合之前粉碎。
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9.发明授权Adiabatic expansion orifice assembly for passing a slurry from a high pressure region to a low pressure region 失效用于将浆料从高压区域传递到低压区域的绝热膨胀孔组件
公开(公告)号：US4421722A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US321750
申请日：1981-11-16
摘要： An adiabatic expansion orifice assembly for substantially instantaneously passing a coal slurry from a high pressure region to a low pressure region and a corresponding process are disclosed. The orifice assembly includes a housing having an exit end wall and a passageway through the housing. The passageway terminates in a substantially cylindrical portion or opening adjacent the exit end wall. The effective dimensions of the opening provide a flow rate whereby the slurry passes from the high pressure region through the opening to the low pressure region in less than a predetermined period of time, most preferably less than approximately 0.3 microseconds.The corresponding process involves passing a coal slurry through an orifice in less than the predetermined period of time. This process provides substantially instantaneous transition from a high pressure region to a low pressure region.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种绝热膨胀孔组件，用于将煤浆从高压区域基本上瞬时通过到低压区域和相应的工艺。 孔组件包括具有出口端壁和穿过壳体的通道的壳体。 通道终止于邻近出口端壁的大致圆柱形部分或开口。 开口的有效尺寸提供了一种流动速率，其中浆料在小于预定的时间段内，最好在小于约0.3微秒内，从高压区域通过开口传递到低压区域。 相应的过程包括在少于预定时间段内使煤浆通过孔口。 该过程提供从高压区域到低压区域的基本瞬时转变。
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公开(公告)号：US4369351A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-18
申请号：US127736
申请日：1980-03-06
CPC分类号： F24H1/106
摘要： A method and apparatus for heating fluids, such as an agglomerating slurry of coal and water, to supercritical conditions, wherein an electrical current is passed directly through the fluid. The fluid is directed through a container and heated by passing an electric current between a conductor positioned within the container and the interior surface of the container. The current passes through the fluid, and the electrical resistance of the fluid dissipates the electrical current into heat energy, resulting in the direct heating of the fluid. The rate of heating is preferably controlled by adding an electrolyte to the fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将诸如煤和水的凝聚浆液的流体加热到超临界条件的方法和装置，其中电流直接通过流体。 流体被引导通过容器并通过在位于容器内的导体和容器的内表面之间通过电流而被加热。 电流通过流体，并且流体的电阻将电流耗散到热能中，导致流体的直接加热。 优选通过向流体中加入电解质来控制加热速率。
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