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    Commercial fischer-tropsch reactor
    3.
    发明授权
    Commercial fischer-tropsch reactor 失效
    商业费托反应堆

    公开(公告)号：US07012103B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-14

    申请号：US10395912

    申请日：2003-03-24

    Applicant: Rafael L. Espinoza ,  Jianping Zhang ,  Harold A. Wright ,  Todd H. Harkins

    Inventor： Rafael L. Espinoza ,  Jianping Zhang ,  Harold A. Wright ,  Todd H. Harkins

    IPC: C07C27/00

    CPC classification number: C10G2/341 ,  B01J8/06 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J12/00 ,  B01J23/745 ,  B01J23/75 ,  B01J2208/00053 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/00097 ,  B01J2208/00212

    Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons comprises providing a multi-tubular reactor having at least 100 tubes units containing a catalyst, each tube being between 2 and 5 meters tall and in thermal contact with a cooling fluid; feeding hydrogen and carbon monoxide to each tube at a linear gas superficial velocity less than about 60 cm/s; and converting the gas feedstream to hydrocarbons on the catalyst, wherein the yield of hydrocarbons in each tube is greater than 100 (kg hydrocarbons)/hr/(m3 reaction zone). Each tube may have an internal diameter greater than 2 centimeters. The catalyst may be active for Fischer Tropsch synthesis and may comprise cobalt or iron. The maximum difference in the radially-averaged temperature between two points that are axially spaced along the reactor is less than 15° C., preferably less than 10° C. The catalyst loading or intrinsic activity may vary along the length of the reactor.

    Abstract translation: 制备烃的方法包括提供具有至少100个含有催化剂的管单元的多管式反应器，每个管的高度在2和5米之间并与冷却流体热接触; 以低于约60cm / s的线性气体表观速度向每个管供给氢气和一氧化碳; 并将气体进料流转化为催化剂上的烃，其中每个管中的烃的产率大于100（kg碳氢化合物）/ hr /（m 3）反应区）。 每根管子的内径可以大于2厘米。 该催化剂可用于费 - 托合成，并且可以包含钴或铁。 沿着反应器轴向间隔的两个点之间的径向平均温度的最大差异小于15℃，优选小于10℃。催化剂负载或固有活性可以沿着反应器的长度而变化。

    Pneumatic transport and heat exchange systems
    7.
    发明授权
    Pneumatic transport and heat exchange systems 失效
    气动运输和热交换系统

    公开(公告)号：US4575948A

    公开(公告)日：1986-03-18

    申请号：US467392

    申请日：1983-02-17

    Applicant: Lester G. Massey ,  Lawrence G. Clawson ,  Andrew J. Syska

    Inventor： Lester G. Massey ,  Lawrence G. Clawson ,  Andrew J. Syska

    IPC: B01J8/18 ,  F23L15/04 ,  F28C3/12 ,  F28D19/02 ,  F26B3/10

    CPC classification number: B01J8/1836 ,  F23L15/04 ,  F28C3/12 ,  F28D19/02 ,  B01J2208/00053 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/00088 ,  B01J2208/00371 ,  Y02E20/348

    Abstract: Gas-solids transport and heat exchange techniques are disclosed wherein solid particulate material is circulated in a "figure 8" or a circular flow path for selective contact and/or direct heat exchange with gaseous media. The particulate material is introduced into streams of gaseous media at spaced locations in the flow path and subsequently separated from the gaseous streams following contact and/or heat exchange therewith. The gaseous streams are maintained separate from one another by loose packed bed columns of particulate material formed in the flow path and used to introduce the particulate material into the gaseous streams. The flow rate of the particulate material is regulated by the controlled biasing of particulate material from each of the columns thereof directly into the gaseous streams, and the particulate material is circulated solely through the use of the gaseous media and the force of gravity. The particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with each of the gaseous streams in figure 8 flow path systems and, in circular flow path systems, the particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with one of the gaseous streams and in countercurrent relationship with the other of the gaseous streams. In heat exchange applications, heat transfer between the streams of gaseous media is provided as a function of the flow rate of the particulate material and the relative flow rates of the streams of gaseous media.

    Abstract translation: 公开了气固体输送和热交换技术，其中固体颗粒材料在“图8”或圆形流动路径中循环，用于与气体介质的选择性接触和/或直接热交换。 颗粒材料在流动路径中的间隔位置处被引入气态介质流中，随后在与其接触和/或热交换之后与气流分离。 通过在流动路径中形成的颗粒材料的松散填充床柱将气流彼此分离，并将颗粒材料引入气流中。 颗粒材料的流速通过将颗粒材料从其每个柱的受控偏压直接进入气流来调节，并且颗粒材料仅通过使用气体介质和重力循环。 颗粒材料与图8流路系统中的每种气流以并流关系循环，并且在圆形流动路径系统中，颗粒材料与气流中的一种以并流关系循环并与另一种气流形成逆流关系 气流。 在热交换应用中，提供气体介质流之间的热传递作为颗粒材料的流速和气体介质流的相对流速的函数。

    Atomized hydrocarbon oxygenation reaction process and apparatus therefor
    8.
    发明授权
    Atomized hydrocarbon oxygenation reaction process and apparatus therefor 失效
    化学气相氧化反应过程及其设备

    公开(公告)号：US3590058A

    公开(公告)日：1971-06-29

    申请号：US3590058D

    申请日：1968-06-07

    Applicant: ELMER J LEMASTER

    Inventor： LEMASTER ELMER J

    IPC: B01J8/02 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  C07C51/23 ,  C07C51/235 ,  C07C51/25 ,  C08H17/36

    CPC classification number: C07C51/25 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J2208/00053 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00539 ,  B01J2208/00548 ,  C07C51/23 ,  C07C51/235

    Abstract: A METHOD IS DISCLOSED FOR THE OXYGENATION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS TO FATTY ACIDS AND OTHER OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS BY ATOMIZING A PREHEATED AND PRESSURIZED MIXTURE OF THE HYDROCARBON STEAM, AND AIR TO A VAPORFOAM, AND PASSING SUCH VAPOR-FOAM MIXTURE THROUGH A CATALYTIC BED AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE BUT BELOW THE BOILING POINT OF THE HYDROCARBON. THE VAPOR-FOAM IS USAUALLY A COMBINATION OF VAPOR AND FOAM BUT MAY BE ALL FOAM OR SUBSTANTIALLY ALL VAPOR. SEVERAL FORMS OF APPARATUS ARE DISCLOSED. IN EACH FORM DISCLOSED A REACTION VESSEL IS PROVIDED HAVING A CATALYTIC BED THEREIN AND AN ATOMIZER IS PROVIDED WITHIN THE VESSEL IN ORDER TO FORM THE LIQUID INTO A VAPOR-FOAM PRIOR TO PASSAGE THROUGH THE CATALYTIC BED. IN TWO OF THE APPARATUS, THE HYDROCARBON MATERIAL, STEAM, AND AIR ENTER THE REACTION VESSEL, AND ARE ATOMIZED NEAR THE TOP THEREOF AND THEN PASS THROUGH THE CATALYTIC BED AND MOVE OUT OF THE REACTION VESSEL AT THE BOTTOM, GOING FROM THERE TO AN ACCUMULATOR WHERE THE PRODUCT IS SETTLED AND SEPARATED. IN ONE ARRANGEMENT, THE FLOW IS REVERSED SO THAT THE MATERIALS MOVE UPWARD THROUGH THE REACTION VESSEL. SEVERAL TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE SHOWN FOR PREHEATING THE MATERIALS TO BE REACTED EITHER UTILIZING THE HEAT FROM THE REACTION (WHICH IS NORMALLY EXOTHERMIC) OR UTILIZING HOT WATER OR STEAM.

    MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC HYDROGEN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATOR
    9.
    发明公开
    MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC HYDROGEN ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATOR 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20230143022A1

    公开(公告)日：2023-05-11

    申请号：US17798057

    申请日：2021-02-08

    Applicant: Brilliant Light Power, Inc.

    Inventor： Randell L. MILLS

    IPC: B01J23/08

    CPC classification number: B01J23/08 ,  B01J2208/00053 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/00088

    Abstract: A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen hydrogen products identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream to the reaction cell and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain. In some embodiments, the power generator may comprise: (v) a source of H2 and O2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.

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