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公开(公告)号：US5993989A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US826715
申请日：1997-04-07
申请人： Li Baozhen , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
发明人： Li Baozhen , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
CPC分类号： H01M4/9033 , H01M8/0217 , H01M8/1253 , H01M8/243 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Solid oxide fuel cells having improved low-temperature operation are disclosed. In one embodiment, an interfacial layer of terbia-stabilized zirconia is located between the air electrode and electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell. The interfacial layer provides a barrier which controls interaction between the air electrode and electrolyte. The interfacial layer also reduces polarization loss through the reduction of the air electrode/electrolyte interfacial electrical resistance. In another embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell comprises a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte having high electrical conductivity. The scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte may be provided as a very thin layer in order to reduce resistance. The scandia-stabilized electrolyte is preferably used in combination with the terbia-stabilized interfacial layer. The solid oxide fuel cells are operable over wider temperature ranges and wider temperature gradients in comparison with conventional fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有改进的低温操作的固体氧化物燃料电池。 在一个实施方案中，恐惧稳定的氧化锆的界面层位于固体氧化物燃料电池的空气极和电解质之间。 界面层提供了控制空气电极和电解质之间的相互作用的屏障。 界面层还通过减少空气电极/电解质界面电阻来降低极化损失。 在另一个实施方案中，固体氧化物燃料电池包括具有高导电性的猩猩稳定的氧化锆电解质。 为了降低电阻，可以提供鳞片状氧化锆电解质作为非常薄的层。 猩猩稳定的电解质优选与terbia稳定的界面层组合使用。 与常规燃料电池相比，固体氧化物燃料电池在更宽的温度范围和更宽的温度梯度下可操作。
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公开(公告)号：US06207311B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09342868
申请日：1999-06-29
申请人： Li Baozhen , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
发明人： Li Baozhen , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
IPC分类号： H01M812
CPC分类号： H01M4/9033 , H01M8/0217 , H01M8/1253 , H01M8/243 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , Y02E60/525 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Solid oxide fuel cells having improved low-temperature operation are disclosed. In one embodiment, an interfacial layer of terbia-stabilized zirconia is located between the air electrode and electrolyte of the solid oxide fuel cell. The interfacial layer provides a barrier which controls interaction between the air electrode and electrolyte. The interfacial layer also reduces polarization loss through the reduction of the air electrode/electrolyte interfacial electrical resistance. In another embodiment, the solid oxide fuel cell comprises a scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte having high electrical conductivity. The scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolyte may be provided as a very thin layer in order to reduce resistance. The scandia-stabilized electrolyte is preferably used in combination with the terbia-stabilized interfacial layer. The solid oxide fuel cells are operable over wider temperature ranges and wider temperature gradients in comparison with conventional fuel cells.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有改进的低温操作的固体氧化物燃料电池。 在一个实施方案中，恐惧稳定的氧化锆的界面层位于固体氧化物燃料电池的空气极和电解质之间。 界面层提供了控制空气电极和电解质之间的相互作用的屏障。 界面层还通过减少空气电极/电解质界面电阻来降低极化损失。 在另一个实施方案中，固体氧化物燃料电池包括具有高导电性的猩猩稳定的氧化锆电解质。 为了降低电阻，可以提供鳞片状氧化锆电解质作为非常薄的层。 猩猩稳定的电解质优选与terbia稳定的界面层组合使用。 与常规燃料电池相比，固体氧化物燃料电池在更宽的温度范围和更宽的温度梯度下可操作。
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公开(公告)号：US5932146A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US995078
申请日：1997-12-19
申请人： Lewis Kuo , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
发明人： Lewis Kuo , Roswell J. Ruka , Subhash C. Singhal
CPC分类号： H01M4/9033 , C04B35/016 , H01M4/8621 , H01M4/8885 , H01M4/9016 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074
摘要： An air electrode composition for a solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed. The air electrode material is based on lanthanum manganite having a perovskite-like crystal structure ABO.sub.3. The A-site of the air electrode composition comprises a mixed lanthanide in combination with rare earth and alkaline earth dopants. The B-site of the composition comprises Mn in combination with dopants such as Mg, Al, Cr and Ni. The mixed lanthanide comprises La, Ce, Pr and, optionally, Nd. The rare earth A-site dopants preferably comprise La, Nd or a combination thereof, while the alkaline earth A-site dopant preferably comprises Ca. The use of a mixed lanthanide substantially reduces raw material costs in comparison with compositions made from high purity lanthanum starting materials. The amount of the A-site and B-site dopants is controlled in order to provide an air electrode composition having a coefficient of thermal expansion which closely matches that of the other components of the solid oxide fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种固体氧化物型燃料电池用空气电极组合物。 空气电极材料基于具有钙钛矿型晶体结构ABO 3的亚锰酸镧。 空气电极组合物的A位置包含与稀土和碱土掺杂剂组合的混合镧系元素。 组合物的B位置包括Mn与掺杂剂如Mg，Al，Cr和Ni的组合。 混合镧系元素包括La，Ce，Pr和任选的Nd。 稀土A位掺杂剂优选包含La，Nd或其组合，而碱土金属A位掺杂剂优选包含Ca。 与由高纯度镧原料制成的组合物相比，使用混合镧系元素大大降低了原料成本。 控制A位和B位掺杂剂的量以提供具有与固体氧化物燃料电池的其它组分的热膨胀系数相近的热膨胀系数的空气电极组合物。
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公开(公告)号：US5143751A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-01
申请号：US495884
申请日：1990-03-19
CPC分类号： C04B35/12 , C01G37/00 , C01G37/006 , H01M8/0215 , C01P2002/52 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2004/80 , C01P2006/12 , H01M8/0219 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A highly sinterable powder consisting essentially of LaCrO.sub.3, containing from 5 weight % to 20 weight % of a chromite of dopant Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, or Mg and a coating of a chromate of dopant Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, or Mg; is made by (1) forming a solution of La, Cr, and dopant; (2) heating their solutions; (3) forming a combined solution having a desired ratio of La, Cr, and dopant and heating to reduce solvent; (4) forming a foamed mass under vacuum; (5) burning off organic components and forming a charred material; (6) grinding the charred material; (7) heating the char at from 590.degree. C. to 950 C. in inert gas containing up to 50,000 ppm O.sub.2 to provide high specific surface area particles; (8) adding that material to a mixture of a nitrate of Cr and dopant to form a slurry; (9) grinding the particles in the slurry; (10) freeze or spray drying the slurry to provide a coating of nitrates on the particles; and (11) heating the coated particles to convert the nitrate coating to a chromate coating and provide a highly sinterable material having a high specific surface area of over 7 m.sup.2 /g.
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公开(公告)号：US5085742A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-04
申请号：US597608
申请日：1990-10-15
CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 , Y10T29/49108 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A method to form an electrochemical cell (12) is characterized by the steps of thermal spraying stabilized zirconia over a doped lanthanum manganite air electrode tube (14) to provide an electrolyte layer (15), coating conductive particles over the electrolyte, pressurizing the outside of the electrolyte layer, feeding halide vapors of yttrium and zirconium to the outside of the electrolyte layer and feeding a source of oxygen to the inside of the electrolyte layer, heating to cause oxygen reaction with the halide vapors to close electrolyte pores if there are any and to form a metal oxide coating on and between the particles and provide a fuel electrode (16).
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公开(公告)号：US4479868A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-30
申请号：US544159
申请日：1983-10-21
IPC分类号： G01N27/409 , G01N27/30 , G01N27/407 , G01N27/58
CPC分类号： G01N27/4075 , G01N27/407
摘要： The invention provides both preferred material alloys and electrode lead wire configurations for electrically connecting the solid electrolyte cell in a gas sensing probe to a remote measuring circuit.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了优选的材料合金和用于将气体感测探针中的固体电解质电池电连接到远程测量电路的电极引线配置。
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7.发明授权Tape method of forming a thin layer of doped lanthanum chromite particles and of bonding such on an electrode 失效形成薄层的蓝绿色颗粒的薄膜的方法和将其连接在电极上的方法
公开(公告)号：US5132352A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-21
申请号：US515975
申请日：1990-04-27
申请人： Von L. Richards , Subhash C. Singhal , Uday B. Pal
发明人： Von L. Richards , Subhash C. Singhal , Uday B. Pal
CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0252 , H01M2008/1293 , H01M2300/0074 , H01M8/0219 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A combustible polymer film, useful for application of an interconnection on an electrode is made by: (1) providing doped LaCro.sub.3 particles; (2) dispersing doped LaCrO.sub.3 particles in a solvent, to provide a dispersion; (3) screening the dispersion to provide particles in the range of from 30 micrometers to 80 micrometers; (4) admixing a fugitive polymer with the particles; (5) casting the dispersion to provide a film; (6) drying the film; and (7) stripping the film. The film can then be applied to a porous, preheated electrode top surface, and then electrochemical vapor depositing a dense skeletal LaCrO.sub.3 structure, between and around the doped LaCrO.sub.3 particles. Additional solid oxide electrolyte and fuel electrode layers can then be added to provide a fuel cell.
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8.发明授权Silicon nitride compositions in the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 -Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SiO.sub.2 system 失效Si {hd 3 {b N {HD 4 {B -Y {HD 2 {B O {HD 3 {B -SiO {HD 2 {B system
公开(公告)号：US4102698A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-25
申请号：US744380
申请日：1976-11-23
IPC分类号： C04B35/593 , C04B35/58
CPC分类号： C04B35/593
摘要： Dense, ceramic compositions fabricated within the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 -Si.sub.2 N.sub.2 O-Y.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.7 compatibility triangle in the Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 -SiO.sub.2 -Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 system are extremely stable in oxidizing environments and particularly suited for use as a high temperature structural material. In addition, the hot-pressed, densified articles fabricated from compositions within the compatibility triangle exhibit improved strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures relative to commercial Si.sub.3 N.sub.4.
摘要翻译： 在Si3N4-SiO2-Y2O3系统中Si3N4-Si2N2O-Y2Si2O7相容性三角形内制备的密集陶瓷组合物在氧化环境中非常稳定，特别适用于高温结构材料。 此外，由相容性三角形内的组合物制成的热压密实制品在相对于商业Si 3 N 4的高温下表现出改进的强度和抗蠕变性。
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公开(公告)号：US5225998A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US912083
申请日：1992-07-09
申请人： Subhash C. Singhal
发明人： Subhash C. Singhal
IPC分类号： G06F11/34
CPC分类号： G06F11/34
摘要： A new graphical tool, called a multi-process performance analysis chart, can be used in a quality control method for analyzing the performance of a group of processes in a multi-process environment. The method achieves at least three objectives. One, the method is useful for aggregating on one chart the overall status of a group of processes. Departures of process mean values from target values are readily interpreted from the chart as are process variabilities and process capability indices. Estimates of the expected fallout of a process parameter with respect to its tolerance are also readily generated. Two, the method allows for prioritizing quality improvement efforts in complex operations, which may comprise many processes. And three, the method allows for quantifying improvements resulting from reductions in the departures of process means from target values and from reductions in process variabilities.
摘要翻译： 一种称为多进程性能分析图表的新型图形工具可用于质量控制方法，用于分析多进程环境中一组进程的性能。 该方法至少达到三个目标。 一，该方法对于在一个图表上聚合一组流程的总体状态很有用。 过程平均值从目标值的出发很容易从图表中解释，过程变异性和过程能力指数也是如此。 过程参数相对于其公差的预期影响的估计也容易产生。 二，该方法允许在复杂操作中优先考虑质量改进工作，这可能包括许多过程。 三，该方法允许量化改进，这是由于过程手段与目标值的偏离和工艺变化的减少而导致的。
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公开(公告)号：US4895576A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-23
申请号：US182277
申请日：1988-04-15
CPC分类号： C23C16/08 , H01M8/12 , H01M8/243 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： A dense, electronically conductive interconnection layer 26 is bonded on a porous, tubular, electronically conductive air electrode structure 16, optionally supported by a ceramic support 22, by (A) forming a layer of oxide particles of at least one of the metals Ca, Sr, Co, Ba or Mg on a part 24 of a first surface of the air electrode 16, (B) heating the electrode structure, (C) applying a halide vapor containing at least lanthanum halide and chromium halide to the first surface and applying a source of oxygen to a second opposite surface of the air electrode so that they contact at said first surface, to cause a reaction of the oxygen and halide and cause a dense lanthanum-chromium oxide structure to grow, from the first electrode surface, between and around the oxide particles, where the metal oxide particles get incoporated into the lanthanum-chromium oxide structure as it grows thicker with time, and the metal ions in the oxide particles diffuse into the bulk of the lanthamum-chromium oxide structure, to provide a dense, top, interconnection layer 26 on top of the air electrode 16. A solid electrolyte layer 18 can be applied to the uncovered portion of the air electrode, and a fuel electrode 20 can be applied to the solid electrolyte, to provide an electrochemical cell 10.
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