公开(公告)号：US4895576A

公开(公告)日：1990-01-23

申请号：US182277

申请日：1988-04-15

申请人： Uday B. Pal ,  Subhash C. Singhal ,  David M. Moon ,  George R. Folser

发明人： Uday B. Pal ,  Subhash C. Singhal ,  David M. Moon ,  George R. Folser

IPC分类号： H01M4/88 ,  C23C16/08 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： C23C16/08 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/243 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： A dense, electronically conductive interconnection layer 26 is bonded on a porous, tubular, electronically conductive air electrode structure 16, optionally supported by a ceramic support 22, by (A) forming a layer of oxide particles of at least one of the metals Ca, Sr, Co, Ba or Mg on a part 24 of a first surface of the air electrode 16, (B) heating the electrode structure, (C) applying a halide vapor containing at least lanthanum halide and chromium halide to the first surface and applying a source of oxygen to a second opposite surface of the air electrode so that they contact at said first surface, to cause a reaction of the oxygen and halide and cause a dense lanthanum-chromium oxide structure to grow, from the first electrode surface, between and around the oxide particles, where the metal oxide particles get incoporated into the lanthanum-chromium oxide structure as it grows thicker with time, and the metal ions in the oxide particles diffuse into the bulk of the lanthamum-chromium oxide structure, to provide a dense, top, interconnection layer 26 on top of the air electrode 16. A solid electrolyte layer 18 can be applied to the uncovered portion of the air electrode, and a fuel electrode 20 can be applied to the solid electrolyte, to provide an electrochemical cell 10.

公开(公告)号：US5085742A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-04

申请号：US597608

申请日：1990-10-15

申请人： Walter J. Dollard ,  George R. Folser ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Subhash C. Singhal

发明人： Walter J. Dollard ,  George R. Folser ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Subhash C. Singhal

IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 ,  Y10T29/49108 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： A method to form an electrochemical cell (12) is characterized by the steps of thermal spraying stabilized zirconia over a doped lanthanum manganite air electrode tube (14) to provide an electrolyte layer (15), coating conductive particles over the electrolyte, pressurizing the outside of the electrolyte layer, feeding halide vapors of yttrium and zirconium to the outside of the electrolyte layer and feeding a source of oxygen to the inside of the electrolyte layer, heating to cause oxygen reaction with the halide vapors to close electrolyte pores if there are any and to form a metal oxide coating on and between the particles and provide a fuel electrode (16).

公开(公告)号：US5132352A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-21

申请号：US515975

申请日：1990-04-27

申请人： Von L. Richards ,  Subhash C. Singhal ,  Uday B. Pal

发明人： Von L. Richards ,  Subhash C. Singhal ,  Uday B. Pal

IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 ,  H01M8/0252 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  H01M8/0219 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： A combustible polymer film, useful for application of an interconnection on an electrode is made by: (1) providing doped LaCro.sub.3 particles; (2) dispersing doped LaCrO.sub.3 particles in a solvent, to provide a dispersion; (3) screening the dispersion to provide particles in the range of from 30 micrometers to 80 micrometers; (4) admixing a fugitive polymer with the particles; (5) casting the dispersion to provide a film; (6) drying the film; and (7) stripping the film. The film can then be applied to a porous, preheated electrode top surface, and then electrochemical vapor depositing a dense skeletal LaCrO.sub.3 structure, between and around the doped LaCrO.sub.3 particles. Additional solid oxide electrolyte and fuel electrode layers can then be added to provide a fuel cell.

公开(公告)号：US5080689A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-14

申请号：US515935

申请日：1990-04-27

申请人： Uday B. Pal ,  Arnold O. Isenberg ,  George R. Folser

发明人： Uday B. Pal ,  Arnold O. Isenberg ,  George R. Folser

IPC分类号： C04B37/02 ,  C23C16/40 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： C23C16/40 ,  H01M8/0219 ,  Y10T29/49115

摘要： An electrochemical cell containing an air electrode (16), contacting electrolyte and electronically conductive interconnection layer (26), and a fuel electrode, has the interconnection layer (26) attached by: (A) applying a thin, closely packed, discrete layer of LaCrO.sub.3 particles (30), doped with an element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Mg and their mixtures on a portion of the air electrode, and then (B) electrochemical vapor depositing a dense skeletal structure (32) between and around the doped LaCrO.sub.3 particles (30).

公开(公告)号：US20130192998A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-01

申请号：US13600761

申请日：2012-08-31

申请人： Adam Clayton Powell, IV ,  Soobhankar Pati ,  Stephen Joseph Derezinski ,  Garrett Lau ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Xiaofei Guan ,  Srikanth Gopalan

发明人： Adam Clayton Powell, IV ,  Soobhankar Pati ,  Stephen Joseph Derezinski ,  Garrett Lau ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Xiaofei Guan ,  Srikanth Gopalan

IPC分类号： C25C7/02

CPC分类号： C25C7/025 ,  C25C7/00 ,  H01R3/08 ,  Y10T29/49117

摘要： In one aspect, the present invention is directed to apparatuses for and methods of conducting electrical current in an oxygen and liquid metal environment. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods for production of metals from their oxides comprising providing a cathode in electrical contact with a molten electrolyte, providing a liquid metal anode separated from the cathode and the molten electrolyte by a solid oxygen ion conducting membrane, providing a current collector at the anode, and establishing a potential between the cathode and the anode.

摘要翻译： 一方面，本发明涉及在氧和液态金属环境中传导电流的装置和方法。 在另一方面，本发明涉及从其氧化物生产金属的方法，包括提供与熔融电解质电接触的阴极，提供通过固体氧离子导电膜从阴极和熔融电解质分离的液态金属阳极，提供 阳极处的集电器，并且在阴极和阳极之间建立电位。

公开(公告)号：US5700308A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-23

申请号：US375866

申请日：1995-01-20

申请人： Uday B. Pal ,  Julian Szekely

发明人： Uday B. Pal ,  Julian Szekely

IPC分类号： C21C5/52 ,  C21C5/56 ,  C22B4/00 ,  C21B13/13

CPC分类号： C22B4/005 ,  C21C5/52 ,  C21C5/56 ,  Y02P10/214 ,  Y02P10/216

摘要： A method and apparatus for enhancing reaction rates between ionic species such as slags, mattes, fluxes and the like with at least another component such as similar melts, metals, chemical compounds, gases or any combination thereof during metal processing operations is provided. A dispersion of the ionic species and the other component or components is formed and contacted with a plasma or electric arc such that migration of the ionic species is facilitated and space charges in the ionic species are discharged. Reactions for decarburization, dephosphorization, desulfurization, deoxidation, alloy additions, refining, extractions and recycling processes on an industrial scale are thereby enhanced.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于在金属加工操作期间增强离子物质如矿渣，锍，助熔剂等之间的反应速率的方法和装置，其具有至少另一种成分，例如相似的熔体，金属，化合物，气体或其任何组合。 形成离子物质和其它组分的分散体并与等离子体或电弧接触，使离子物质的迁移变得容易，离子物质中的空间电荷被排出。 从而提高了脱碳，脱磷，脱硫，脱氧，合金添加，精炼，萃取和再循环工艺在工业规模上的反应。

公开(公告)号：US5443699A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-22

申请号：US201812

申请日：1994-02-25

申请人： Uday B. Pal ,  Kuo-Chih Chou ,  Shi Yuan ,  Zain Hasham

发明人： Uday B. Pal ,  Kuo-Chih Chou ,  Shi Yuan ,  Zain Hasham

IPC分类号： C21C5/00 ,  C21C5/56 ,  C21C7/00 ,  C22B9/05 ,  C25C3/34 ,  H01M6/00

CPC分类号： C21C5/56 ,  C21C5/00 ,  C21C7/00 ,  C22B9/05 ,  Y02P10/138

摘要： A method for electrochemical refining of an impurity-containing low carbon steel melt using a solid electrolyte ionic conductor to remove the impurity from the melt is provided. Also provided are an apparatus for performing the method, and a continuous method for electrochemical refining of a low carbon steel melt.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用固体电解质离子导体电解精炼含杂质的低碳钢熔体以从熔体中除去杂质的方法。 还提供了一种用于执行该方法的装置以及用于低碳钢熔体的电化学精炼的连续方法。

公开(公告)号：US4695318A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-22

申请号：US917864

申请日：1986-10-14

申请人： William F. Knauss, Jr. ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Balaji V. Patil

发明人： William F. Knauss, Jr. ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Balaji V. Patil

IPC分类号： B22D1/00 ,  C21C1/00 ,  C21C5/28 ,  C21C7/072 ,  C21C7/076 ,  C22C33/00 ,  C21C7/02

CPC分类号： C21C5/28 ,  C21C1/00 ,  C21C7/076 ,  Y02P10/242

摘要： There is practiced a method of making low carbon silicon steel in which the lining of the ladle is made of dolomite instead of fireclay or alumina, and there is added to the ladle, before the metal is teemed into it, a pre-melted or pre-fused mixture containing appropriate portions of calcium silicate, lime, magnesia, and spar, and argon bubbling is practice as before but preferably for a slightly longer period of time, and the ladle is provided during argon bubbling with a hood or lid. There is then obtained a product steel with desirably low contents of oxygen and nitrogen, and without penalty in the form of higher contents of aluminum and titanium in the finished steel.

公开(公告)号：US07588626B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-15

申请号：US11255650

申请日：2005-10-21

申请人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Annamalai Karthikeyan ,  Cui Hengdong

发明人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Annamalai Karthikeyan ,  Cui Hengdong

IPC分类号： B01D53/22

CPC分类号： B01D67/0041 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D69/141 ,  B01D71/024 ,  B01D2325/22 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  B01J8/009 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  C01B3/503 ,  C01B13/0255 ,  C01B2203/025 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/0405 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2210/0053 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  H01M8/0681 ,  H01M8/0687 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  Y02P20/149

摘要： A mixed ionic and electronic conducting membrane includes a two-phase solid state ceramic composite, wherein the first phase comprises an oxygen ion conductor and the second phase comprises an n-type electronically conductive oxide, wherein the electronically conductive oxide is stable at an oxygen partial pressure as low as 10−20 atm and has an electronic conductivity of at least 1 S/cm. A hydrogen separation system and related methods using the mixed ionic and electronic conducting membrane are described.

摘要翻译： 混合的离子和电子导电膜包括两相固态陶瓷复合材料，其中第一相包括氧离子导体，第二相包括n型电子导电氧化物，其中电子导电氧化物在氧气部分是稳定的 压力低至10-20atm，电导率至少为1S / cm。 描述了使用混合的离子和电子导电膜的氢分离系统和相关方法。

公开(公告)号：US20090035561A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-05

申请号：US12221561

申请日：2008-08-04

申请人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Soumendra N. Basu ,  Wenhua Huang

发明人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday B. Pal ,  Soumendra N. Basu ,  Wenhua Huang

IPC分类号： B32B5/00 ,  B32B15/04 ,  C25D13/00

CPC分类号： C25D9/10 ,  C25D5/34 ,  C25D5/48 ,  H01M8/04164 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  Y10T428/265

摘要： A dense and well adhered spinel coating such as CuMn1.8O4, when deposited on a stainless steel substrate by electrophoretic deposition, significantly reduces the oxidation rate of the steel compared to the uncoated steel at elevated temperature. The protective oxide spinel coating is useful for preparing solid oxide fuel cell interconnects having long term stability at 800° C.

摘要翻译： 当通过电泳沉积沉积在不锈钢基底上时，密实且良好粘附的尖晶石涂层如CuMn1.8O4显着降低了与未涂覆的钢在高温下的氧化速率。 保护性氧化物尖晶石涂层可用于制备在800℃下具有长期稳定性的固体氧化物燃料电池互连。