公开(公告)号：US6166383A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-26

申请号：US123034

申请日：1998-07-27

申请人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig ,  Karlheinz Schmidt

发明人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig ,  Karlheinz Schmidt

IPC分类号： G01J5/08 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/37 ,  G01N21/61

CPC分类号： G01N21/37

摘要： A non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer for determining concentrations of carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides has two measuring cells 4, 6 consecutively traversed by a beam, with an optopneumatic detector 22 for carbon dioxide and an optopneumatic detector 23 for carbon monoxide arranged between them. Detectors 7, 8 for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are arranged on the measuring cell 6 located downstream from detectors 22, 23 in the direction of the beam.

摘要翻译： 用于测定二氧化碳和/或一氧化碳，碳氢化合物和氮氧化物浓度的非分散红外线气体分析仪具有两个由梁连续穿过的测量单元4,6，用于二氧化碳的气动气动检测器22和用于二氧化碳的气动检测器23 用于排列在它们之间的一氧化碳。 用于碳氢化合物和氮氧化物的检测器7,8布置在位于检测器22,23下游的测量单元6上，沿梁的方向。

公开(公告)号：US20100188149A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-29

申请号：US12594417

申请日：2008-03-20

申请人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： H03F1/26 ,  H04B1/10

CPC分类号： H03D3/24

摘要： A lock-in amplifier with an additional phase-sensitive detector is provided. A measurement signal is mixed in a multiplicative fashion with a reference signal, which is phase-shifted by 90 degrees, for a modulation frequency. In order to reliably filter out interference signal portions in a widest possible dynamic range and, at the same time, minimize unavoidable influence on the useful signal portion, a control device is connected downstream of the additional phase-sensitive detector. The control device determines a control variable corresponding to the strength of the interference signal from the measurement signal mixed with the reference signal phase shifted by 90 degrees and uses the control variable to change the integration duration of the integrator proportionally to the control variable, a corresponding cut-off frequency of an equivalent low pass being coordinated automatically.

摘要翻译： 提供了带有附加相敏检测器的锁相放大器。 测量信号以与调制频率相移90度的参考信号以乘法方式混合。 为了在最宽的动态范围内可靠地滤除干扰信号部分，并且同时将对有用信号部分的不可避免的影响减到最小，控制装置连接在附加的相敏检测器的下游。 控制装置根据来自与偏移90度的基准信号相位混合的测量信号确定与干扰信号的强度对应的控制变量，并且使用该控制变量将积分器的积分持续时间与控制变量成比例地变化， 自动协调等效低通的截止频率。

公开(公告)号：US08180309B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-15

申请号：US12594417

申请日：2008-03-20

申请人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Ludwig Kimmig ,  Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： H04B1/10 ,  H04K3/00

CPC分类号： H03D3/24

摘要： A lock-in amplifier with an additional phase-sensitive detector is provided. A measurement signal is mixed in a multiplicative fashion with a reference signal, which is phase-shifted by 90 degrees, for a modulation frequency. In order to reliably filter out interference signal portions in a widest possible dynamic range and, at the same time, minimize unavoidable influence on the useful signal portion, a control device is connected downstream of the additional phase-sensitive detector. The control device determines a control variable corresponding to the strength of the interference signal from the measurement signal mixed with the reference signal phase shifted by 90 degrees and uses the control variable to change the integration duration of the integrator proportionally to the control variable, a corresponding cut-off frequency of an equivalent low pass being coordinated automatically.

摘要翻译： 提供了带有附加相敏检测器的锁相放大器。 测量信号以与调制频率相移90度的参考信号以乘法方式混合。 为了在最宽的动态范围内可靠地滤除干扰信号部分，并且同时将对有用信号部分的不可避免的影响减到最小，控制装置连接在附加的相敏检测器的下游。 控制装置根据来自与偏移90度的基准信号相位混合的测量信号确定与干扰信号的强度对应的控制变量，并且使用该控制变量将积分器的积分持续时间与控制变量成比例地变化， 自动协调等效低通的截止频率。

公开(公告)号：US20110032514A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12867859

申请日：2009-02-15

申请人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Ludwig Kimmig ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Ludwig Kimmig ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01J3/00 ,  G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/37 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/61

摘要： The invention relates to a NDIR-gas analyser comprising an infrared radiation source (1), a measuring vessel (3) containing a gas mixture (4) having a measuring gas component (5) that is to be detected, and a detector device (7) that is arranged behind the measuring vessel that can detect the influence of ageing of the radiation source (1) and optionally dirt deposits in the optical radiation path without interrupting measuring. According to the invention, at least one optopneumatic detector (15) is arranged in the beam path of the radiation source (1), said detector being filled with any gas (16) when arranged between the radiation source (1) and the measuring vessel (3). The concentration of measuring gas components is lower in the detector (15) than in the measuring vessel (3) if filled with the measuring gas components, and said detector is filled with a gas when arranged between the measuring vessel (3) and the detector device (7), the absorption spectrum of the detector being outside of the spectrum of the measuring gas components (5) and other transversal gases in the gas mixture (4). The measuring signal (12) of the detector device (7) is corrected by the detector signal (21) generated by the detector (15).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种NDIR气体分析仪，其包括红外线辐射源（1），包含具有待检测的测量气体成分（5）的气体混合物（4）的测量容器（3）和检测器装置 7），其布置在测量容器后面，其可以检测辐射源（1）的老化的影响和任选的污垢沉积在光学辐射路径中，而不会中断测量。 根据本发明，至少一个便携式气动检测器（15）被布置在辐射源（1）的光束路径中，当布置在辐射源（1）和测量容器（1）之间时，所述检测器填充有任何气体（16） （3）。 如果填充有测量气体成分，则检测器（15）中测量气体成分的浓度低于测量容器（3）中的浓度，并且当设置在测量容器（3）和检测器 装置（7），检测器的吸收光谱在测量气体组分（5）的光谱之外和气体混合物（4）中的其它横向气体之外。 检测器装置（7）的测量信号（12）由检测器（15）产生的检测器信号（21）进行校正。

公开(公告)号：US08044353B2

公开(公告)日：2011-10-25

申请号：US12867859

申请日：2009-02-15

申请人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Ludwig Kimmig ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Ludwig Kimmig ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01J5/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/37 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/61

摘要： The invention relates to a NDIR-gas analyser comprising an infrared radiation source (1), a measuring vessel (3) containing a gas mixture (4) having a measuring gas component (5) that is to be detected, and a detector device (7) that is arranged behind the measuring vessel that can detect the influence of ageing of the radiation source (1) and optionally dirt deposits in the optical radiation path without interrupting measuring. According to the invention, at least one optopneumatic detector (15) is arranged in the beam path of the radiation source (1), said detector being filled with any gas (16) when arranged between the radiation source (1) and the measuring vessel (3). The concentration of measuring gas components is lower in the detector (15) than in the measuring vessel (3) if filled with the measuring gas components, and said detector is filled with a gas when arranged between the measuring vessel (3) and the detector device (7), the absorption spectrum of the detector being outside of the spectrum of the measuring gas components (5) and other transversal gases in the gas mixture (4). The measuring signal (12) of the detector device (7) is corrected by the detector signal (21) generated by the detector (15).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种NDIR气体分析仪，其包括红外线辐射源（1），包含具有待检测的测量气体成分（5）的气体混合物（4）的测量容器（3）和检测器装置 7），其布置在测量容器后面，其可以检测辐射源（1）的老化的影响和任选的污垢沉积在光学辐射路径中，而不会中断测量。 根据本发明，至少一个便携式气动检测器（15）被布置在辐射源（1）的光束路径中，当布置在辐射源（1）和测量容器（1）之间时，所述检测器填充有任何气体（16） （3）。 如果填充有测量气体成分，则检测器（15）中测量气体成分的浓度低于测量容器（3）中的浓度，并且当设置在测量容器（3）和检测器 装置（7），检测器的吸收光谱在测量气体组分（5）的光谱之外和气体混合物（4）中的其它横向气体之外。 检测器装置（7）的测量信号（12）由检测器（15）产生的检测器信号（21）进行校正。

公开(公告)号：US20100066355A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-18

申请号：US12556921

申请日：2009-09-10

申请人： Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Peter Krause ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01R33/12 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N7/00

CPC分类号： G01D18/00

摘要： A process measuring device configured to identify malfunctions due to hardware and/or software errors is provided. The process measuring device includes a measuring unit for converting a non-electric variable to an electric variable with a modulation facility modulating the conversion, a signal processing device for processing the electric variable, or an electric raw signal obtained from the electric variable by signal preprocessing, by a signal processing software to produce a measured value, and means for obtaining a test signal corresponding to the modulation. Further, the device includes means in the form of the signal processing device for processing the test signal by the signal processing software to produce a diagnosis value and means for monitoring the signal processing device by comparing the diagnosis value with an expected value.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种被配置为识别由于硬件和/或软件错误引起的故障的过程测量设备。 该过程测量装置包括一个测量单元，用于通过调制该转换的调制设施将非电变量转换成电变量，用于处理该电变量的信号处理装置或通过信号预处理从电变量获得的电原始信号 由信号处理软件产生测量值，以及用于获得对应于调制的测试信号的装置。 此外，该装置包括信号处理装置形式的装置，用于通过信号处理软件处理测试信号以产生诊断值，以及通过将诊断值与预期值进行比较来监视信号处理装置的装置。

公开(公告)号：US20120192621A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-02

申请号：US13379302

申请日：2010-06-16

申请人： Michael Ludwig

发明人： Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/09 ,  G01N21/3504

摘要： A heatable flow-through measuring cell for a gas analyzer having an inner tube made of a corrosion-resistant material, such as stainless steel, and is terminated at each end with a respective end piece and a radiolucent window held therein. The measuring cell also includes an electrical heating apparatus for heating each end piece, an outer tube that coaxially surrounds the inner tube so as to form a narrow gap and is made of material with good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum, and includes thermal insulation that surrounds the outer tube.

摘要翻译： 一种用于气体分析器的可加热流通测量池，其具有由诸如不锈钢的耐腐蚀材料制成的内管，并且在每个端部终止于其中保持有相应的端部件和射线透视窗口。 测量单元还包括用于加热每个端片的电加热设备，同轴地围绕内管以形成窄间隙并由具有良好导热性的材料（例如铝）制成的外管，并且包括隔热层 围绕外管。

公开(公告)号：US07436514B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US10551741

申请日：2004-04-01

申请人： Michael Ludwig

发明人： Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01N21/00 ,  H04B10/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/31

摘要： The aim of the invention is to reduce the apparatus-related complexity and the mounting effort in a process absorption spectrometer taking in situ measurements. Said aim is achieved by providing the process absorption spectrometer with a unit comprising a source of radiation and at least one additional unit encompassing a detector, both units being embodied as pieces of field equipment and being connected to a field bus.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是在进行原位测量的过程吸收光谱仪中减少设备相关的复杂性和安装工作。 所述目的通过向工艺吸收光谱仪提供包括辐射源的单元和包含检测器的至少一个附加单元来实现，两个单元被实施为现场设备并连接到现场总线。

公开(公告)号：US5903192A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-11

申请号：US805242

申请日：1997-02-24

申请人： Michael Ludwig ,  Marcus Wahl

发明人： Michael Ludwig ,  Marcus Wahl

IPC分类号： H03G3/30

CPC分类号： H03G3/3052

摘要： A controlled, saturated high frequency power amplifier, which can be used especially as a transmitting amplifier in a T/R module for a phase-controlled (radar) antenna for the X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz). In this case, a portion of the HF output signal is utilized to generate a control signal, with which the output power is controlled nearly without loss via at least one gate connection for the HF power amplifier components, preferably, field effect transistors, that are components of the power amplifier. The power amplifier thus has a high degree of transmitting effectiveness, even with a pulsed transmitting operation.

摘要翻译： 一种受控的饱和高频功率放大器，可用于X波段（8 GHz至12 GHz）的相位控制（雷达）天线的T / R模块中的发射放大器。 在这种情况下，HF输出信号的一部分被用于产生一个控制信号，通过至少一个用于HF功率放大器组件的栅极连接，输出功率几乎没有损耗被控制，优选地，场效应晶体管是 功率放大器的组件。 功率放大器因此具有高度的发射效率，即使采用脉冲发射操作。

公开(公告)号：US20120091346A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-19

申请号：US13321738

申请日：2010-05-18

申请人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

发明人： Ralf Bitter ,  Camiel Heffels ,  Thomas Hörner ,  Martin Kionke ,  Michael Ludwig

IPC分类号： G01J5/54 ,  G01J5/10

CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/276 ,  G01N21/3518 ,  G01N2021/3545

摘要： The invention relates to a NDIR two beam gas analyser in which infrared radiation is guided by modulation in an alternating manner through a measuring chamber and a reference chamber and is subsequently detected, a measurement signal being produced due to the analysis which determines the concentration of a measurement gas component present in the measurement chamber. The detection and compensation of error effects, in particular modifications on the infrared radiation source or detector arrangement, is simplified as a phase imbalance is produced in the switching of the radiation between the chambers, and the measurement signal is detected in a phase-sensitive manner for modulating the radiation, a measurement signal vector (SF) comprising amplitude information and phase information (ΦF) is obtained such that during calibration of the gas analyser for different known concentrations (K1, K2, K3, K4, K5) of the measurement gas components, measurement signal vectors (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) having different amplitudes and phases are determined, vectors define a characteristic line (43), and when an unknown concentration of the gas component is measured, the unknown concentration of the measurement gas component is determined from the intersection point (45) of an obtained measurement signal vector (SF) or the extension thereof with the characteristic line (43).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种NDIR双光束气体分析仪，其中红外辐射以交替方式通过测量室和参考室进行调制而引导，随后被检测到，由于分析而产生的测量信号，该测量信号决定了 存在于测量室中的测量气体组分。 误差效应的检测和补偿，特别是对红外辐射源或检测器装置的修改被简化，因为在室之间的辐射切换中产生相位不平衡，并且以相敏感方式检测测量信号 为了调制辐射，获得包括振幅信息和相位信息（ΦF）的测量信号矢量（SF），使得在气体分析器的校准期间，测量气体的不同已知浓度（K1，K2，K3，K4，K5） 确定具有不同幅度和相位的分量，测量信号矢量（S1，S2，S3，S4，S5），向量定义特征线（43），并且当测量未知浓度的气体成分时，未知浓度 从所获得的测量信号向量（SF）的交点（45）或其特征线的延伸确定测量气体成分 （43）。